图灵奖的极简介绍

图灵奖是计算机界前进的重要风向标，这里列出了历届图灵奖获得者的演讲稿，有些有中文试译。我们从受奖人的经历中大致可以看出，图灵奖所授予的人物确实都是计算机界有杰出贡献的人士。极简名单如下：

 

1966 年图灵奖得主：

alan jay perlis

For his influence in the area of advanced programming techniques and compiler construction.

由于他在高级编程技术和编译器构造领域的影响力而获得1966年图灵奖。

ACM 对Perlis的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/perlis_0132439.cfm

                    另见 单博炜先生的博文《 1966年图灵奖得主--艾伦·佩利》

演讲稿：《算法系统的综合》The Synthesis of Algorithmic System 

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p1-perlis.pdf

         试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-517704.html

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1967年图灵奖得主：

MAURICE V.WILKES

Professor Wilkes is best known as the builder and designer of the EDSAC, the first computer with an internally stored program. Built in 1949, the EDSAC used a mercury delay line memory. He is also known as the author, with Wheeler and Gill, of a volume on "Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers" in 1951, in which program libraries were effectively introduced.

Wilkes 教授是众所周知的EDSAC（构建于1949年的第一台有内部存储程序的计算机）的设计设和构建者。同时也是《Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computers》的作者，其中引入了程序库的概念，获1967年图灵奖。

ACM 对 WILKES 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/perlis_0132439.cfm 

演讲稿：《那时和现在的计算机》 Computers Then and Now

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p1-wilkes.pdf

         试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-511317.html

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1968年图灵奖得主：

RICHARD W.HAMMING

For his work on numerical methods, automatic coding systems, and error-detecting and error-correcting codes.

由于他在数值方法，自动编码系统和错误检测以及错误校验码上的贡献而获得1968年图灵奖。

ACM 对 Richard Hamming  介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hamming_1000652.cfm

演讲稿：《一个人对计算机科学的观点》 One man's view of computer science

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p3-hamming.pdf

         试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-478358.html

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1969年图灵奖得主：

Marvin Minsky

For his central role in creating, shaping, promoting, and advancing the field of Artificial Intelligence.

由于他在人工智能领域所扮演的重要角色而获奖。

ACM 对  Marvin Minsky 的 介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/minsky_7440781.cfm

演讲稿：《计算机科学的形式和内容》 Form and Content in Computer Science  

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p197-minsky.pdf

         试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-483737.html

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1970年图灵奖得主：

JAMES HARDY WILKINSON

For his research in numerical analysis to facilitiate the use of the high-speed digital computer, having received special recognition for his work in computations in linear algebra and "backward" error analysis.

由于他对 数值分析的研究 帮助了高速数字计算机的使用而获得1970年图灵奖。

ACM 对  J.H. Wilkinson  的 介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wilkinson_0671216.cfm

演讲稿：《来自一个数值分析师的一些评论》 Some Comments from a Numerical Analyst  

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p137-wilkinson.pdf

         试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-519901.html

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1971年图灵奖得主：

JOHN MACCARTHY

Dr. McCarthy's lecture "The Present State of Research on Artificial Intellegence" is a topic that covers the area in which he has achieved considerable recognition for his work.

由于他的演讲课程“人工智能的研究现状”而获得1971年图灵奖

ACM 对  John McCarthy  的 介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/mccarthy_0239596.cfm

演讲稿：《人工智能中的一般性》  GENERALITY IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

         原文见： http://www-formal.stanford.edu/jmc/generality/generality.html

         试译稿见： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=449420&do=blog&quickforward=1&id=522206

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1972年图灵奖得主：

EDSGER WYBE DIJKSTRA

For fundamental contributions to programming as a high, intellectual challenge; for eloquent insistence and practical demonstration that programs should be composed correctly, not just debugged into correctness; for illuminating perception of problems at the foundations of program design.

