SQL Server 批量插入数据的两种方法
在SQL Server 中插入一条数据使用Insert语句,但是如果想要批量插入一堆数据的话,循环使用Insert不仅效率低,而且会导致SQL一系统性能问题。下面介绍SQL Server支持的两种批量数据插入方法:Bulk和表值参数(Table-Valued Parameters)。
运行下面的脚本,建立测试数据库和表值参数。
--Create DataBase create database BulkTestDB; go use BulkTestDB; go --Create Table Create table BulkTestTable( Id int primary key, UserName nvarchar(32), Pwd varchar(16)) go --Create Table Valued CREATE TYPE BulkUdt AS TABLE (Id int , UserName nvarchar(32), Pwd varchar(16))
下面我们使用最简单的Insert语句来插入100万条数据,代码如下:
Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch(); SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection( ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr" ].ConnectionString); SqlCommand sqlComm = new SqlCommand(); sqlComm.CommandText = string .Format( "insert into BulkTestTable(Id,UserName,Pwd)values(@p0,@p1,@p2)" ); sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p0" , SqlDbType.Int); sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p1" , SqlDbType.NVarChar); sqlComm.Parameters.Add("@p2" , SqlDbType.VarChar); sqlComm.CommandType = CommandType.Text; sqlComm.Connection = sqlConn; sqlConn.Open(); try { for ( int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++) { for ( int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++) { sqlComm.Parameters["@p0" ].Value = count; sqlComm.Parameters["@p1" ].Value = string .Format( "User-{0}" , count * multiply); sqlComm.Parameters["@p2" ].Value = string .Format( "Pwd-{0}" , count * multiply); sw.Start(); sqlComm.ExecuteNonQuery(); sw.Stop(); } Console.WriteLine(string .Format( "Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds" , sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { sqlConn.Close(); } Console.ReadLine();
耗时图如下:
由于运行过慢,才插入10万条就耗时72390 milliseconds,所以我就手动强行停止了。
下面看一下使用Bulk插入的情况:
bulk方法主要思想是通过在客户端把数据都缓存在Table中,然后利用SqlBulkCopy一次性把Table中的数据插入到数据库
代码如下:
public static void BulkToDB(DataTable dt) { SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection( ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr" ].ConnectionString); SqlBulkCopy bulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(sqlConn); bulkCopy.DestinationTableName = "BulkTestTable" ; bulkCopy.BatchSize = dt.Rows.Count; try { sqlConn.Open(); if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0) bulkCopy.WriteToServer(dt); } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { sqlConn.Close(); if (bulkCopy != null ) bulkCopy.Close(); } } public static DataTable GetTableSchema() { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[]{ new DataColumn( "Id" , typeof ( int )), new DataColumn( "UserName" , typeof ( string )), new DataColumn( "Pwd" , typeof ( string ))}); return dt; } static void Main( string [] args) { Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch(); for ( int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++) { DataTable dt = Bulk.GetTableSchema(); for ( int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++) { DataRow r = dt.NewRow(); r[0] = count; r[1] = string .Format( "User-{0}" , count * multiply); r[2] = string .Format( "Pwd-{0}" , count * multiply); dt.Rows.Add(r); } sw.Start(); Bulk.BulkToDB(dt); sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(string .Format( "Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds" , sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)); } Console.ReadLine(); }
耗时图如下:
可见,使用Bulk后,效率和性能明显上升。使用Insert插入10万数据耗时72390,而现在使用Bulk插入100万数据才耗时17583。
最后再看看使用表值参数的效率,会另你大为惊讶的。
表值参数是SQL Server 2008新特性,简称TVPs。对于表值参数不熟悉的朋友,可以参考最新的book online,我也会另外写一篇关于表值参数的博客,不过此次不对表值参数的概念做过多的介绍。言归正传,看代码:
public static void TableValuedToDB(DataTable dt) { SqlConnection sqlConn = new SqlConnection( ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["ConnStr" ].ConnectionString); const string TSqlStatement = "insert into BulkTestTable (Id,UserName,Pwd)" + " SELECT nc.Id, nc.UserName,nc.Pwd" + " FROM @NewBulkTestTvp AS nc" ; SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(TSqlStatement, sqlConn); SqlParameter catParam = cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@NewBulkTestTvp" , dt); catParam.SqlDbType = SqlDbType.Structured; catParam.TypeName = "dbo.BulkUdt" ; try { sqlConn.Open(); if (dt != null && dt.Rows.Count != 0) { cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } finally { sqlConn.Close(); } } public static DataTable GetTableSchema() { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Columns.AddRange(new DataColumn[]{ new DataColumn( "Id" , typeof ( int )), new DataColumn( "UserName" , typeof ( string )), new DataColumn( "Pwd" , typeof ( string ))}); return dt; } static void Main( string [] args) { Stopwatch sw = new Stopwatch(); for ( int multiply = 0; multiply < 10; multiply++) { DataTable dt = TableValued.GetTableSchema(); for ( int count = multiply * 100000; count < (multiply + 1) * 100000; count++) { DataRow r = dt.NewRow(); r[0] = count; r[1] = string .Format( "User-{0}" , count * multiply); r[2] = string .Format( "Pwd-{0}" , count * multiply); dt.Rows.Add(r); } sw.Start(); TableValued.TableValuedToDB(dt); sw.Stop(); Console.WriteLine(string .Format( "Elapsed Time is {0} Milliseconds" , sw.ElapsedMilliseconds)); } Console.ReadLine(); }
耗时图如下:
比Bulk还快5秒。
FROM:http://blog.csdn.net/tjvictor/archive/2009/07/18/4360030.aspx
PS:以上让Kevin yan本人想到了之前批量写入ORACLE数据库的情况,很怀怀疑SQL2008的TVPS是否就是跟它学来的呢?
以下为使用ODP.NET批量导入数据示例代码
004
/// <param name="tableName">表名称</param>
005
/// <param name="columnRowData">键-值存储的批量数据:键是列名称,值是该列对应的数据集合</param>
006
/// <returns></returns>
007
public
int
BatchInsert(
string
tableName, Dictionary<
string
,
object
[]> columnRowData)
009
if
(
string
.IsNullOrEmpty(tableName))
011
throw
new
ArgumentNullException(
"tableName"
,
"必须指定批量插入的表名称"
);
014
if
(columnRowData ==
null
|| columnRowData.Count < 1)
016
throw
new
ArgumentException(
"必须指定批量插入的字段名称"
,
"columnRowData"
);
020
string
[] dbColumns = columnRowData.Keys.ToArray();
021
StringBuilder sbCmdText =
new
StringBuilder();
022
if
(columnRowData.Count > 0)
025
sbCmdText.AppendFormat(
"INSERT INTO {1} ("
, tableName);
026
sbCmdText.Append(
string
.Join(
","
, dbColumns));
027
sbCmdText.Append(
") VALUES ("
);
028
sbCmdText.Append(
":"
+
string
.Join(
", :"
, dbColumns));
029
sbCmdText.Append(
") "
);
031
using
(OracleConnection conn =
new
OracleConnection(
"数据库连接字符信息"
))
033
using
(OracleCommand cmd = _oraDbConn.CreateCommand())
036
cmd.ArrayBindCount = columnRowData.Values.First().Length;
037
cmd.BindByName =
true
;
038
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
039
cmd.CommandText = sbCmdText.ToString();
040
cmd.CommandTimeout = 600;
042
OracleParameter oraParam;
043
List<IDbDataParameter> cacher =
new
List<IDbDataParameter>();
044
OracleDbType dbType = OracleDbType.Object;
045
foreach
(
string
colName
in
dbColumns)
047
dbType =
this
