OpenCV3.3中给出了主成分分析(Principal Components Analysis, PCA)的实现,即cv::PCA类,类的声明在include/opencv2/core.hpp文件中,实现在modules/core/src/pca.cpp文件中,其中:
(1)、cv::PCA::PCA:构造函数;
(2)、cv::PCA::operator():函数调用运算符;
(3)、cv::PCA::project:将输入数据投影到PCA主成分空间;
(4)、cv::PCA::backProject:重建原始数据;
(5)、cv::PCA::write:将特征值、特征向量、均值写入指定的文件;
(6)、cv::PCA::read:从指定文件读入特征值、特征向量、均值;
(7)、cv::PCA::eigenvectors:协方差矩阵的特征向量;
(8)、cv::PCA::eigenvalues:协方差矩阵的特征值;
(9)、cv::PCA::mean:均值。
关于PCA的介绍可以参考: http://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/78977202
以下是使用ORL Faces Database作为测试图像。关于ORL Faces Database的介绍可以参考: http://blog.csdn.net/fengbingchun/article/details/79008891
测试代码如下:
#include "opencv.hpp"
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <memory>
#include <algorithm>
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <opencv2/ml.hpp>
#include "common.hpp"
// PCA(Principal Component Analysis) ///
int test_opencv_pca()
{
// reference: opencv-3.3.0/samples/cpp/pca.cpp
const std::string image_path{ "E:/GitCode/NN_Test/data/database/ORL_Faces/" };
const std::string image_name{ "1.pgm" };
std::vector<cv::Mat> images;
for (int i = 1; i <= 15; ++i) {
std::string name = image_path + "s" + std::to_string(i) + "/" + image_name;
cv::Mat mat = cv::imread(name, 0);
if (!mat.data) {
fprintf(stderr, "read image fail: %s\n", name.c_str());
return -1;
}
images.emplace_back(mat);
}
cv::Mat data(images.size(), images[0].rows * images[0].cols, CV_32FC1);
for (int i = 0; i < images.size(); ++i) {
cv::Mat image_row = images[i].clone().reshape(1, 1);
cv::Mat row_i = data.row(i);
image_row.convertTo(row_i, CV_32F);
}
cv::PCA pca(data, cv::Mat(), cv::PCA::DATA_AS_ROW, 0.95f);
std::vector<cv::Mat> result(images.size());
for (int i = 0; i < images.size(); ++i) {
// Demonstration of the effect of retainedVariance on the first image
cv::Mat point = pca.project(data.row(i)); // project into the eigenspace, thus the image becomes a "point"
cv::Mat reconstruction = pca.backProject(point); // re-create the image from the "point"
reconstruction = reconstruction.reshape(images[i].channels(), images[i].rows); // reshape from a row vector into image shape
cv::normalize(reconstruction, reconstruction, 0, 255, cv::NORM_MINMAX, CV_8UC1);
reconstruction.copyTo(result[i]);
}
save_images(result, "E:/GitCode/NN_Test/data/pca_result_.jpg", 5);
// save file
const std::string save_file{ "E:/GitCode/NN_Test/data/pca.xml" }; // .xml, .yaml, .jsons
cv::FileStorage fs(save_file, cv::FileStorage::WRITE);
pca.write(fs);
fs.release();
// read file
const std::string& read_file = save_file;
cv::FileStorage fs2(read_file, cv::FileStorage::READ);
cv::PCA pca2;
pca2.read(fs2.root());
fs2.release();
return 0;
}
结果图像如下:
GitHub: https://github.com/fengbingchun/NN_Test