由于在将编程作为一种高度的智力性挑战中 他所做的 基础性贡献；由于雄辩的主张程序应当构建时就是正确的，而不是通过调试让其变得正确；由于在编程设计的基础上阐明了对问题的感知，所以他获得1972年图灵奖。

ACM 对  E.W. Dijkstra  的 介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/dijkstra_1053701.cfm

演讲稿：《谦卑的程序员》  GENERALITY IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

         原文见： http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~EWD/transcriptions/EWD03xx/EWD340.html

         试译稿见： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-501147.html

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1973年图灵奖得主：

CHARLES W.BACHMAN

For his outstanding contributions to database technology.

由于他对数据库技术的杰出贡献而获得1973年图灵奖。

ACM 对  Charles W. Bachman  的 介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/bachman_1896680.cfm

演讲稿：《作为领航人的程序员》 The Programmer as Navigator

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p653-bachman.pdf

         试译稿见： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-534863.html

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1974年图灵奖得主：

Donald E.Knuth（高德纳）

For his major contributions to the analysis of algorithms and the design of programming languages, and in particular for his contributions to the "art of computer programming" through his well-known books in a continuous series by this title.

由于他对算法分析以及编程语言的主要贡献，特别是由于他对计算机编程艺术通过同名系列著作而表现出的贡献而获得1974年图灵奖。

ACM 对 高德纳  的 介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/knuth_1013846.cfm

演讲稿：《作为一种艺术的计算机编程》  Computer Programming as an Art

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p667-knuth.pdf

         试译稿见： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-528378.html

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1975年图灵奖得主：

HERBERT ALEXANDER SIMON（司马贺）和 ALLEN NEWELL

In joint scientific efforts extending over twenty years, initially in collaboration with J. C. Shaw at the RAND Corporation, and subsequentially with numerous faculty and student collegues at Carnegie-Mellon University, Simon and co-recipient Allen Newell made basic contributions to artificial intelligence, the psychology of human cognition, and list processing.

由于他们两人对人工智能、人类认知心理、表处理所作出的 超过二十年共同科学努力而来的 基础性贡献，获得1975年图灵奖。

ACM 对 司马贺 的介绍，详见   http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/simon_1031467.cfm

    对 ALLEN NEWELL 的 介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/newell_3167755.cfm

    

演讲稿：《作为经验探究的计算机科学：符号和查询》 Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p113-newell.pdf

         试译稿见： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-495289.html

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1976年图灵奖得主：

MICHAEL O.RABIN 和 DANA S SCOTT

For their joint paper "Finite Automata and Their Decision Problem," which introduced the idea of nondeterministic machines, which has proved to be an enormously valuable concept. Their (Scott & Rabin) classic paper has been a continuous source of inspiration for subsequent work in this field.

由于他们的共同论文《有限自动机和其决策问题》引入了非确定性机器的观念，其被证明是一个非常有用的概念。所以他们获得1976年图灵奖。

ACM 对 MICHAEL O.RABIN 的介绍，详见   http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rabin_9681074.cfm

    对 DANA S SCOTT  的 介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/scott_1193622.cfm

    

RABIN 的演讲稿：《计算复杂性》 Complexity of Computations

        原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p625-rabin.pdf

        试译稿： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-505605.html

SCOTT 的演讲稿：《逻辑和编程语言》Logic and programming language

        原文见： http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1290000/1283932/a1976-scott.pdf?ip=122.224.228.133&acc=OPEN&CFID=99167021&CFTOKEN=93307469&__acm__=1335355819_34edeb00972ce393775fe9c26363a63d 

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1977年图灵奖得主：

JOHN BACKUS

For profound, influential, and lasting contributions to the design of practical high-level programming systems, notably through his work on FORTRAN, and for seminal publication of formal procedures for the specification of programming languages.

由于他对高级语言系统设计的持续基本性的贡献，尤其是通过他对FORTRAN的工作，及对编程语言就形式化过程而言的开创性论文的规范说明而获得1977年图灵奖。

ACM 对 JOHN BACKUS 的介绍，详见   http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/backus_0703524.cfm

演讲稿：《编程可以从冯诺依曼风格解放出来么》Can Programming Be Liberated from the von Neumann Style?

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p613-backus.pdf

         部分试译稿见： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-537385.html

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1978年图灵奖得主：

ROBERT W.FLOYD

For having a clear influence on methodologies for the creation of efficient and reliable software, and for helping to found the following important subfields of computer science: the theory of parsing, the semantics of programming languages, automatic program verification, automatic program synthesis, and analysis of algorithms.

