作者：王大毛，和鲸社区
出处：https://www.kesci.com/home/project/5ddc974ef41512002cec1dca
修改：黄海广
Pandas 是基于 NumPy 的一种数据处理工具，该工具为了解决数据分析任务而创建。Pandas 纳入了大量库和一些标准的数据模型，提供了高效地操作大型数据集所需的函数和方法。这些练习着重DataFrame和Series对象的基本操作，包括数据的索引、分组、统计和清洗。
本文的代码可以到github下载：
https://github.com/fengdu78/Data-Science-Notes/tree/master/3.pandas/4.Pandas50
基本操作
1.导入 Pandas 库并简写为 pd，并输出版本号
import pandas as pd
pd.__version__
'0.22.0'
2. 从列表创建 Series
arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
df = pd.Series(arr) # 如果不指定索引，则默认从 0 开始
df
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
dtype: int64
3. 从字典创建 Series
d = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4,'e':5}
df = pd.Series(d)
df
a 1
b 2
c 3
d 4
e 5
dtype: int64
4. 从 NumPy 数组创建 DataFrame
import numpy as np
dates = pd.date_range('today', periods=6) # 定义时间序列作为 index
num_arr = np.random.randn(6, 4) # 传入 numpy 随机数组
columns = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'] # 将列表作为列名
df = pd.DataFrame(num_arr, index=dates, columns=columns)
df
| A | B | C | D |
|---|
| 2020-01-10 22:46:01.642021 | 0.277099 | 0.665053 | 0.882637 | -0.598895 |
|---|
| 2020-01-11 22:46:01.642021 | 0.365233 | -2.529804 | -0.699849 | 0.159623 |
|---|
| 2020-01-12 22:46:01.642021 | -0.831850 | -2.099049 | -0.976407 | -0.342800 |
|---|
| 2020-01-13 22:46:01.642021 | 0.680800 | 1.682999 | 0.144469 | -2.503013 |
|---|
| 2020-01-14 22:46:01.642021 | -0.413880 | 0.876169 | -1.047877 | 0.996865 |
|---|
| 2020-01-15 22:46:01.642021 | 1.373956 | 0.029732 | -0.549268 | -0.287584 |
|---|
5. 从CSV中创建 DataFrame，分隔符为“；”，编码格式为gbk
df = pd.read_csv('test.csv', encoding='gbk', sep=';')
6. 从字典对象创建DataFrame，并设置索引
import numpy as np
data = {
'animal':
['cat', 'cat', 'snake', 'dog', 'dog', 'cat', 'snake', 'cat', 'dog', 'dog'],
'age': [2.5, 3, 0.5, np.nan, 5, 2, 4.5, np.nan, 7, 3],
'visits': [1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1],
'priority':
['yes', 'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no']
}
labels = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j']
df = pd.DataFrame(data, index=labels)
df
| age | animal | priority | visits |
|---|
| a | 2.5 | cat | yes | 1 |
|---|
| b | 3.0 | cat | yes | 3 |
|---|
| c | 0.5 | snake | no | 2 |
|---|
| d | NaN | dog | yes | 3 |
|---|
| e | 5.0 | dog | no | 2 |
|---|
| f | 2.0 | cat | no | 3 |
|---|
| g | 4.5 | snake | no | 1 |
|---|
| h | NaN | cat | yes | 1 |
|---|
| i | 7.0 | dog | no | 2 |
|---|
| j | 3.0 | dog | no | 1 |
|---|
7. 显示df的基础信息，包括行的数量；列名；每一列值的数量、类型
df.info()
# 方法二
# df.describe()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Index: 10 entries, a to j
Data columns (total 4 columns):
age 8 non-null float64
animal 10 non-null object
priority 10 non-null object
visits 10 non-null int64
dtypes: float64(1), int64(1), object(2)
memory usage: 400.0+ bytes
8. 展示df的前3行
