首先创建我们练习grep命令时需要用到的demo文件demo_file。 $ cat demo_fileTHIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.Two lines above this line is empty.And this is the last line. 1.从单个文件中搜索指定的字串
grep的基础用法是如下例的从指定的文件中搜索特定的字串。 语法:grep "literal_string" filename $ grep "this" demo_filethis line is the 1st lower case line in this file.Two lines above this line is empty.And this is the last line. 2. 在多个文件中检索指定的字串 语法:grep "string" FILE_PATTERN
$ cp demo_file demo_file1$ grep "this" demo_*demo_file:this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.demo_file:Two lines above this line is empty.demo_file:And this is the last line.demo_file1:this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.demo_file1:Two lines above this line is empty.demo_file1:And this is the last line. 3. 用 grep -i 进行大小写无关的搜索 语法:grep -i "string" FILE
也是一个基本用法,对搜索的字串忽略大小写,因此下例中匹配“the”, “THE” and “The”。
$ grep -i "the" demo_fileTHIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.And this is the last line. 4. 使用用正则表达式 语法:grep "REGEX" filename
下例搜索"is"。如果不加-w选项,将显示“is”, “his”, “this” 等所有包含“is”的行。 $ grep -i "is" demo_fileTHIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case.Two lines above this line is empty.And this is the last line.
下例使用了-w选项,请注意结果中不包含 “This Line Has All Its First Character Of The Word With Upper Case”, 虽然 “This”中包含“is”。 $ grep -iw "is" demo_fileTHIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.this line is the 1st lower case line in this file.Two lines above this line is empty.And this is the last line. 6. 使用grep -A, -B and -C显示之前、之后、前后的几行
当使用grep搜索大文件时,显示匹配行附近的多行数据是一个很有用的功能。
创建如下文件 $ cat demo_text4. Vim Word NavigationYou may want to do several navigation in relation to the words, such as: * e - go to the end of the current word. * E - go to the end of the current WORD. * b - go to the previous (before) word. * B - go to the previous (before) WORD. * w - go to the next word. * W - go to the next WORD.WORD - WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white space.word - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.Example to show the difference between WORD and word * 192.168.1.1 - single WORD * 192.168.1.1 - seven words. 6.1 显示匹配行之后的N行
-A 语法:grep -A "string" FILENAME
下例显示匹配行和之后的3行数据 $ grep -A 3 -i "example" demo_textExample to show the difference between WORD and word* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD* 192.168.1.1 - seven words. 6.2显示匹配行之前的N行
-B 语法:grep -B "string" FILENAME
下例显示匹配行和之前的2行数据 $ grep -B 2 "single WORD" demo_textExample to show the difference between WORD and word* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD 6.3显示匹配行前后的N行
-C 显示之前的n行,之后的n行数据. $ grep -C 2 "Example" demo_textword - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.Example to show the difference between WORD and word* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD 7.通过GREP_OPTIONS高亮显示搜索的字串
如果你希望搜索的字串高亮显示在结果中,可以试用以下的办法。
通过修改GREP_OPTIONS对搜索字串高亮显示。
$ export GREP_OPTIONS='--color=auto' GREP_COLOR='100;8'$ grep this demo_filethis line is the 1st lower case line in this file.Two lines above this line is empty.And this is the last line. 8. 用grep -r递归搜索全部的文件
可以使用-v选项显示不匹配搜索字串的行。下例显示demo_text文件中不包含“go”的行 $ grep -v "go" demo_text4. Vim Word NavigationYou may want to do several navigation in relation to the words, such as:WORD - WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white space.word - word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.Example to show the difference between WORD and word* 192.168.1.1 - single WORD* 192.168.1.1 - seven words. 10. 显示不匹配全部模式的行 语法:grep -v -e "pattern" -e "pattern"
统计不匹配的行数 $ grep -v -c this demo_file4 12. 用grep -l 只显示文件名 $ grep -l this demo_*demo_filedemo_file1 13. 只显示匹配的字串
缺省显示匹配字串的所在行,可以使用-o选项只显示匹配的字串。这项功能当使用正则表达式时比较有用处。
$ grep -o "is.*line" demo_file is line is the 1st lower case lineis lineis is the last line 14. 显示匹配的位置 语法:grep -o -b "pattern" file $ cat temp-file.txt1234512345$ grep -o -b "3" temp-file.txt0:36:3
注意: 以上输出显示的不是行内的位置,而是整个文件中的字节byte位置
15. 用 grep -n 在输出时显示行号
行号从1开始 $ grep -n "go" demo_text5: * e - go to the end of the current word.6: * E - go to the end of the current WORD.7: * b - go to the previous (before) word.8: * B - go to the previous (before) WORD.9: * w - go to the next word.10: * W - go to the next WORD.
grep的用法http://www.thegeekstuff.com/2009/03/15-practical-unix-grep-command-examples/ 首先创建我们练习grep命令时需要用到的demo文件demo_file。$ cat demo_fileTHIS LINE IS THE 1ST UPPER CASE LINE IN THIS FILE.thi