由于对形成有效可靠软件有一个清晰的方法论上的影响，并由于建立了计算机科学中以下重要的子领域：解析理论，编程语言的语义，自动程序验证，自动程序合成，算法分析，所以获得1978年图灵奖。

ACM 对 ROBERT W.FLOYD 的介绍，详见   http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/floyd_3720707.cfm

演讲稿：《编程范式》The Paradigms of Programming

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p455-floyd.pdf

         试译稿见： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-509026.html

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1979年图灵奖得主：

KENNETH E. IVERSON

For his pioneering effort in programming languages and mathematical notation resulting in what the computing field now knows as APL, for his contributions to the implementation of interactive systems, to educational uses of APL, and to programming language theory and practice.

他在计算机领域中 由于 编程语言和数学概念所导致的APL语言的开拓性努力，以及由于他对实现交互系统的贡献，获得了1979年图灵奖。

ACM 对 KENNETH E. IVERSON 的介绍，详见   http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/iverson_9147499.cfm

演讲稿：《作为思考工具的符号 》Notation as a Tool of Thought

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p444-iverson.pdf

         前言部分试译稿见： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-540892.html

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1980年图灵奖得主：

C. ANTONY R.HOARE

For his fundamental contributions to the definition and design of programming languages.

由于他对编程语言的设计和定义所作的基础性贡献而获得1980年图灵奖。

ACM 对 C. ANTONY R.HOARE 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hoare_4622167.cfm

演讲稿：《皇帝的旧衣》 The Emperor’s Old Clothes

         原文见： http://thor.cs.ucsb.edu/~ravenben/papers/coreos/Hoa81.pdf

         试译稿见： http://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-532739.html

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1981年图灵奖得主：

EDGAR F.CODD

For his fundamental and continuing contributions to the theory and practice of database management systems.

由于他对数据库管理系统的实践及理论所做的基础性及持续性贡献而获得1981年图灵奖。

ACM 对 EDGAR F.CODD 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/codd_1000892.cfm

演讲稿：《关系型数据库：生产力的一种实践性基础》Relational database: a practical foundation for productivity

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p109-codd.pdf

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1982年图灵奖得主：

STEPHEN A COOK

For his advancement of our understanding of the complexity of computation in a significant and profound way. His seminal paper, "The Complexity of Theorem Proving Procedures," presented at the 1971 ACM SIGACT Symposium on the Theory of Computing, laid the foundations for the theory of NP-Completeness. The ensuing exploration of the boundaries and nature of NP-complete class of problems has been one of the most active and important research activities in computer science for the last decade. 

由于他在1971年的ACM 自动机与可计算理论组 SIGACT 关于计算理论的讨论会上，通过提出的文献《定理证明过程的复杂性》为NP完全性理论设立了基础中，以显著而深刻的方式提升了大家对计算复杂性的理解而获1982年图灵奖。

ACM 对 STEPHEN A COOK   的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cook_n991950.cfm

演讲稿：《计算复杂性概览 》 AN OVERVIEW OF COMPUTATIONAL COMPLEXITY

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p400-cook.pdf

 试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-540979.html

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1983年图灵奖得主：

DENNIS M.RITCHIE 和 KENNETH LANE THOMPSON

For their development of generic operating systems theory and specifically for the implementation of the UNIX operating system.

因为他们发展了一般操作系统理论，且特别的，实现了UNIX操作系统，授予 Ken Thompson 和 Dennis M. Ritchie 1983年图灵奖

ACM 对 Dennis M. Ritchie 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/ritchie_1506389.cfm

    对 Ken Thompson 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thompson_4588371.cfm

Ken Thompson的演讲稿：《对信任的反思》Reflections on Trusting Trust

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p761-thompson.pdf

Dennis M. Ritchie 的演讲稿：《对软件研究的反思》 Reflections on Software  Research

          原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p758-ritchie.pdf 

 试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-503022.html

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1984年图灵奖得主：

NIKLAUS E. WIRTH

For developing a sequence of innovative computer languages, EULER, ALGOL-W, MODULA and PASCAL. PASCAL has become pedagogically significant and has provided a foundation for future computer language, systems, and architectural research.

