Concurrent - CyclicBarrier

原创转载请注明出处:http://agilestyle.iteye.com/blog/2343979

 

CyclicBarrier

CyclicBarrier允许一组线程互相等待,直到到达某个公共屏障点(common barrier point),这些线程必须实时地互相等待,这种情况下就可以使用CyclicBarrier来方便地实现这样的功能。另外,CyclicBarrier的公共屏障点可以重用。

CyclicBarrierTest1.java

package org.fool.java.concurrent.cyclicbarrier;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class CyclicBarrierTest1 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(5, () -> System.out.println("All invoked!!!"));

        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            Thread thread = new Thread(new MyThread(cyclicBarrier));
            thread.start();
        }
    }

    public static class MyThread implements Runnable {

        private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;

        public MyThread(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier) {
            this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                Thread.sleep((int) (Math.random() * 10000));

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " invoked..." + System.currentTimeMillis());

                cyclicBarrier.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

Note:

CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(5, () -> System.out.println("All invoked!!!"));

设置最大为5个parties同行者,也就是5个线程都执行了await()方法后程序才可以继续向下运行,否则这些线程彼此互相等待,一直呈阻塞状态。

 

线程个数大于parties数量进行分批处理

CyclicBarrierTest2.java

package org.fool.java.concurrent.cyclicbarrier;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class CyclicBarrierTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(2, () -> System.out.println("All invoked!!!"));

            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                Thread thread = new Thread(new MyThread(cyclicBarrier));
                thread.start();
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static class MyThread implements Runnable {

        private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;

        public MyThread(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier) {
            this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " begin=" + System.currentTimeMillis() + " wait 2 threads to continue");

                cyclicBarrier.await();

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " end=" + System.currentTimeMillis() + " have 2 threads to continue");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}
Run 

Note:

从运行结果来看,每出现2个线程就开始RUN

 

getNumberWaiting()

getNumberWaiting()作用是获得有几个线程已经到达屏障点。

CyclicBarrierTest3.java

package org.fool.java.concurrent.cyclicbarrier;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class CyclicBarrierTest3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(3);

            for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
                Thread thread = new Thread(new MyThread(cyclicBarrier));
                thread.start();
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(cyclicBarrier.getNumberWaiting());
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static class MyThread implements Runnable {

        private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;

        public MyThread(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier) {
            this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                cyclicBarrier.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

Run


Note:

从运行结果来看,CyclicBarrier具有屏障重置性,也就是parties的值可以重置为0

 

使用CyclicBarrier屏障重置性实现多阶段的比赛实验

CyclicBarrierTest4.java

package org.fool.java.concurrent.cyclicbarrier;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class CyclicBarrierTest4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(2);

        Service service = new Service(cyclicBarrier);

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            Thread thread = new Thread(new MyThread(service));
            thread.setName("Thread " + (i + 1));
            thread.start();
        }

    }

    public static class Service {
        private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;

        public Service(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier) {
            this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
        }

        public void beginRun() {
            try {
                Thread.sleep((int) (Math.random() * 10000));

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " "
                        + System.currentTimeMillis() + " begin No.1 phase "
                        + (cyclicBarrier.getNumberWaiting() + 1));

                cyclicBarrier.await();

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " "
                        + System.currentTimeMillis() + " end No.1 phase "
                        + (cyclicBarrier.getNumberWaiting()));

                Thread.sleep((int) (Math.random() * 10000));

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " "
                        + System.currentTimeMillis() + " begin No.2 phase "
                        + (cyclicBarrier.getNumberWaiting() + 1));

                cyclicBarrier.await();

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " "
                        + System.currentTimeMillis() + " end No.2 phase "
                        + (cyclicBarrier.getNumberWaiting()));
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static class MyThread implements Runnable {

        private Service service;

        public MyThread(Service service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            service.beginRun();
        }
    }
}

Run


Note:

CyclicBarrier类的parties值从1到2,然后再恢复到0,证明CyclicBarrier类的屏障点是可以复用的,另外线程1234每到达一个屏障点时的组合是随机的,sleep勇士最少的互相组合,继续向下一个屏障行进。 

 

isBroken()

isBroken()作用是查询屏障是否处于损坏状态

CyclicBarrierTest5.java

package org.fool.java.concurrent.cyclicbarrier;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class CyclicBarrierTest5 {
    public static class MyService {
        private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;

        public MyService(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier) {
            this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
        }

        public void testMethod() {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " invoked..., wait for others...");

                if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("Thread-2")) {
                    System.out.println("Thread-2 ran into an accident!!!");
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                    Integer.parseInt("a");
                    //Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                }

                cyclicBarrier.await();

                System.out.println("All invoked..., begin to execute...");

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " done...");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " In InterruptedException e " + cyclicBarrier.isBroken());
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " In BrokenBarrierException e " + cyclicBarrier.isBroken());
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static class MyThread implements Runnable {
        private MyService service;

        public MyThread(MyService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            service.testMethod();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(4, () -> System.out.println("All invoked..."));

