作者:王大毛,和鲸社区
出处:https://www.kesci.com/home/project/5ddc974ef41512002cec1dca
修改:黄海广
Pandas 是基于 NumPy 的一种数据处理工具,该工具为了解决数据分析任务而创建。Pandas 纳入了大量库和一些标准的数据模型,提供了高效地操作大型数据集所需的函数和方法。这些练习着重DataFrame和Series对象的基本操作,包括数据的索引、分组、统计和清洗。
本文的代码可以到github下载:
https://github.com/fengdu78/Data-Science-Notes/tree/master/3.pandas/4.Pandas50
基本操作
1.导入 Pandas 库并简写为 pd,并输出版本号
import pandas as pd
pd.__version__
'0.22.0'
2. 从列表创建 Series
arr = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
df = pd.Series(arr) # 如果不指定索引,则默认从 0 开始
df
0 0
1 1
2 2
3 3
4 4
dtype: int64
3. 从字典创建 Series
d = {'a':1,'b':2,'c':3,'d':4,'e':5}
df = pd.Series(d)
df
a 1
b 2
c 3
d 4
e 5
dtype: int64
4. 从 NumPy 数组创建 DataFrame
import numpy as np
dates = pd.date_range('today', periods=6) # 定义时间序列作为 index
num_arr = np.random.randn(6, 4) # 传入 numpy 随机数组
columns = ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'] # 将列表作为列名
df = pd.DataFrame(num_arr, index=dates, columns=columns)
df
| A | B | C | D |
---|
2020-01-10 22:46:01.642021 | 0.277099 | 0.665053 | 0.882637 | -0.598895 |
---|
2020-01-11 22:46:01.642021 | 0.365233 | -2.529804 | -0.699849 | 0.159623 |
---|
2020-01-12 22:46:01.642021 | -0.831850 | -2.099049 | -0.976407 | -0.342800 |
---|
2020-01-13 22:46:01.642021 | 0.680800 | 1.682999 | 0.144469 | -2.503013 |
---|
2020-01-14 22:46:01.642021 | -0.413880 | 0.876169 | -1.047877 | 0.996865 |
---|
2020-01-15 22:46:01.642021 | 1.373956 | 0.029732 | -0.549268 | -0.287584 |
---|
5. 从CSV中创建 DataFrame,分隔符为“;”,编码格式为gbk
df = pd.read_csv('test.csv', encoding='gbk', sep=';')
6. 从字典对象创建DataFrame,并设置索引
import numpy as np
data = {
'animal':
['cat', 'cat', 'snake', 'dog', 'dog', 'cat', 'snake', 'cat', 'dog', 'dog'],
'age': [2.5, 3, 0.5, np.nan, 5, 2, 4.5, np.nan, 7, 3],
'visits': [1, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1],
'priority':
['yes', 'yes', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no', 'no', 'yes', 'no', 'no']
}
labels = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j']
df = pd.DataFrame(data, index=labels)
df
| age | animal | priority | visits |
---|
a | 2.5 | cat | yes | 1 |
---|
b | 3.0 | cat | yes | 3 |
---|
c | 0.5 | snake | no | 2 |
---|
d | NaN | dog | yes | 3 |
---|
e | 5.0 | dog | no | 2 |
---|
f | 2.0 | cat | no | 3 |
---|
g | 4.5 | snake | no | 1 |
---|
h | NaN | cat | yes | 1 |
---|
i | 7.0 | dog | no | 2 |
---|
j | 3.0 | dog | no | 1 |
---|
7. 显示df的基础信息,包括行的数量;列名;每一列值的数量、类型
df.info()
# 方法二
# df.describe()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
Index: 10 entries, a to j
Data columns (total 4 columns):
age 8 non-null float64
animal 10 non-null object
priority 10 non-null object
