C++编程思想 第1卷 第3章 运算符及其使用 移位运算符 旋转

C的设计者认为旋转的处理应该适可而止

C的设计者的目标是建立最小的语言，自己可以建立旋转命令

//: C03:Rotation.cpp {O}
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
// Perform left and right rotations

unsigned char rol(unsigned char val) {
  int highbit;
  if(val & 0x80) // 0x80 is the high bit only
    highbit = 1;
  else
    highbit = 0;
  // Left shift (bottom bit becomes 0):
  val <<= 1;
  // Rotate the high bit onto the bottom:
  val |= highbit;
  return val;
}

unsigned char ror(unsigned char val) {
  int lowbit;
  if(val & 1) // Check the low bit
    lowbit = 1;
  else
    lowbit = 0;
  val >>= 1; // Right shift by one position
  // Rotate the low bit onto the top:
  val |= (lowbit << 7);
  return val;
} ///:~

//: C03:printBinary.h
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
// Display a byte in binary
void printBinary(const unsigned char val);
///:~

//: C03:printBinary.cpp {O}
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
#include <iostream>
void printBinary(const unsigned char val) {
  for(int i = 7; i >= 0; i--)
    if(val & (1 << i))
      std::cout << "1";
    else
      std::cout << "0";
} ///:~

//: C03:Bitwise.cpp
// From Thinking in C++, 2nd Edition
// Available at http://www.BruceEckel.com
// (c) Bruce Eckel 2000
// Copyright notice in Copyright.txt
//{L} printBinary
// Demonstration of bit manipulation
#include "printBinary.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

// A macro to save typing:
#define PR(STR, EXPR) \
  cout << STR; printBinary(EXPR); cout << endl;  

int main() {
  unsigned char rol(unsigned char val);
  unsigned char ror(unsigned char val);
  unsigned int getval;
  unsigned char a, b;
  cout << "Enter a number between 0 and 255: ";
  cin >> getval; a = getval;
  PR("a in binary: ", a);
  cout << "Enter a number between 0 and 255: ";
  cin >> getval; b = getval;
  PR("b in binary: ", b);
  PR("a | b = ", a | b);
  PR("a & b = ", a & b);
  PR("a ^ b = ", a ^ b);
  PR("~a = ", ~a);
  PR("~b = ", ~b);
  PR("rol(a) = ", rol(a));
  PR("rol(b) = ", rol(b));
  PR("ror(a) = ", ror(a));
  PR("ror(b) = ", ror(b));
  // An interesting bit pattern:
  unsigned char c = 0x5A; 
  PR("c in binary: ", c);
  a |= c;
  PR("a |= c; a = ", a);
  b &= c;
  PR("b &= c; b = ", b);
  b ^= a;
  PR("b ^= a; b = ", b);
  fflush(stdin);
  getchar();
} ///:~

使用在函数前要在Bitwise.cpp 中看到rol()和ror()的定义，至少是声明
位函数的效率非常高，因为直接被翻译成汇编语句
单独的C或C++语句产生一行单独的汇编代码


输出
Enter a number between 0 and 255: 25
a in binary: 00011001
Enter a number between 0 and 255: 36
b in binary: 00100100
a | b = 00111101
a & b = 00000000
a ^ b = 00111101
~a = 11100110
~b = 11011011
rol(a) = 00110010
rol(b) = 01001000
ror(a) = 10001100
ror(b) = 00010010
c in binary: 01011010
a |= c; a = 01011011
b &= c; b = 00000000
b ^= a; b = 01011011