因为开发了一系列创新性的计算机语言， EULER, ALGOL-W, MODULA 和 PASCAL，其中 PASCAL  在教学上变得日益重要，为未来的计算机语言、系统和体系的研究提供了基础，所以授予NE.WIRTH 1984年图灵奖。

ACM 对 NE.WIRTH的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/wirth_1025774.cfm

演讲稿：《迈向实时编程原则 》Toward a Dicipline of realtime programming

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p577-wirth.pdf

 试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-512969.html

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1985年图灵奖得主：

RICHARD MANNING KARP

For his continuing contributions to the theory of algorithms including the development of efficient algorithms for network flow and other combinatorial optimization problems, the identification of polynomial-time computability with the intuitive notion of algorithmic efficiency, and, most notably, contributions to the theory of NP-completeness. Karp introduced the now standard methodology for proving problems to be NP-complete which has led to the identification of many theoretical and practical problems as being computationally difficult.

由于他包括了对网络流的有效算法和其它组合优化问题进行开发 的算法理论之贡献， 尤其是对 NP完全性理论的贡献 而获得1985 年图灵奖。

ACM 对 RM KARP 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/karp_3256708.cfm

演讲稿：《组合数学，复杂性及随机》COMBINATORICS, COMPLEXITY, AND  RANDOMNESS 

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p98-karp.pdf

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1986年图灵奖得主：

JOHN E HOPCROFT 和  ROBERT E TARJAN

For fundamental achievements in the design and analysis of algorithms and data structures.

因为对算法和数据结构的分析设计领域中所做的基础性贡献而获得1986 年图灵奖。

ACM 对 JOHN E HOPCROFT 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hopcroft_1053917.cfm

    对  ROBERT E TARJAN   的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/tarjan_1092048.cfm

ROBERT E TARJAN 的演讲稿：《算法设计》ALGORITHM DESIGN

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p204-tarjan.pdf

 试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-535756.html

JOHN E HOPCROFT的演讲稿：《计算机科学：一门浮现上来的学科》 COMPUTER SCIENCE:  THE EMERGENCE OF A DISCIPLINE

          原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p198-hopcroft.pdf

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1987年图灵奖得主：

JOHN COCKE

For significant contributions in the design and theory of compilers, the architecture of large systems and the development of reduced instruction set computers (RISC); for discovering and systematizing many fundamental transformations now used in optimizing compilers including reduction of operator strength, elimination of common subexpressions, register allocation, constant propagation, and dead code elimination.

由于其对编译器的理论和设计，大系统体系结构，及精简指令集 计算机（RISC ）开发上 的显著贡献；由于发现了现今使用在对包括了“减化运算符长度，对子程式表达式的消除，常量传播，死码消除”的编译器优化中的将许多基本转换，并对其作了系统化，所以获得1987 年图灵奖。

ACM 对  JOHN COCKE 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cocke_2083115.cfm

演讲稿：《科学处理器中的查询性能》THE SEARCH FOR PERFORMANCE IN SCIENTIFIC PROCESSORS 

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p250-cocke.pdf

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1988年图灵奖得主：

IVAN SUTHERLAND

For his pioneering and visionary contributions to computer graphics, starting with Sketchpad, and continuing after.

由于他对计算机图形学的开拓性及有见地的贡献而获得1988年图灵奖。

ACM 对  IVAN SUTHERLAND  的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sutherland_3467412.cfm

演讲稿：《微型流水线》 MllCROlPlPELlNES

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p720-sutherland.pdf

 试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-515180.html

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1989年图灵奖得主：

WILLIAM KAHAN

For his fundamental contributions to numerical analysis. One of the foremost experts on floating-point computations. Kahan has dedicated himself to "making the world safe for numerical computations

由于他对数值分析所做的基础性贡献，获得1989 年图灵奖。

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1990年图灵奖得主：

FERNADO J CORBATO

For his pioneering work organizing the concepts and leading the development of the general-purpose, large-scale, time-sharing and resource-sharing computer systems, CTSS and Multics.

