--正常阻塞的例子:
--创建一个测试表
create table test(a int)
go
--开启事务,插入数据
begin tran
insert test(a) values(1)
--注意没有提交或回滚事务
--此时,你用你上述语句是查询不到的,因为还没有发生阻塞
--而阻塞的产生是在这个时候
--开启一个新窗口,执行下面的语句
select * from test
--因为前面那个事务没有提交,此时,这个查询要等待第一个处理窗口的操作完成,此时,前面窗口中的处理就阻塞了本窗口的处理,只要前面窗口提交或回滚事务,本窗口的操作就可以正常进行. 这就是正常阻塞
--而死锁就是这种情况
设table1(A,B,C)
A B C
a1 b1 c1
a2 b2 c2
a3 b3 c3
table2(D,E)
D E
d1 e1
d2 e2
在第一个连接中执行以下语句
begin tran
update table1
set A='aa'
where B='b2'
waitfor delay '00:00:30'
update table2
set D='d5'
where E='e1'
commit tran
在第二个连接中执行以下语句
begin tran
update table2
set D='d5'
where E='e1'
waitfor delay '00:00:10'
update table1
set A='aa'
where B='b2'
commit tran
同时执行,系统会检测出死锁,并中止进程
检测:
1.查找出SQLServer的死锁和阻塞的源头
1)
use master
go
declare @spid int,@bl int
DECLARE s_cur CURSOR FOR
select 0 ,blocked
from (select * from sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) a
where not exists(select * from (select * from sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) b
where a.blocked=spid)
union select spid,blocked from sysprocesses where blocked>0
OPEN s_cur
FETCH NEXT FROM s_cur INTO @spid,@bl
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
begin
if @spid =0
select '引起数据库死锁的是: '+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) + '进程号,其执行的SQL语法如下'
else
select '进程号SPID:'+ CAST(@spid AS VARCHAR(10))+ '被' + '进程号SPID:'+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) +'阻塞,其当前进程执行的SQL语法如下'
DBCC INPUTBUFFER (@bl )
FETCH NEXT FROM s_cur INTO @spid,@bl
end
CLOSE s_cur
DEALLOCATE s_cur
exec sp_who2
2)
if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[sp_who_lock]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsProcedure') = 1)
drop procedure [dbo].[sp_who_lock]
GO
/***************************************************************************
// 创建 : fengyu 邮件 : maggiefengyu@tom.com 日期 :2004-04-30
// 修改 : 从http://www.csdn.net/develop/Read_Article.asp?id=26566学习到并改写
// 说明 : 查看数据库里阻塞和死锁情况
***************************************************************************/
use master
go
create procedure sp_who_lock
as
begin
declare @spid int,@bl int,
@intTransactionCountOnEntry int,
@intRowcount int,
@intCountProperties int,
@intCounter int
create table #tmp_lock_who (
id int identity(1,1),
spid smallint,
bl smallint)
IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR
insert into #tmp_lock_who(spid,bl) select 0 ,blocked
from (select * from sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) a
where not exists(select * from (select * from sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) b
where a.blocked=spid)
union select spid,blocked from sysprocesses where blocked>0
IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR
-- 找到临时表的记录数
select @intCountProperties = Count(*),@intCounter = 1
from #tmp_lock_who
IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR
if @intCountProperties=0
select '现在没有阻塞和死锁信息' as message
-- 循环开始
while @intCounter <= @intCountProperties
begin
-- 取第一条记录
select @spid = spid,@bl = bl
from #tmp_lock_who where Id = @intCounter
begin
if @spid =0
select '引起数据库死锁的是: '+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) + '进程号,其执行的SQL语法如下'
else
select '进程号SPID:'+ CAST(@spid AS VARCHAR(10))+ '被' + '进程号SPID:'+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) +'阻塞,其当前进程执行的SQL语法如下'
DBCC INPUTBUFFER (@bl )
end
-- 循环指针下移
set @intCounter = @intCounter + 1
end
drop table #tmp_lock_who
return 0
end
2.查看当前进程,或死锁进程,并能自动杀掉死进程
/*--处理死锁
查看当前进程,或死锁进程,并能自动杀掉死进程
因为是针对死的,所以如果有死锁进程,只能查看死锁进程
当然,你可以通过参数控制,不管有没有死锁,都只查看死锁进程
--邹建 2004.4--*/
/*--调用示例
exec p_lockinfo
--*/
create proc p_lockinfo
@kill_lock_spid bit=1, --是否杀掉死锁的进程,1 杀掉, 0 仅显示
@show_spid_if_nolock bit=1 --如果没有死锁的进程,是否显示正常进程信息,1 显示,0 不显示
as
declare @count int,@s nvarchar(1000),@i int
select id=identity(int,1,1),标志,
进程ID=spid,线程ID=kpid,块进程ID=blocked,数据库ID=dbid,
数据库名=db_name(dbid),用户ID=uid,用户名=loginame,累计CPU时间=cpu,
登陆时间=login_time,打开事务数=open_tran, 进程状态=status,
工作站名=hostname,应用程序名=program_name,工作站进程ID=hostprocess,
域名=nt_domain,网卡地址=net_address
into #t from(
select 标志='死锁的进程',
spid,kpid,a.blocked,dbid,uid,loginame,cpu,login_time,open_tran,
status,hostname,program_name,hostprocess,nt_domain,net_address,
s1=a.spid,s2=0
from master..sysprocesses a join (
select blocked from master..sysprocesses group by blocked
)b on a.spid=b.blocked where a.blocked=0
union all
select '|_牺牲品_>',
spid,kpid,blocked,dbid,uid,loginame,cpu,login_time,open_tran,
status,hostname,program_name,hostprocess,nt_domain,net_address,
s1=blocked,s2=1
from master..sysprocesses a where blocked<>0
)a order by s1,s2
select @count=@@rowcount,@i=1
if @count=0 and @show_spid_if_nolock=1
begin
insert #t
select 标志='正常的进程',
spid,kpid,blocked,dbid,db_name(dbid),uid,loginame,cpu,login_time,
open_tran,status,hostname,program_name,hostprocess,nt_domain,net_address
from master..sysprocesses
set @count=@@rowcount
end
if @count>0
begin
create table #t1(id int identity(1,1),a nvarchar(30),b Int,EventInfo nvarchar(255))
if @kill_lock_spid=1
begin
declare @spid varchar(10),@标志 varchar(10)
while @i<=@count
begin
select @spid=进程ID,@标志=标志 from #t where id=@i
insert #t1 exec('dbcc inputbuffer('+@spid+')')
if @标志='死锁的进程' exec('kill '+@spid)
set @i=@i+1
end
end
else
while @i<=@count
begin
select @s='dbcc inputbuffer('+cast(进程ID as varchar)+')' from #t where id=@i
insert #t1 exec(@s)
set @i=@i+1
end
select a.*,进程的SQL语句=b.EventInfo
from #t a join #t1 b on a.id=b.id
end
go