Enum是enumeration(列举)的简写形式,包含在java.lang包中.熟悉C, C++, C#, 或 Pascal人应该对列举有所了解,先看个例子: public enum Season { winter, spring, summer, fall }
一个enum是定义一组值的对象,它可以包括零个或多个值成员.它是属于enum类型的,一个enum对象中不可有两个或多个相同的属性或值.在次之前的java程序员一般是 用接口的方法实现列举的,如 : public interface Season { static winter = 0; static spring = 1; //etc.. } 引入了enum的java的列举的编写方便了许多,只须定义一个enum型的对象.enum对象的值都回自动获得一个数字值,从0开始,依次递增.看一个比较简单的enum实现的例子: EnumDemo.java package net.javagarage.enums; /* We can loop over the values we put into the enum using the values() method. Note that the enum Seasons is compiled into a separate unit, called EnumDemo$Seasons.class */ public class EnumDemo { /*declare the enum and add values to it. note that, like in C#, we don't use a ; to end this statement and we use commas to separate the values */ private enum Seasons { winter, spring, summer, fall } //list the values public static void main(String[] args) { for (Seasons s : Seasons.values()){ System.out.println(s); } } } 运行上述代码你回得到 以下结果: winter spring summer fall Enum的属性调用: 下面的代码展示了调用enum对象的方法,这也是它通常的用法: package net.javagarage.enums; /* File: EnumSwitch.java Purpose: show how to switch against the values in an enum. */ public class EnumSwitch { private enum Color { red, blue, green } //list the values public static void main(String[] args) { //refer to the qualified value doIt(Color.red); } /*note that you switch against the UNQUALIFIED name. that is, "case Color.red:" is a compiler error */ private static void doIt(Color c){ switch (c) { case red: System.out.println("value is " + Color.red); break; case green: System.out.println("value is " + Color.green); break; case blue: System.out.println("value is : " + Color.blue); break; default : System.out.println("default"); } } } 为enums添加属性和方法 enums也可以象一般的类一样添加方法和属性,你可以为它添加静态和非静态的属性或方法,这一切都象你在一般的类中做的那样. package net.javagarage.enums; /* File: EnumDemo.java Purpose: show how to use an enum that also defines its own fields and methods */ public class EnumWithMethods { //declare the enum and add values to it. public enum Season { winter, spring, summer, fall; private final static String location = "Phoenix"; public static Season getBest(){ if (location.equals("Phoenix")) return winter; else return summer; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(Season.getBest()); } } 就是这么的简单.但是有一点是需要注意的,那就是enums的值列表必须紧跟在enum声明,不然编译时将会出错. Enums构造函数: 和类一样enums也可以有自己的构造函数,如下: package net.javagarage.enums; public class EnumConstructor { public static void main(String[] a) { //call our enum using the values method for (Temp t : Temp.values()) System.out.println(t + " is : " + t.getValue()); } //make the enum public enum Temp { absoluteZero(-459), freezing(32), boiling(212), paperBurns(451); //constructor here Temp(int value) { this.value = value; } //regular field?but make it final, //since that is the point, to make constants private final int value; //regular get method public int getValue() { return value; } } } 输出结果是: absoluteZero is : -459 freezing is : 32 boiling is : 212 paperBurns is : 451 尽管enums有这么多的属性,但并不是用的越多越好,如果那样还不如直接用类来的直接.enums的优势在定义int最终变量仅当这些值有一定特殊含义时.但是如果你需要的是一个类,就定义一个类,而不是enum.