MySQL的几个实用字符串函数 (转) 收藏
最近老婆问我要一个在mysql里做行列转换的sql语句,想了半天没想出来,还是去网上搜一下吧,然后就发现了这篇文章,非常实用,特转过了一起分享:)
原文地址:http://blog.54master.com/index.php/316158/viewspace-20836
1.1 MySQL的concat函数可以连接一个或者多个字符串 , 如
mysql > select concat ( '10' );
+--------------+
| concat ( '10' ) |
+--------------+
| 10 |
+--------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
mysql > select concat ( '11' , '22' , '33' );
+------------------------+
| concat ( '11' , '22' , '33' ) |
+------------------------+
| 112233 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
而Oracle的concat函数只能连接两个字符串
SQL > select concat ( '11' , '22' ) from dual ;
1.2 MySQL的concat函数在连接字符串的时候,只要其中一个是NULL , 那么将返回NULL
mysql > select concat ( '11' , '22' , null );
+------------------------+
| concat ( '11' , '22' , null ) |
+------------------------+
| NULL |
+------------------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
而Oracle的concat函数连接的时候,只要有一个字符串不是NULL , 就不会返回NULL
SQL > select concat ( '11' , NULL ) from dual ;
CONCAT
--
11
2、concat_ws () 函数 , 表示concat with separator , 即有分隔符的字符串连接
如连接后以逗号分隔
mysql > select concat_ws ( ',' , '11' , '22' , '33' );
+-------------------------------+
| concat_ws ( ',' , '11' , '22' , '33' ) |
+-------------------------------+
| 11 , 22 , 33 |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
和concat不同的是 , concat_ws函数在执行的时候 , 不会因为NULL值而返回NULL
mysql > select concat_ws ( ',' , '11' , '22' , NULL );
+-------------------------------+
| concat_ws ( ',' , '11' , '22' , NULL ) |
+-------------------------------+
| 11 , 22 |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
3、group_concat () 可用来行转列 , Oracle没有这样的函数
完整的语法如下
group_concat ([ DISTINCT ] 要连接的字段 [ Order BY ASC / DESC 排序字段 ] [ Separator '分隔符' ])
如下例子
mysql > select * from aa ;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | 10 |
| 1 | 20 |
| 1 | 20 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 200 |
| 3 | 500 |
+------+------+
6 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
3.1 以id分组,把name字段的值打印在一行,逗号分隔 ( 默认 )
mysql > select id , group_concat ( name ) from aa group by id ;
+------+--------------------+
| id | group_concat ( name ) |
+------+--------------------+
| 1 | 10 , 20 , 20 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 200 , 500 |
+------+--------------------+
3 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
3.2 以id分组,把name字段的值打印在一行,分号分隔
mysql > select id , group_concat ( name separator ';' ) from aa group by id ;
+------+----------------------------------+
| id | group_concat ( name separator ';' ) |
+------+----------------------------------+
| 1 | 10 ; 20 ; 20 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 200 ; 500 |
+------+----------------------------------+
3 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
3.3 以id分组,把去冗余的name字段的值打印在一行,逗号分隔
mysql > select id , group_concat ( distinct name ) from aa group by id ;
+------+-----------------------------+
| id | group_concat ( distinct name ) |
+------+-----------------------------+
| 1 | 10 , 20 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 200 , 500 |
+------+-----------------------------+
3 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
3.4 以id分组,把name字段的值打印在一行,逗号分隔 , 以name排倒序
mysql > select id , group_concat ( name order by name desc ) from aa group by id ;
+------+---------------------------------------+
| id | group_concat ( name order by name desc ) |
+------+---------------------------------------+
| 1 | 20 , 20 , 10 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 500 , 200 |
+------+---------------------------------------+
3 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
4、repeat () 函数,用来复制字符串 , 如下 'ab' 表示要复制的字符串,2表示复制的份数
mysql > select repeat ( 'ab' , 2 );
+----------------+
| repeat ( 'ab' , 2 ) |
+----------------+
| abab |
+----------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
又如
mysql > select repeat ( 'a' , 2 );
+---------------+
| repeat ( 'a' , 2 ) |
+---------------+
| aa |
