Spring Boot 读取配置文件的几种方式

1.使用@Value注解

/**
 * 读取application.yml中参数
 */
@Component
public class MainConfig1 {

    @Value("${main1.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${main1.password}")
    private String password;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MainConfig{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

yml中对应参数

#自定义参数
main1:
  username: main1
  password: main1

2.使用@ConfigurationProperties注解，该注解标注的类为一个properties配置类，使用prefix对应参数的前缀

/**
 * 读取application.yml中参数
 */
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "main2")
public class MainConfig2 {

    private String username;

    private String password;

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MainConfig2{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

yml中对应的参数

main2:
  username: main2
  password: main2

3.使用@PropertySource注解读取资源目录下配置文件的参数

@Component
@PropertySource("properties/main3.properties")
public class MainConfig3 {

    @Value("${main3.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${main3.password}")
    private String password;

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MainConfig3{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

resource资源目录下properties目录下的main3.properties

main3.username=main3
main3.password=main3

4.组合使用@ConfigurationProperties和PropertySource注解

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "main4")
@PropertySource("properties/main4.properties")
public class MainConfig4 {

    private String username;

    private String password;
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MainConfig4{" +
                "username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

resource资源目录下properties目录下的main4.properties

main4.username=main4
main4.password=main4

5.使用Spring Boot中的Environment对象

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/main")
public class MainController {
	@Autowired
    private Environment env;
    @GetMapping("/env")
    public String env() {

        String main1 = env.getProperty("main1.username") + env.getProperty("main1.password");
        String main2 = env.getProperty("main2.username") + env.getProperty("main2.password");
        String main3 = env.getProperty("main3.username") + env.getProperty("main3.password");
        String main4 = env.getProperty("main4.username") + env.getProperty("main4.password");
        return main1 + "\n" + main2 + "\n" + main3 + "\n" + main4 + "\n";
    }
}