原文:https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/KAFKA/Consumer+Group+Example
为什么使用High Level Consumer
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在某些应用场景,我们希望通过多线程读取消息,而我们并不关心从Kafka消费消息的顺序,我们仅仅关心数据能被消费就行。High Level 就是用于抽象这类消费动作的。
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消息消费已Consumer Group为单位,每个Consumer Group中可以有多个consumer,每个consumer是一个线程,topic的每个partition同时只能被某一个consumer读 取,Consumer Group对应的每个partition都有一个最新的offset的值,存储在zookeeper上的。所以不会出现重复消费的情况。
- 因为consumer的offerset并不是实时的传送到zookeeper(通过配置来制定更新周期),所以Consumer如果突然Crash,有可能会读取重复的信息
设计High Level Consumer
High Level Consumer 可以并且应该被使用在多线程的环境,线程模型中线程的数量(也代表group中consumer的数量)和topic的partition数量有关,下面列举一些规则:
- 当提供的线程数量多于partition的数量,则部分线程将不会接收到消息;
- 当提供的线程数量少于partition的数量,则部分线程将从多个partition接收消息;
- 当某个线程从多个partition接收消息时,不保证接收消息的顺序;可能出现从partition3接收5条消息,从partition4接收6条消息,接着又从partition3接收10条消息;
- 当添加更多线程时,会引起kafka做re-balance, 可能改变partition和线程的对应关系。
- 因为突然停止Consumer以及Broker会导致消息重复读的情况,为了避免这种情况在shutdown之前通过Thread.sleep(10000)让Consumer有时间将offset同步到zookeeper
例子
Maven依赖
<!--Kafka 消息依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
<artifactId>kafka_2.10</artifactId>
<version>0.8.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.kafka</groupId>
<artifactId>kafka-clients</artifactId>
<version>0.8.2.0</version>
</dependency>
Consumer 线程
import kafka.consumer.ConsumerIterator;
import kafka.consumer.KafkaStream;
import kafka.message.MessageAndMetadata;
public class ConsumerThread implements Runnable {
private KafkaStream kafkaStream;
//线程编号
private int threadNumber;
public ConsumerThread(KafkaStream kafkaStream, int threadNumber) {
this.threadNumber = threadNumber;
this.kafkaStream = kafkaStream;
}
public void run() {
ConsumerIterator<byte[], byte[]> it = kafkaStream.iterator();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
//该循环会持续从Kafka读取数据,直到手工的将进程进行中断
while (it.hasNext()) {
MessageAndMetadata metaData = it.next();
sb.append("Thread: " + threadNumber + " ");
sb.append("Part: " + metaData.partition() + " ");
sb.append("Key: " + metaData.key() + " ");
sb.append("Message: " + metaData.message() + " ");
sb.append("\n");
System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
System.out.println("Shutting down Thread: " + threadNumber);
}
}
其余程序
import kafka.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import kafka.consumer.KafkaStream;
import kafka.javaapi.consumer.ConsumerConnector;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class ConsumerGroupExample {
private final ConsumerConnector consumer;
private final String topic;
private ExecutorService executor;
public ConsumerGroupExample(String a_zookeeper, String a_groupId, String a_topic) {
consumer = kafka.consumer.Consumer.createJavaConsumerConnector(
createConsumerConfig(a_zookeeper, a_groupId));
this.topic = a_topic;
}
public void shutdown() {
if (consumer != null) consumer.shutdown();
if (executor != null) executor.shutdown();
}
public void run(int a_numThreads) {
Map<String, Integer> topicCountMap = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
topicCountMap.put(topic, new Integer(a_numThreads));
//返回的Map包含所有的Topic以及对应的KafkaStream
Map<String, List<KafkaStream<byte[], byte[]>>> consumerMap = consumer.createMessageStreams(topicCountMap);
List<KafkaStream<byte[], byte[]>> streams = consumerMap.get(topic);
//创建Java线程池
executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(a_numThreads);
// 创建 consume 线程消费messages
int threadNumber = 0;
for (final KafkaStream stream : streams) {
executor.submit(new ConsumerTest(stream, threadNumber));
threadNumber++;
}
}
private static ConsumerConfig createConsumerConfig(String a_zookeeper, String a_groupId) {
Properties props = new Properties();
//指定连接的Zookeeper集群,通过该集群来存储连接到某个Partition的Consumer的Offerset
props.put("zookeeper.connect", a_zookeeper);
//consumer group 的ID
props.put("group.id", a_groupId);
//Kafka等待Zookeeper的响应时间(毫秒)
props.put("zookeeper.session.timeout.ms", "400");
//ZooKeeper 的‘follower’可以落后Master多少毫秒
props.put("zookeeper.sync.time.ms", "200");
//consumer更新offerset到Zookeeper的时间
props.put("auto.commit.interval.ms", "1000");
return new ConsumerConfig(props);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String zooKeeper = args[0];
String groupId = args[1];
String topic = args[2];
int threads = Integer.parseInt(args[3]);
ConsumerGroupExample example = new ConsumerGroupExample(zooKeeper, groupId, topic);
example.run(threads);
//因为consumer的offerset并不是实时的传送到zookeeper(通过配置来制定更新周期),所以shutdown Consumer的线程,有可能会读取重复的信息
//增加sleep时间,让consumer把offset同步到zookeeper
try {
Thread.sleep(10000);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
}
example.shutdown();
}
}