visits 10 non-null int64
dtypes: float64(1), int64(1), object(2)
memory usage: 400.0+ bytes
8. 展示df的前3行
df.iloc[:3]
# 方法二
#df.head(3)
| age | animal | priority | visits |
---|
a | 2.5 | cat | yes | 1 |
---|
b | 3.0 | cat | yes | 3 |
---|
c | 0.5 | snake | no | 2 |
---|
9. 取出df的animal和age列
df.loc[:, ['animal', 'age']]
# 方法二
# df[['animal', 'age']]
| animal | age |
---|
a | cat | 2.5 |
---|
b | cat | 3.0 |
---|
c | snake | 0.5 |
---|
d | dog | NaN |
---|
e | dog | 5.0 |
---|
f | cat | 2.0 |
---|
g | snake | 4.5 |
---|
h | cat | NaN |
---|
i | dog | 7.0 |
---|
j | dog | 3.0 |
---|
10. 取出索引为[3, 4, 8]行的animal和age列
df.loc[df.index[[3, 4, 8]], ['animal', 'age']]
| animal | age |
---|
d | dog | NaN |
---|
e | dog | 5.0 |
---|
i | dog | 7.0 |
---|
11. 取出age值大于3的行
df[df['age'] > 3]
| age | animal | priority | visits |
---|
e | 5.0 | dog | no | 2 |
---|
g | 4.5 | snake | no | 1 |
---|
i | 7.0 | dog | no | 2 |
---|
12. 取出age值缺失的行
df[df['age'].isnull()]
| age | animal | priority | visits |
---|
d | NaN | dog | yes | 3 |
---|
h | NaN | cat | yes | 1 |
---|
13.取出age在2,4间的行(不含)
df[(df['age']>2) & (df['age']>4)]
# 方法二
# df[df['age'].between(2, 4)]
| age | animal | priority | visits |
---|
e | 5.0 | dog | no | 2 |
---|
g | 4.5 | snake | no | 1 |
---|
i | 7.0 | dog | no | 2 |
---|
14. f 行的age改为1.5
df.loc['f', 'age'] = 1.5
15. 计算visits的总和
df['visits'].sum()
19
16. 计算每个不同种类animal的age的平均数
df.groupby('animal')['age'].mean()
animal
cat 2.333333
dog 5.000000
snake 2.500000
Name: age, dtype: float64
17. 在df中插入新行k,然后删除该行
#插入
df.loc['k'] = [5.5, 'dog', 'no', 2]
# 删除
df = df.drop('k')
df
| age | animal | priority | visits |
---|
a | 2.5 | cat | yes | 1 |
---|
b | 3.0 | cat | yes | 3 |
---|
c | 0.5 | snake | no | 2 |
---|
d | NaN | dog | yes | 3 |
---|
e | 5.0 | dog | no | 2 |
---|
f | 1.5 | cat | no | 3 |
---|
g | 4.5 | snake | no | 1 |
---|
h | NaN | cat | yes | 1 |
---|
i | 7.0 | dog | no | 2 |
---|
j | 3.0 | dog | no | 1 |
---|
18. 计算df中每个种类animal的数量
df['animal'].value_counts()
dog 4
cat 4
snake 2
Name: animal, dtype: int64
19. 先按age降序排列,后按visits升序排列
df.sort_values(by=['age', 'visits'], ascending=[False, True])
| age | animal | priority | visits |
---|
i | 7.0 | dog | no | 2 |
---|
e | 5.0 | dog | no | 2 |
---|
g | 4.5 | snake | no | 1 |
---|
j | 3.0 | dog | no | 1 |
---|
b | 3.0 | cat | yes | 3 |
---|
a | 2.5 | cat | yes | 1 |
---|
f | 1.5 | cat | no | 3 |
---|
c | 0.5 | snake | no | 2 |
---|
h | NaN | cat | yes | 1 |
---|
d | NaN | dog | yes | 3 |
---|
20. 将priority列中的yes, no替换为布尔值True, False
df['priority'] = df['priority'].map({'yes': True, 'no': False})
df
| age | animal | priority | visits |
---|