        MyService service = new MyService(cyclicBarrier);

        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            new Thread(new MyThread(service)).start();
        }
    }
}

Run


Note:

有一个程序出现异常报错,则其他线程继续等待,并不影响程序运行的主流程。

 

更改MyService.java的testMethod,注释掉Integer.parseInt("a"),添加interrupt()

if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("Thread-2")) {
	System.out.println("Thread-2 ran into an accident!!!");
	Thread.sleep(3000);
	//Integer.parseInt("a");
	Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}

Run


Note:

所有线程都进入了catch块,其中Thread-2进入了InterruptedException块,其他3个线程进入了BrokenBarrierException块。CyclicBarrier处理线程的interrupt会使用全有或全无的破坏模型,意思是如果有一个线程由于中断或者超时提前离开了屏障点,其他所有在屏障点等待的线程也会抛出BrokenBarrierException或InterruptedException异常,并且离开屏障点

 

await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)

await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)作用是如果在指定的时间内达到parties数量,则程序继续向下运行,否则如果出现超时,则抛出TimeoutException异常。

CyclicBarrierTest6.java

package org.fool.java.concurrent.cyclicbarrier;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CyclicBarrierTest6 {
    public static class MyService {
        private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(3, () -> System.out.println("All done! " + System.currentTimeMillis()));

        public void testMethod() {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " prepare... " + System.currentTimeMillis());

                if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("Thread-0")) {
                    System.out.println("Thread-0 invoked cyclicBarrier.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);");
                    cyclicBarrier.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                }

                if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("Thread-1")) {
                    System.out.println("Thread-1 invoked cyclicBarrier.await();");
                    cyclicBarrier.await();
                }

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " start... " + System.currentTimeMillis());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (TimeoutException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static class MyThreadA implements Runnable {
        private MyService service;

        public MyThreadA(MyService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            service.testMethod();
        }
    }

    public static class MyThreadB implements Runnable {
        private MyService service;

        public MyThreadB(MyService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            service.testMethod();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyService service = new MyService();

        Thread a = new Thread(new MyThreadA(service));
        a.start();

        Thread b = new Thread(new MyThreadB(service));
        b.start();
    }
}

Run


 

getNumberWaiting()和getParties()

getNumberWaiting()的作用是获取有几个线程已经到屏障点

getParties()的作用是获取parties的个数

CyclicBarrierTest7.java

package org.fool.java.concurrent.cyclicbarrier;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CyclicBarrierTest7 {
    public static class MyService {
        private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(3, () -> System.out.println("All done! " + System.currentTimeMillis()));

        public void testMethod() {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " prepare... " + System.currentTimeMillis());

                if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("C")) {
                    Thread.sleep(Integer.MAX_VALUE);
                }

                cyclicBarrier.await();

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " start... " + System.currentTimeMillis());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static class MyThreadA implements Runnable {
        private MyService service;

        public MyThreadA(MyService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            service.testMethod();
        }
    }

    public static class MyThreadB implements Runnable {
        private MyService service;

        public MyThreadB(MyService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            service.testMethod();
        }
    }

    public static class MyThreadC implements Runnable {
        private MyService service;

        public MyThreadC(MyService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            service.testMethod();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            MyService service = new MyService();

            Thread a = new Thread(new MyThreadA(service));
            a.setName("A");
            a.start();

            Thread b = new Thread(new MyThreadB(service));
            b.setName("B");
            b.start();

            Thread c = new Thread(new MyThreadC(service));
            c.setName("C");
            c.start();

            Thread.sleep(3000);

            System.out.println(service.cyclicBarrier.getParties());

            System.out.println(service.cyclicBarrier.getNumberWaiting());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Run


 

reset()

reset()的作用是重置屏障 

CyclicBarrierTest8.java

package org.fool.java.concurrent.cyclicbarrier;

import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;

public class CyclicBarrierTest8 {
    public static class MyService {
        private CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(3, () -> System.out.println("All done! " + System.currentTimeMillis()));

        public void testMethod() {
            try {
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " prepare... " + System.currentTimeMillis());

                cyclicBarrier.await();

                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " start... " + System.currentTimeMillis());
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    public static class MyThreadA implements Runnable {
        private MyService service;

        public MyThreadA(MyService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            service.testMethod();
        }
    }

    public static class MyThreadB implements Runnable {
        private MyService service;

        public MyThreadB(MyService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            service.testMethod();
        }
    }

    public static class MyThreadC implements Runnable {
        private MyService service;

        public MyThreadC(MyService service) {
            this.service = service;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            service.testMethod();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        try {
            MyService service = new MyService();

            Thread a = new Thread(new MyThreadA(service));
            a.setName("A");
            a.start();

            Thread b = new Thread(new MyThreadB(service));
            b.setName("B");
            b.start();

            // thread c uninitialized
            Thread.sleep(3000);
            service.cyclicBarrier.reset();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Run


Note:

屏障被重置后,2个线程出现BrokenBarrierException 

 

 

Reference

Java并发编程核心方法与框架




 

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