由于他在组织通用、大规模、分时和资源共享的兼容分时系统  CTSS  和 Multics 上的开拓性工作，获得1990年图灵奖。

ACM 对  FERNADO J CORBATO  的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/corbato_1009471.cfm

演讲稿：《关于将会失效的构建系统》On building systems that will fail

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p72-corbato.pdf

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1991年图灵奖得主：

ROBIN MILNER

For three distinct and complete achievements:

1. LCF, the mechanization of Scott's Logic of Computable Functions, probably the first theoretically based yet practical tool for machine assisted proof construction;
2. ML, the first language to include polymorphic type inference together with a type-safe exception-handling mechanism;
3. CCS, a general theory of concurrency.

In addition, he formulated and strongly advanced full abstraction, the study of the relationship between operational and denotational semantics.

由于三个独立完整的成就：

1. LCF， Scott的逻辑可计算函数机制，就机器辅助的证明构造而言，可能是第一个基于理论但尚未实践的工具；
2. ML，第一门带有类型安全的异常处理机制的，包含了多态类型推理的语言；
3. CCS，并发的一种通用理论。

以及他明确表达并强烈建议完全抽象，以及对介于操作和指示之间的关系之研究，而获得1991年图灵奖。

ACM 对  ROBIN MILNER   的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/milner_1569367.cfm

演讲稿：《交互元素》Elements of interaction

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p78-milner.pdf

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1992年图灵奖得主：

BUTLER W LAMPSON

For contributions to the development of distributed, personal computing environments and the technology for their implementation: workstations, networks, operating systems, programming systems, displays, security and document publishing.

由于他对发展分布式、个人计算机环境和它们实现的技术“工作站，网络，操作系统，编程语言，展示，安全和文档发布”上的贡献而获得1992年图灵奖。

ACM 对  BUTLER W LAMPSON  的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/lampson_1142421.cfm

演讲稿：《计算机系统设计原理》 Principles for Computer System Design

         原文见： http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/2160000/2159562/lampson_1992.pdf?ip=122.224.228.133&acc=OPEN&CFID=79102984&CFTOKEN=65571331&__acm__=1335410177_43b5817686783c75fd1bc83909649cef

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1993年图灵奖得主：

JURIS HARTMANIS 和 RICHARD E STEARNS

In recognition of their seminal paper which established the foundations for the field of computational complexity theory.

由于他们种子般的论文，建立起了计算复杂性理论领域的基础，而获得1993 年图灵奖。

ACM 对 JURIS HARTMANIS 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/hartmanis_1059260.cfm

    对  RICHARD E STEARNS 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/stearns_1081900.cfm

ROBERT E TARJAN 的演讲稿：

        《关于计算复杂性和计算机科学的性质》on computational complexity and the nature of computer science

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p37-hartmanis.pdf

ROBERT E TARJAN 的演讲稿：

        《现在重新考虑时间是合适的》it's time to reconsider time

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p95-stearns.pdf

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1994年图灵奖得主：

ED FEIGENBAUM  和  RAJ REDDY

For pioneering the design and construction of large scale artificial intelligence systems, demonstrating the practical importance and potential commercial impact of artificial intelligence technology.

由于开拓性的设计和构造大规模人工智能系统，展示了实践上的重要性和人工智能技术潜在的商业影响而获得1994年图灵奖。

ACM 对  ED FEIGENBAUM  的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/feigenbaum_4167235.cfm

    对  RAJ REDDY 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/reddy_6247682.cfm

ED FEIGENBAUM 的演讲稿：

        《如何把“什么”变为“如何” 》How the “What“ Becomes the “How“

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p97-feigenbaum.pdf

 试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-486997.html

RAJ REDDY 的演讲稿：

        《梦可梦之梦 》To Dream The Possible Dream

         原文见： http://www.rr.cs.cmu.edu/turing.htm

 试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-492091.html

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1995年图灵奖得主：

Manuel Blum

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1996年图灵奖得主：

AMIR PNUELI

For seminal work introducing temporal logic into computing science and for outstanding contributions to program and system verification.

由于原创性的工作将时序逻辑引入到计算机科学中，并由于对程序和系统验证的杰出贡献，获得1996年 图灵奖。

ACM 对  AMIR PNUELI  的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/pnueli_4725172.cfm

演讲稿：《验证工程学：一种未来的专业》Verification engineering: a future profession

         原文见： http://www.jdl.ac.cn/turing/pdf/p7-pnueli.pdf

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1997年图灵奖得主：

Douglas Engelbart

注：关于这位计算机领域的发明家，参见其在1962年写的《人的智力扩展：一个概念性框架》

             原文见：  AUGMENTING HUMAN INTELLECT: A Conceptual Framework

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1998年图灵奖得主：

JIM GRAY

For seminal contributions to database and transaction processing research and technical leadership in system implementation.

由于其对数据库和事物处理研究的原生性贡献，以及在系统实施时的技术领导风范而获得1998 年图灵奖。

ACM 对  JIM GRAY 的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/gray_3649936.cfm

演讲稿：《来者为何？——多个信息技术研究目标 》 What Next? A Dozen Information-Technology Research Goals

         原文见： http://arxiv.org/ftp/cs/papers/9911/9911005.pdf

 试译稿见： http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/blog-449420-501611.html

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1999年图灵奖得主：

Fredrick P. Bro o ks Jr

For landmark contributions to computer architecture, operating systems,  and software engineering.

由于其对计算机体系结构，操作系统及软件工程的杰出贡献而获得1999年图灵奖。

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2000年图灵奖得主：

姚期智

In recognition of his fundamental contributions to the theory of computation, including the complexity-based theory of pseudorandom number generation, cryptography, and communication complexity.
由于他对包括了“基于复杂性理论的伪随即码生成，密码学，通讯复杂性 ” 的计算理论的基本贡献得到理解，授予2000年图灵奖。

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2001年图灵奖得主：

Kristen Nygaard

For ideas fundamental to the emergence of object oriented programming, through their design of the programming languages Simula I and Simula 67。
由于对面向对象编程的诸根本观念，通过他们设计的编程语言Simula I 和  Simula 67 体现了出来，因此获得2001年图灵奖。

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2002年图灵奖得主：

Adleman Leonard M 和 Rivest.Ronald L 和 Shamir Adi

 For their ingenious contribution for making public-key cryptography useful in practice.
由于他们对公钥密码在实践中创造性的使用贡献，而获得2002年图灵奖

 

ACM 对  Adleman Leonard M 的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/adleman_7308544.cfm   

    对   Rivest.Ronald L  的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm 

    对   Shamir Adi  的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/rivest_1403005.cfm 

Adleman Leonard M 的演讲视频：

        《RSA以前的日子：历史和教训》 Pre-RSA Days: History and Lessons

Rivest.Ronald L 的演讲视频：

        《RSA的早期：历史和教训》The Eary Days of RSA: History and Lessons

Shamir Adi 的演讲视频：

        《密码学：状态的科学》Cryptography: State of the science

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2003年图灵奖得主：

Alan Kay

For pioneering many of the ideas at the root of contemporary object-oriented programming languages, leading the team that developed Smalltalk, and for fundamental contributions to personal computing. 
由于开拓了当代面向对象编程语言的许多观念之根源，带领了团队来开发 Smalltalk， 并对个人计算机做了基础性贡献，获得2003年图灵奖。

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2004年图灵奖得主：

Vinton G. Cerf 和  Robert E.Kahn

For pioneering work on internetworking, including the design and implementation of the Internet's basic communications protocols, TCP/IP, and for inspired leadership in networking .
由于在互联网络上的开拓性工作，包含了分析和设计英特网的基本通讯协议 TCP/IP , 授予他们 2004年图灵奖。

ACM 对  Vinton G. Cerf 的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/cerf_1083211.cfm

     对 Robert E.Kahn 的介绍， 详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/kahn_4598637.cfm 

演讲视频：《评估英特网：习得的教训，进化的策略，未来的可能性》

                     Assessing the Internet: Lessons Learned, Strategies for Evolution, and Future Possibilities

译注：  参见两位本年图灵奖获得作者于1973年共同发表的《一个包网络通讯协议》，

              原文 A Protocol for Packet Network Intercommunication

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2005年图灵奖得主：

Peter Naur

For fundamental contributions to programming language design and the definition of Algol 60, to compiler design, and to the art and practice of computer programming.
由于对编程语言设计的基础性贡献，及对Algol 60 的定义，编译器设计，以及对计算机编程的艺术实践的贡献，获得2005年图灵奖。

ACM 对 Peter Naur 的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/naur_1024454.cfm

演讲主题： 《计算VS 人类思考》  Computing vs. Human Thinking

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2006年图灵奖得主：

FRANCES ALLEN

For pioneering contributions to the theory and practice of optimizing compiler techniques that laid the foundation for modern optimizing compilers and automatic parallel execution.
由于她对优化编译器技术理论和实践的开拓性贡献，为现代优化编译器和自动并行执行奠定了基础，授予2006年图灵奖。

ACM 对 FRANCES ALLEN 的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/allen_1012327.cfm

演讲主题： 《编译性能：一趟个人之旅》 Compiling for Performance: A Personal Tour

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2007年图灵奖得主：

Clarke Edmund Melson 和 Emerson E Allen 和 Sifakis Joseph

Together with E. Allen Emerson and Joseph Sifakis, for their role in developing Model-Checking into a highly effective verification technology that is widely adopted in the hardware and software industries. 
由于他们在“将模型校验发展到那种广泛被采用在软硬件工业中的高效校验技术”中所扮演的角色，授予他们2007年图灵奖。

ACM 对  Clarke Edmund Melson  的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/clarke_1167964.cfm

    对  Emerson E Allen  的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/emerson_1671460.cfm

    对  Sifakis Joseph  的介绍，详见  http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/sifakis_1701095.cfm 

Melson 的演讲主题： 《模型校验：我对克服状态暴露问题的27年之追寻》

                    Model checking: my 27-year quest to overcome the state explosion problem

Allen 的演讲主题： 《模型校验：一种个人的观点》

                  Model checking: A Personal Perspective

Joseph的演讲主题： 《越过验证追寻正确性》

                  The Quest for Correctness Beyond Verification

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2008年图灵奖得主：

Liskov Barbara

For contributions to practical and theoretical foundations of programming language and system design, especially related to data abstraction, fault tolerance, and distributed computing.
由于她对编程语言和系统设计的实践和理论上的基础所做的贡献，特别对于数据抽象，容错和分布式计算所作出的贡献，授予2008年图灵奖。

ACM 对 Liskov Barbara 的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/liskov_1108679.cfm

演讲主题《抽象的力量》The Power of Abstraction

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2009年图灵奖得主：

Thacker Charles P

For the pioneering design and realization of the first modern personal computer -- the Alto at Xerox PARC -- and seminal inventions and contributions to local area networks (including the Ethernet), multiprocessor workstations, snooping cache coherence protocols, and tablet personal computers.

由于其领先的设计和是实现了第一台现代个人计算机 —— 在施乐 PARC 的 Alto ——且对局域网（包括了以太网）、多处理器工作站等的原生贡献，获得2009年图灵奖。

ACM 对  Thacker Charles P 的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/thacker_1336106.cfm

演讲稿：《通过总结过去发展未来》 Improving the future by examining the past: ACM Turing Award Lecture

视屏见：http://amturing.acm.org/vp/thacker_1336106.cfm

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2010年图灵奖得主：

Valiant Leslie G

For transformative contributions to the theory of computation, including the theory of probably approximately correct (PAC) learning, the complexity of enumeration and of algebraic computation, and the theory of parallel and distributed computing.

由于对包括了“可能近似正确（PAC）理论学习，代数计算的枚举复杂性，并行和分布计算理论 ”的计算理论的变革性贡献，获得2010年图灵奖。

ACM 对  Valiant Leslie G 的介绍，详见 http://amturing.acm.org/award_winners/valiant_2612174.cfm

演讲稿：《对自然的机械解释之扩展和限制》 The Extent and Limitations of Mechanistic Explanations of Nature

视屏见：http://amturing.acm.org/vp/valiant_2612174.cfm

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2011年图灵奖得主：

JUDEA PEARL

 

For fundamental contributions to artificial intelligence through the development of a calculus for probabilistic and causal reasoning.

由于对人工智能通过或然性积分和随机推理所作的基础性贡献，获得2011年图灵奖。

 

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