df.iloc[:3]
# 方法二
#df.head(3)
| age | animal | priority | visits |
|---|
| a | 2.5 | cat | yes | 1 |
|---|
| b | 3.0 | cat | yes | 3 |
|---|
| c | 0.5 | snake | no | 2 |
|---|
9. 取出df的animal和age列
df.loc[:, ['animal', 'age']]
# 方法二
# df[['animal', 'age']]
| animal | age |
|---|
| a | cat | 2.5 |
|---|
| b | cat | 3.0 |
|---|
| c | snake | 0.5 |
|---|
| d | dog | NaN |
|---|
| e | dog | 5.0 |
|---|
| f | cat | 2.0 |
|---|
| g | snake | 4.5 |
|---|
| h | cat | NaN |
|---|
| i | dog | 7.0 |
|---|
| j | dog | 3.0 |
|---|
10. 取出索引为[3, 4, 8]行的animal和age列
df.loc[df.index[[3, 4, 8]], ['animal', 'age']]
| animal | age |
|---|
| d | dog | NaN |
|---|
| e | dog | 5.0 |
|---|
| i | dog | 7.0 |
|---|
11. 取出age值大于3的行
df[df['age'] > 3]
| age | animal | priority | visits |
|---|
| e | 5.0 | dog | no | 2 |
|---|
| g | 4.5 | snake | no | 1 |
|---|
| i | 7.0 | dog | no | 2 |
|---|
12. 取出age值缺失的行
df[df['age'].isnull()]
| age | animal | priority | visits |
|---|
| d | NaN | dog | yes | 3 |
|---|
| h | NaN | cat | yes | 1 |
|---|
13.取出age在2,4间的行（不含）
df[(df['age']>2) & (df['age']>4)]
# 方法二
# df[df['age'].between(2, 4)]
| age | animal | priority | visits |
|---|
| e | 5.0 | dog | no | 2 |
|---|
| g | 4.5 | snake | no | 1 |
|---|
| i | 7.0 | dog | no | 2 |
|---|
14. f 行的age改为1.5
df.loc['f', 'age'] = 1.5
15. 计算visits的总和
df['visits'].sum()
19
16. 计算每个不同种类animal的age的平均数
df.groupby('animal')['age'].mean()
animal
cat 2.333333
dog 5.000000
snake 2.500000
Name: age, dtype: float64
17. 在df中插入新行k，然后删除该行
#插入
df.loc['k'] = [5.5, 'dog', 'no', 2]
# 删除
df = df.drop('k')
df
| age | animal | priority | visits |
|---|
| a | 2.5 | cat | yes | 1 |
|---|
| b | 3.0 | cat | yes | 3 |
|---|
| c | 0.5 | snake | no | 2 |
|---|
| d | NaN | dog | yes | 3 |
|---|
| e | 5.0 | dog | no | 2 |
|---|
| f | 1.5 | cat | no | 3 |
|---|
| g | 4.5 | snake | no | 1 |
|---|
| h | NaN | cat | yes | 1 |
|---|
| i | 7.0 | dog | no | 2 |
|---|
| j | 3.0 | dog | no | 1 |
|---|
18. 计算df中每个种类animal的数量
df['animal'].value_counts()
dog 4
cat 4
snake 2
Name: animal, dtype: int64
19. 先按age降序排列，后按visits升序排列
df.sort_values(by=['age', 'visits'], ascending=[False, True])
| age | animal | priority | visits |
|---|
| i | 7.0 | dog | no | 2 |
|---|
| e | 5.0 | dog | no | 2 |
|---|
| g | 4.5 | snake | no | 1 |
|---|
| j | 3.0 | dog | no | 1 |
|---|
| b | 3.0 | cat | yes | 3 |
|---|
| a | 2.5 | cat | yes | 1 |
|---|
| f | 1.5 | cat | no | 3 |
|---|
| c | 0.5 | snake | no | 2 |
|---|
| h | NaN | cat | yes | 1 |
|---|
| d | NaN | dog | yes | 3 |
|---|
20. 将priority列中的yes, no替换为布尔值True, False
df['priority'] = df['priority'].map({'yes': True, 'no': False})
df
| age | animal | priority | visits |
|---|
| a | 2.5 | cat | True | 1 |
|---|
| b | 3.0 | cat | True | 3 |
|---|
| c | 0.5 | snake | False | 2 |
|---|
| d | NaN | dog | True | 3 |
|---|
| e | 5.0 | dog | False | 2 |
|---|
| f | 1.5 | cat | False | 3 |
|---|
| g | 4.5 | snake | False | 1 |
|---|
| h | NaN | cat | True | 1 |
|---|
| i | 7.0 | dog | False | 2 |
|---|
| j | 3.0 | dog | False | 1 |
|---|
21. 将animal列中的snake替换为python
df['animal'] = df['animal'].replace('snake', 'python')
df
| age | animal | priority | visits |
|---|
| a | 2.5 | cat | True | 1 |
|---|
| b | 3.0 | cat | True | 3 |
|---|
| c | 0.5 | python | False | 2 |
|---|
| d | NaN | dog | True | 3 |
|---|
| e | 5.0 | dog | False | 2 |
|---|
| f | 1.5 | cat | False | 3 |
|---|
| g | 4.5 | python | False | 1 |
|---|
| h | NaN | cat | True | 1 |
|---|
| i | 7.0 | dog | False | 2 |
|---|
| j | 3.0 | dog | False | 1 |
|---|
22. 对每种animal的每种不同数量visits，计算平均age，即，返回一个表格，行是aniaml种类，列是visits数量，表格值是行动物种类列访客数量的平均年龄
df.pivot_table(index='animal', columns='visits', values='age', aggfunc='mean')
| visits | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|
| animal |
|
|
|
|---|
| cat | 2.5 | NaN | 2.25 |
|---|
| dog | 3.0 | 6.0 | NaN |
|---|
| python | 4.5 | 0.5 | NaN |
|---|
进阶操作
23. 有一列整数列A的DatraFrame，删除数值重复的行
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7]})
print(df)
df1 = df.loc[df['A'].shift() != df['A']]
# 方法二
# df1 = df.drop_duplicates(subset='A')
print(df1)
A
0 1
1 2
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 5
7 5
8 6
9 7
10 7
A
0 1
1 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
8 6
9 7
24. 一个全数值DatraFrame，每个数字减去该行的平均数
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random(size=(5, 3)))
print(df)
df1 = df.sub(df.mean(axis=1), axis=0)
print(df1)
0 1 2
0 0.465407 0.152497 0.861174
1 0.623682 0.627339 0.495652
2 0.835176 0.862376 0.693047
3 0.319698 0.306709 0.654063
4 0.234855 0.194232 0.438597
0 1 2
0 -0.027619 -0.340529 0.368148
1 0.041457 0.045115 -0.086572
2 0.038310 0.065509 -0.103819
3 -0.107125 -0.120114 0.227239
4 -0.054373 -0.094996 0.149368
25. 一个有5列的DataFrame，求哪一列的和最小
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random(size=(5, 5)), columns=list('abcde'))
print(df)
df.sum().idxmin()
a b c d e
0 0.653658 0.730994 0.223025 0.456730 0.288283
1 0.937546 0.640995 0.197359 0.671524 0.006035
2 0.392762 0.174955 0.053928 0.318634 0.464534
3 0.741499 0.197861 0.988105 0.633780 0.914250
4 0.469285 0.309043 0.162127 0.032480 0.863017
'c'
26. 给定DataFrame，求A列每个值的前3大的B的值的和
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': list('aaabbcaabcccbbc'),
'B': [12,345,3,1,45,14,4,52,54,23,235,21,57,3,87]})
print(df)
df1 = df.groupby('A')['B'].nlargest(3).sum(level=0)
print(df1)
A B
0 a 12
1 a 345
2 a 3
3 b 1
4 b 45
5 c 14
6 a 4
7 a 52
8 b 54
9 c 23
10 c 235
11 c 21
12 b 57
13 b 3
14 c 87
A
a 409
b 156
c 345
Name: B, dtype: int64
27. 给定DataFrame，有列A, B，A的值在1-100（含），对A列每10步长，求对应的B的和
df = pd.DataFrame({
'A': [1, 2, 11, 11, 33, 34, 35, 40, 79, 99],
'B': [1, 2, 11, 11, 33, 34, 35, 40, 79, 99]
})
print(df)
df1 = df.groupby(pd.cut(df['A'], np.arange(0, 101, 10)))['B'].sum()
print(df1)
A B
0 1 1
1 2 2
2 11 11
3 11 11
4 33 33
5 34 34
6 35 35
7 40 40
8 79 79
9 99 99
A
(0, 10] 3
(10, 20] 22
(20, 30] 0
(30, 40] 142
(40, 50] 0
(50, 60] 0
(60, 70] 0
(70, 80] 79
(80, 90] 0
(90, 100] 99
Name: B, dtype: int64
28. 给定DataFrame，计算每个元素至左边最近的0（或者至开头）的距离，生成新列y
df = pd.DataFrame({'X': [7, 2, 0, 3, 4, 2, 5, 0, 3, 4]})
# 方法一
x = (df['X'] != 0).cumsum()
y = x != x.shift()
df['Y'] = y.groupby((y != y.shift()).cumsum()).cumsum()
print(df)
X Y
0 7 1.0
1 2 2.0
2 0 0.0
3 3 1.0
4 4 2.0
5 2 3.0
6 5 4.0
7 0 0.0
8 3 1.0
9 4 2.0
# 方法二
df['Y'] = df.groupby((df['X'] == 0).cumsum()).cumcount()
first_zero_idx = (df['X'] == 0).idxmax()
df['Y'].iloc[0:first_zero_idx] += 1
print(df)
X Y
0 7 1
1 2 2
2 0 0
3 3 1
4 4 2
5 2 3
6 5 4
7 0 0
8 3 1
9 4 2
29. 一个全数值的DataFrame，返回最大3个值的坐标
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random(size=(5, 3)))
print(df)
df.unstack().sort_values()[-3:].index.tolist()
0 1 2
0 0.974321 0.454025 0.018815
1 0.323491 0.468609 0.834424
2 0.340960 0.826835 0.503252
3 0.812414 0.202745 0.965168
4 0.633172 0.270281 0.915212
[(2, 4), (2, 3), (0, 0)]
30. 给定DataFrame，将负值代替为同组的平均值
df = pd.DataFrame({
'grps':
list('aaabbcaabcccbbc'),
'vals': [-12, 345, 3, 1, 45, 14, 4, -52, 54, 23, -235, 21, 57, 3, 87]
})
print(df)
def replace(group):
mask = group < 0
group[mask] = group[~mask].mean()
return group
df['vals'] = df.groupby(['grps'])['vals'].transform(replace)
print(df)
grps vals
0 a -12
1 a 345
2 a 3
3 b 1
4 b 45
5 c 14
6 a 4
7 a -52
8 b 54
9 c 23
10 c -235
11 c 21
12 b 57
13 b 3
14 c 87
grps vals
0 a 117.333333
1 a 345.000000
2 a 3.000000
3 b 1.000000
4 b 45.000000
5 c 14.000000
6 a 4.000000
7 a 117.333333
8 b 54.000000
9 c 23.000000
10 c 36.250000
11 c 21.000000
12 b 57.000000
13 b 3.000000
14 c 87.000000
31. 计算3位滑动窗口的平均值，忽略NAN
df = pd.DataFrame({
'group': list('aabbabbbabab'),
'value': [1, 2, 3, np.nan, 2, 3, np.nan, 1, 7, 3, np.nan, 8]
})
print(df)
g1 = df.groupby(['group'])['value']
g2 = df.fillna(0).groupby(['group'])['value']
s = g2.rolling(3, min_periods=1).sum() / g1.rolling(3, min_periods=1).count()
s.reset_index(level=0, drop=True).sort_index()
group value
0 a 1.0
1 a 2.0
2 b 3.0
3 b NaN
4 a 2.0
5 b 3.0
6 b NaN
7 b 1.0
8 a 7.0
9 b 3.0
10 a NaN
11 b 8.0
0 1.000000
1 1.500000
2 3.000000
3 3.000000
4 1.666667
5 3.000000
6 3.000000
7 2.000000
8 3.666667
9 2.000000
10 4.500000
11 4.000000
Name: value, dtype: float64
Series 和 Datetime索引
32. 创建Series s，将2015所有工作日作为随机值的索引
dti = pd.date_range(start='2015-01-01', end='2015-12-31', freq='B')
s = pd.Series(np.random.rand(len(dti)), index=dti)
s.head(10)
2015-01-01 0.503458
2015-01-02 0.194185
2015-01-05 0.550930
2015-01-06 0.174309
2015-01-07 0.316911
2015-01-08 0.288385
2015-01-09 0.293285
2015-01-12 0.340436
2015-01-13 0.630009
2015-01-14 0.076130
Freq: B, dtype: float64
33. 所有礼拜三的值求和
s[s.index.weekday == 2].sum()
27.272318047689705
34. 求每个自然月的平均数
s.resample('M').mean()
2015-01-31 0.375417
2015-02-28 0.551560
2015-03-31 0.540772
2015-04-30 0.450957
2015-05-31 0.369119
2015-06-30 0.588625
2015-07-31 0.584358
2015-08-31 0.609751
2015-09-30 0.511285
2015-10-31 0.555546
2015-11-30 0.528777
2015-12-31 0.574317
Freq: M, dtype: float64
35. 每连续4个月为一组，求最大值所在的日期
s.groupby(pd.Grouper(freq='4M')).idxmax()
2015-01-31 2015-01-15
2015-05-31 2015-02-04
2015-09-30 2015-06-02
2016-01-31 2015-12-08
dtype: datetime64[ns]
36. 创建2015-2016每月第三个星期四的序列
pd.date_range('2015-01-01', '2016-12-31', freq='WOM-3THU')
#数据清洗
df = pd.DataFrame({'From_To': ['LoNDon_paris', 'MAdrid_miLAN', 'londON_StockhOlm',
'Budapest_PaRis', 'Brussels_londOn'],
'FlightNumber': [10045, np.nan, 10065, np.nan, 10085],
'RecentDelays': [[23, 47], [], [24, 43, 87], [13], [67, 32]],
'Airline': ['KLM(!)', '<Air France> (12)', '(British Airways. )',
'12. Air France', '"Swiss Air"']})
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | From_To | RecentDelays |
|---|
| 0 | KLM(!) | 10045.0 | LoNDon_paris | [23, 47] |
|---|
| 1 | <Air France> (12) | NaN | MAdrid_miLAN | [] |
|---|
| 2 | (British Airways. ) | 10065.0 | londON_StockhOlm | [24, 43, 87] |
|---|
| 3 | 12. Air France | NaN | Budapest_PaRis | [13] |
|---|
| 4 | "Swiss Air" | 10085.0 | Brussels_londOn | [67, 32] |
|---|
37. FlightNumber列中有些值缺失了，他们本来应该是每一行增加10，填充缺失的数值，并且令数据类型为整数
df['FlightNumber'] = df['FlightNumber'].interpolate().astype(int)
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | From_To | RecentDelays |
|---|
| 0 | KLM(!) | 10045 | LoNDon_paris | [23, 47] |
|---|
| 1 | <Air France> (12) | 10055 | MAdrid_miLAN | [] |
|---|
| 2 | (British Airways. ) | 10065 | londON_StockhOlm | [24, 43, 87] |
|---|
| 3 | 12. Air France | 10075 | Budapest_PaRis | [13] |
|---|
| 4 | "Swiss Air" | 10085 | Brussels_londOn | [67, 32] |
|---|
38. 将From_To列从_分开，分成From, To两列，并删除原始列
temp = df.From_To.str.split('_', expand=True)
temp.columns = ['From', 'To']
df = df.join(temp)
df = df.drop('From_To', axis=1)
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | RecentDelays | From | To |
|---|
| 0 | KLM(!) | 10045 | [23, 47] | LoNDon | paris |
|---|
| 1 | <Air France> (12) | 10055 | [] | MAdrid | miLAN |
|---|
| 2 | (British Airways. ) | 10065 | [24, 43, 87] | londON | StockhOlm |
|---|
| 3 | 12. Air France | 10075 | [13] | Budapest | PaRis |
|---|
| 4 | "Swiss Air" | 10085 | [67, 32] | Brussels | londOn |
|---|
39. 将From, To大小写统一首字母大写其余小写
df['From'] = df['From'].str.capitalize()
df['To'] = df['To'].str.capitalize()
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | RecentDelays | From | To |
|---|
| 0 | KLM(!) | 10045 | [23, 47] | London | Paris |
|---|
| 1 | <Air France> (12) | 10055 | [] | Madrid | Milan |
|---|
| 2 | (British Airways. ) | 10065 | [24, 43, 87] | London | Stockholm |
|---|
| 3 | 12. Air France | 10075 | [13] | Budapest | Paris |
|---|
| 4 | "Swiss Air" | 10085 | [67, 32] | Brussels | London |
|---|
40. Airline列，有一些多余的标点符号，需要提取出正确的航司名称。举例：'(British Airways. )' 应该改为 'British Airways'.
df['Airline'] = df['Airline'].str.extract(
'([a-zA-Z\s]+)', expand=False).str.strip()
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | RecentDelays | From | To |
|---|
| 0 | KLM | 10045 | [23, 47] | London | Paris |
|---|
| 1 | Air France | 10055 | [] | Madrid | Milan |
|---|
| 2 | British Airways | 10065 | [24, 43, 87] | London | Stockholm |
|---|
| 3 | Air France | 10075 | [13] | Budapest | Paris |
|---|
| 4 | Swiss Air | 10085 | [67, 32] | Brussels | London |
|---|
41. Airline列，数据被以列表的形式录入，但是我们希望每个数字被录入成单独一列，delay_1, delay_2, ...没有的用NAN替代。
delays = df['RecentDelays'].apply(pd.Series)
delays.columns = ['delay_{}'.format(n) for n in range(1, len(delays.columns)+1)]
df = df.drop('RecentDelays', axis=1).join(delays)
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | From | To | delay_1 | delay_2 | delay_3 |
|---|
| 0 | KLM | 10045 | London | Paris | 23.0 | 47.0 | NaN |
|---|
| 1 | Air France | 10055 | Madrid | Milan | NaN | NaN | NaN |
|---|
| 2 | British Airways | 10065 | London | Stockholm | 24.0 | 43.0 | 87.0 |
|---|
| 3 | Air France | 10075 | Budapest | Paris | 13.0 | NaN | NaN |
|---|
| 4 | Swiss Air | 10085 | Brussels | London | 67.0 | 32.0 | NaN |
|---|
层次化索引
42. 用 letters = ['A', 'B', 'C']和 numbers = list(range(10))的组合作为系列随机值的层次化索引
letters = ['A', 'B', 'C']
numbers = list(range(4))
mi = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([letters, numbers])
s = pd.Series(np.random.rand(12), index=mi)
s
A 0 0.250785
1 0.146978
2 0.596062
3 0.064608
B 0 0.709660
1 0.515778
2 0.483163
3 0.524490
C 0 0.360434
1 0.987620
2 0.527151
3 0.636960
dtype: float64
43. 检查s是否是字典顺序排序的
s.index.is_lexsorted()
# 方法二
# s.index.lexsort_depth == s.index.nlevels
True
44. 选择二级索引为1, 3的行
s.loc[:, [1, 3]]
A 1 0.146978
3 0.064608
B 1 0.515778
3 0.524490
C 1 0.987620
3 0.636960
dtype: float64
45. 对s进行切片操作，取一级索引至B，二级索引从2开始到最后
s.loc[pd.IndexSlice[:'B', 2:]]
# 方法二
# s.loc[slice(None, 'B'), slice(2, None)]
A 2 0.596062
3 0.064608
B 2 0.483163
3 0.524490
dtype: float64
46. 计算每个一级索引的和（A, B, C每一个的和）
s.sum(level=0)
#方法二
#s.unstack().sum(axis=0)
A 1.058433
B 2.233091
C 2.512164
dtype: float64
47. 交换索引等级，新的Series是字典顺序吗？不是的话请排序
new_s = s.swaplevel(0, 1)
print(new_s)
print(new_s.index.is_lexsorted())
new_s = new_s.sort_index()
print(new_s)
0 A 0.250785
1 A 0.146978
2 A 0.596062
3 A 0.064608
0 B 0.709660
1 B 0.515778
2 B 0.483163
3 B 0.524490
0 C 0.360434
1 C 0.987620
2 C 0.527151
3 C 0.636960
dtype: float64
False
0 A 0.250785
B 0.709660
C 0.360434
1 A 0.146978
B 0.515778
C 0.987620
2 A 0.596062
B 0.483163
C 0.527151
3 A 0.064608
B 0.524490
C 0.636960
dtype: float64
## 可视化
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = pd.DataFrame({"xs": [1, 5, 2, 8, 1], "ys": [4, 2, 1, 9, 6]})
plt.style.use('ggplot')
48. 画出df的散点图
df.plot.scatter("xs", "ys", color = "black", marker = "x")
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1f188ddacc0>
49. 可视化指定4维DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame({
"productivity": [5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3, 4, 8, 9],
"hours_in": [1, 9, 6, 5, 3, 9, 2, 9, 1, 7, 4, 2, 2],
"happiness": [2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3],
"caffienated": [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0]
})
df.plot.scatter(
"hours_in", "productivity", s=df.happiness * 100, c=df.caffienated)
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1f18aea4c18>
50. 在同一个图中可视化2组数据，共用X轴，但y轴不同
df = pd.DataFrame({
"revenue": [57, 68, 63, 71, 72, 90, 80, 62, 59, 51, 47, 52],
"advertising":
[2.1, 1.9, 2.7, 3.0, 3.6, 3.2, 2.7, 2.4, 1.8, 1.6, 1.3, 1.9],
"month":
range(12)
})
ax = df.plot.bar("month", "revenue", color="green")
df.plot.line("month", "advertising", secondary_y=True, ax=ax)
ax.set_xlim((-1, 12))
(-1, 12)
本文的代码可以到github下载：
https://github.com/fengdu78/Data-Science-Notes/tree/master/3.pandas/4.Pandas50
备注：公众号菜单包含了整理了一本AI小抄，非常适合在通勤路上用学习。
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