1. 线程池
ThreadPoolExecutor
2. synchronized
3. ReentrantLock
需要显示的进行unlock
4. volatile
5. Atomics
提供原子操作
6. wait、notify 和 notifyAll
7. CountDownLatch
8. CyclicBarrier
9. Semaphore
10. Exchanger
11. Future和FutureTask
12. 并发容器:concurrent包
ConcurrentHashMap --> 替代同步的hashMap
CopyOnWriteArrayList --> 替代List的同步实现
ConcurrentLinkedQueue --> FIFO队列
BlockingQueue --> 阻塞队列 LinkedBlockingQueue ArrayBlockingQueue
ConcurrentSkipListMap --> 同步的SortedMap
ConcurrentSkipListSet --> 并发的SortedSet