+---------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
原文地址:http://blog.54master.com/index.php/316158/viewspace-20836
MySQL的几个实用字符串函数
1、concat () 函数1.1 MySQL的concat函数可以连接一个或者多个字符串 , 如
mysql > select concat ( '10' );
+--------------+
| concat ( '10' ) |
+--------------+
| 10 |
+--------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
mysql > select concat ( '11' , '22' , '33' );
+------------------------+
| concat ( '11' , '22' , '33' ) |
+------------------------+
| 112233 |
+------------------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
而Oracle的concat函数只能连接两个字符串
SQL > select concat ( '11' , '22' ) from dual ;
1.2 MySQL的concat函数在连接字符串的时候,只要其中一个是NULL , 那么将返回NULL
mysql > select concat ( '11' , '22' , null );
+------------------------+
| concat ( '11' , '22' , null ) |
+------------------------+
| NULL |
+------------------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
而Oracle的concat函数连接的时候,只要有一个字符串不是NULL , 就不会返回NULL
SQL > select concat ( '11' , NULL ) from dual ;
CONCAT
--
11
2、concat_ws () 函数 , 表示concat with separator , 即有分隔符的字符串连接
如连接后以逗号分隔
mysql > select concat_ws ( ',' , '11' , '22' , '33' );
+-------------------------------+
| concat_ws ( ',' , '11' , '22' , '33' ) |
+-------------------------------+
| 11 , 22 , 33 |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
和concat不同的是 , concat_ws函数在执行的时候 , 不会因为NULL值而返回NULL
mysql > select concat_ws ( ',' , '11' , '22' , NULL );
+-------------------------------+
| concat_ws ( ',' , '11' , '22' , NULL ) |
+-------------------------------+
| 11 , 22 |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
3、group_concat () 可用来行转列 , Oracle没有这样的函数
完整的语法如下
group_concat ([ DISTINCT ] 要连接的字段 [ Order BY ASC / DESC 排序字段 ] [ Separator '分隔符' ])
如下例子
mysql > select * from aa ;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | 10 |
| 1 | 20 |
| 1 | 20 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 200 |
| 3 | 500 |
+------+------+
6 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
3.1 以id分组,把name字段的值打印在一行,逗号分隔 ( 默认 )
mysql > select id , group_concat ( name ) from aa group by id ;
+------+--------------------+
| id | group_concat ( name ) |
+------+--------------------+
| 1 | 10 , 20 , 20 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 200 , 500 |
+------+--------------------+
3 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
3.2 以id分组,把name字段的值打印在一行,分号分隔
mysql > select id , group_concat ( name separator ';' ) from aa group by id ;
+------+----------------------------------+
| id | group_concat ( name separator ';' ) |
+------+----------------------------------+
| 1 | 10 ; 20 ; 20 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 200 ; 500 |
+------+----------------------------------+
3 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
3.3 以id分组,把去冗余的name字段的值打印在一行,逗号分隔
mysql > select id , group_concat ( distinct name ) from aa group by id ;
+------+-----------------------------+
| id | group_concat ( distinct name ) |
+------+-----------------------------+
| 1 | 10 , 20 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 200 , 500 |
+------+-----------------------------+
3 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
3.4 以id分组,把name字段的值打印在一行,逗号分隔 , 以name排倒序
mysql > select id , group_concat ( name order by name desc ) from aa group by id ;
+------+---------------------------------------+
| id | group_concat ( name order by name desc ) |
+------+---------------------------------------+
| 1 | 20 , 20 , 10 |
| 2 | 20 |
| 3 | 500 , 200 |
+------+---------------------------------------+
3 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
4、repeat () 函数,用来复制字符串 , 如下 'ab' 表示要复制的字符串,2表示复制的份数
mysql > select repeat ( 'ab' , 2 );
+----------------+
| repeat ( 'ab' , 2 ) |
+----------------+
| abab |
+----------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
又如
mysql > select repeat ( 'a' , 2 );
+---------------+
| repeat ( 'a' , 2 ) |
+---------------+
| aa |
+---------------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )