0. PSR-0 --- 自动加载

1. PSR-0

---

2.目录结构

index.php

<?php

define('BASEDIR',__DIR__);

include BASEDIR . '/IMooc/Loader.php';
spl_autoload_register('\\IMooc\\Loader::autoload');

IMooc\Object::test();

App\Controller\Home\Index::test();

Loader.php

<?php

namespace IMooc;

class Loader
{
    static function autoload($class)
    {
        require BASEDIR . '/' . str_replace('\\','/',$class)  . '.php';
    }
}

Object.php

<?php

//命名空间必须与绝对路径一致
//这个文件除了 class 之外，不能有其他可执行代码
namespace IMooc;

class Object
{
    static function test()
    {
        echo __METHOD__,'<br/>';
    }
}

Index.php

<?php

namespace App\Controller\Home;

class Index
{
    static function test()
    {
        echo __METHOD__,'<br/>';
    }
}

---

PSR-0 — 自动加载

PSR是Proposing a Standards Recommendation（提出标准建议）的缩写，是由
PHP Framework Interoperability Group
（PHP通用性框架小组，简称PHP-FIG）发起的，
通过他们命名就可以看出，这是个主要是针对框架通用性
而做努力的开放性小组，他们的在Github上有自己的仓库地址，
目前只有一个被接受的标准，那就是PSR-0标准，标准定义了
PHP自动加载的命名规范和文件路径规范。 
针对PSR-0标准主要提到了以下几点：

---

1.规范

---

2.实例
下面是一个怎样利用上述标准来实现自动加载的示例函数。

<?php

public static function autoload($className)
    {
        // 例如，$className = '\namespace\package_name\Class_Name';

        $className = ltrim($className,'\\');  // 去掉最左边的 \ ,namespace\package_name\Class_Name
        $fileName = '';
        $namespace = '';
        if($lastNoPos = strrpos($className,'\\')){  // 找到最右边的 \,$lastNoPos = 22
            $namespace = substr($className,0,$lastNoPos);  // namespace\package_name
            $className = substr($className,$lastNoPos+1);  // Class_Name
//            $a = str_replace('\\',DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR,$namespace);
            $fileName = str_replace('\\',DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR,$namespace) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
        }
        $fileName .= str_replace('_',DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR,$className) . '.php';  // $fileName = namespace\package_name\Class\Name.php;
        require $fileName;
    }

---

3.SplClassLoader实现

<?php
/*
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 * This software consists of voluntary contributions made by many individuals
 * and is licensed under the MIT license. For more information, see
 * <http://www.doctrine-project.org>.
 */

/**
 * SplClassLoader implementation that implements the technical interoperability
 * standards for PHP 5.3 namespaces and class names.
 *
 * http://groups.google.com/group/php-standards/web/psr-0-final-proposal?pli=1
 *
 *     // Example which loads classes for the Doctrine Common package in the
 *     // Doctrine\Common namespace.
 *     $classLoader = new SplClassLoader('Doctrine\Common', '/path/to/doctrine');
 *     $classLoader->register();
 *
 * @license http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html  MIT License
 * @author Jonathan H. Wage <jonwage@gmail.com>
 * @author Roman S. Borschel <roman@code-factory.org>
 * @author Matthew Weier O'Phinney <matthew@zend.com>
 * @author Kris Wallsmith <kris.wallsmith@gmail.com>
 * @author Fabien Potencier <fabien.potencier@symfony-project.org>
 */
class SplClassLoader
{
    private $_fileExtension = '.php';
    private $_namespace;
    private $_includePath;
    private $_namespaceSeparator = '\\';
    /**
     * Creates a new <tt>SplClassLoader</tt> that loads classes of the
     * specified namespace.
     * 
     * @param string $ns The namespace to use.
     */
    public function __construct($ns = null, $includePath = null)
    {
        $this->_namespace = $ns;
        $this->_includePath = $includePath;
    }
    /**
     * Sets the namespace separator used by classes in the namespace of this class loader.
     * 
     * @param string $sep The separator to use.
     */
    public function setNamespaceSeparator($sep)
    {
        $this->_namespaceSeparator = $sep;
    }
    /**
     * Gets the namespace seperator used by classes in the namespace of this class loader.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function getNamespaceSeparator()
    {
        return $this->_namespaceSeparator;
    }
    /**
     * Sets the base include path for all class files in the namespace of this class loader.
     * 
     * @param string $includePath
     */
    public function setIncludePath($includePath)
    {
        $this->_includePath = $includePath;
    }
    /**
     * Gets the base include path for all class files in the namespace of this class loader.
     *
     * @return string $includePath
     */
    public function getIncludePath()
    {
        return $this->_includePath;
    }
    /**
     * Sets the file extension of class files in the namespace of this class loader.
     * 
     * @param string $fileExtension
     */
    public function setFileExtension($fileExtension)
    {
        $this->_fileExtension = $fileExtension;
    }
    /**
     * Gets the file extension of class files in the namespace of this class loader.
     *
     * @return string $fileExtension
     */
    public function getFileExtension()
    {
        return $this->_fileExtension;
    }
    /**
     * Installs this class loader on the SPL autoload stack.
     */
    public function register()
    {
        spl_autoload_register(array($this, 'loadClass'));
    }
    /**
     * Uninstalls this class loader from the SPL autoloader stack.
     */
    public function unregister()
    {
        spl_autoload_unregister(array($this, 'loadClass'));
    }
    /**
     * Loads the given class or interface.
     *
     * @param string $className The name of the class to load.
     * @return void
     */
    public function loadClass($className)
    {
        if (null === $this->_namespace || $this->_namespace.$this->_namespaceSeparator === substr($className, 0, strlen($this->_namespace.$this->_namespaceSeparator))) {
            $fileName = '';
            $namespace = '';
            if (false !== ($lastNsPos = strripos($className, $this->_namespaceSeparator))) {
                $namespace = substr($className, 0, $lastNsPos);
                $className = substr($className, $lastNsPos + 1);
                $fileName = str_replace($this->_namespaceSeparator, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $namespace) . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
            }
            $fileName .= str_replace('_', DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $className) . $this->_fileExtension;
            require ($this->_includePath !== null ? $this->_includePath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR : '') . $fileName;
        }
    }
}

https://gist.github.com/jwage/221634