.GetOracleDbType(columnRowData[colName][0]);
048
oraParam =
new
OracleParameter(colName, dbType);
049
oraParam.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
050
oraParam.OracleDbTypeEx = dbType;
052
oraParam.Value = columnRowData[colName];
053
cmd.Parameters.Add(oraParam);
057
var trans = conn.BeginTransaction();
060
cmd.Transaction = trans;
061
iResult = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
064
catch
(Exception dbex)
079
/// <param name="tableName">表名称</param>
080
/// <param name="keyColumName">主键列名称</param>
081
/// <param name="columnRowData">键-值存储的批量数据:键是列名称,值是该列对应的数据集合</param>
082
/// <returns></returns>
083
public
int
BatchUpdate(
string
tableName,
string
keyColumName, Dictionary<
string
,
object
[]> columnRowData)
085
if
(
string
.IsNullOrEmpty(tableName))
087
throw
new
ArgumentNullException(
"tableName"
,
"必须指定批量插入的表名称"
);
090
if
(
string
.IsNullOrEmpty(tableName))
092
throw
new
ArgumentNullException(
"keyColumName"
,
"必须指定批量插入表的主键列名称"
);
095
if
(columnRowData ==
null
|| columnRowData.Count < 1)
097
throw
new
ArgumentException(
"必须指定批量插入的字段名称"
,
"columnRowData"
);
101
string
[] dbColumns = columnRowData.Keys.ToArray();
102
StringBuilder sbCmdText =
new
StringBuilder();
103
if
(columnRowData.Count > 0)
106
sbCmdText.AppendFormat(
"update {0} set "
, tableName);
107
foreach
(var col
in
dbColumns)
109
if
(keyColumName.Equals(col,StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
113
sbCmdText.AppendFormat(
"{0} = :{0} ,"
, col);
115
sbCmdText.Remove(sbCmdText.Length - 1, 1);
116
sbCmdText.AppendFormat(
" where {0} = :{0}"
,keyColumName);
118
using
(OracleConnection conn =
new
OracleConnection(
"数据库连接字符信息"
))
120
using
(OracleCommand cmd = _oraDbConn.CreateCommand())
123
cmd.ArrayBindCount = columnRowData.Values.First().Length;
124
cmd.BindByName =
true
;
125
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
126
cmd.CommandText = sbCmdText.ToString();
127
cmd.CommandTimeout = 600;
129
OracleParameter oraParam;
130
List<IDbDataParameter> cacher =
new
List<IDbDataParameter>();
131
OracleDbType dbType = OracleDbType.Object;
132
foreach
(
string
colName
in
dbColumns)
134
dbType =
this
.GetOracleDbType(columnRowData[colName][0]);
135
oraParam =
new
OracleParameter(colName, dbType);
136
oraParam.Direction = ParameterDirection.Input;
137
oraParam.OracleDbTypeEx = dbType;
139
oraParam.Value = columnRowData[colName];
140
cmd.Parameters.Add(oraParam);
144
var trans = conn.BeginTransaction();
147
cmd.Transaction = trans;
148
iResult = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
151
catch
(Exception dbex)
165
/// 根据数据类型获取OracleDbType
167
/// <param name="value"></param>
168
/// <returns></returns>
169
private
OracleDbType GetOracleDbType(
object
value)
171
OracleDbType dataType = OracleDbType.Object;
174
dataType = OracleDbType.Varchar2;
176
else
if
(value
is
DateTime)
178
dataType = OracleDbType.TimeStamp;
180
else
if
(value
is
int
|| value
is
short
)
182
dataType = OracleDbType.Int32;
184
else
if
(value
is
long
)
186
dataType = OracleDbType.Int64;
188
else
if
(value
is
decimal
|| value
is
double
)
190
dataType = OracleDbType.Decimal;
192
else
if
(value
is
Guid)
194
dataType = OracleDbType.Varchar2;
196
else
if
(value
is
bool
|| value
is
Boolean)
198
dataType = OracleDbType.Byte;
200
else
if
(value
is
byte
[])
202
dataType = OracleDbType.Blob;
204
else
if
(value
is
char
)
206
dataType = OracleDbType.Char;