a | 2.5 | cat | True | 1 |
---|
b | 3.0 | cat | True | 3 |
---|
c | 0.5 | snake | False | 2 |
---|
d | NaN | dog | True | 3 |
---|
e | 5.0 | dog | False | 2 |
---|
f | 1.5 | cat | False | 3 |
---|
g | 4.5 | snake | False | 1 |
---|
h | NaN | cat | True | 1 |
---|
i | 7.0 | dog | False | 2 |
---|
j | 3.0 | dog | False | 1 |
---|
21. 将animal列中的snake替换为python
df['animal'] = df['animal'].replace('snake', 'python')
df
| age | animal | priority | visits |
---|
a | 2.5 | cat | True | 1 |
---|
b | 3.0 | cat | True | 3 |
---|
c | 0.5 | python | False | 2 |
---|
d | NaN | dog | True | 3 |
---|
e | 5.0 | dog | False | 2 |
---|
f | 1.5 | cat | False | 3 |
---|
g | 4.5 | python | False | 1 |
---|
h | NaN | cat | True | 1 |
---|
i | 7.0 | dog | False | 2 |
---|
j | 3.0 | dog | False | 1 |
---|
22. 对每种animal的每种不同数量visits,计算平均age,即,返回一个表格,行是aniaml种类,列是visits数量,表格值是行动物种类列访客数量的平均年龄
df.pivot_table(index='animal', columns='visits', values='age', aggfunc='mean')
visits | 1 | 2 | 3 |
---|
animal |
|
|
|
---|
cat | 2.5 | NaN | 2.25 |
---|
dog | 3.0 | 6.0 | NaN |
---|
python | 4.5 | 0.5 | NaN |
---|
进阶操作
23. 有一列整数列A的DatraFrame,删除数值重复的行
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 7, 7]})
print(df)
df1 = df.loc[df['A'].shift() != df['A']]
# 方法二
# df1 = df.drop_duplicates(subset='A')
print(df1)
A
0 1
1 2
2 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
6 5
7 5
8 6
9 7
10 7
A
0 1
1 2
3 3
4 4
5 5
8 6
9 7
24. 一个全数值DatraFrame,每个数字减去该行的平均数
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random(size=(5, 3)))
print(df)
df1 = df.sub(df.mean(axis=1), axis=0)
print(df1)
0 1 2
0 0.465407 0.152497 0.861174
1 0.623682 0.627339 0.495652
2 0.835176 0.862376 0.693047
3 0.319698 0.306709 0.654063
4 0.234855 0.194232 0.438597
0 1 2
0 -0.027619 -0.340529 0.368148
1 0.041457 0.045115 -0.086572
2 0.038310 0.065509 -0.103819
3 -0.107125 -0.120114 0.227239
4 -0.054373 -0.094996 0.149368
25. 一个有5列的DataFrame,求哪一列的和最小
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random(size=(5, 5)), columns=list('abcde'))
print(df)
df.sum().idxmin()
a b c d e
0 0.653658 0.730994 0.223025 0.456730 0.288283
1 0.937546 0.640995 0.197359 0.671524 0.006035
2 0.392762 0.174955 0.053928 0.318634 0.464534
3 0.741499 0.197861 0.988105 0.633780 0.914250
4 0.469285 0.309043 0.162127 0.032480 0.863017
'c'
26. 给定DataFrame,求A列每个值的前3大的B的值的和
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': list('aaabbcaabcccbbc'),
'B': [12,345,3,1,45,14,4,52,54,23,235,21,57,3,87]})
print(df)
df1 = df.groupby('A')['B'].nlargest(3).sum(level=0)
print(df1)
A B
0 a 12
1 a 345
2 a 3
3 b 1
4 b 45
5 c 14
6 a 4
7 a 52
8 b 54
9 c 23
10 c 235
11 c 21
12 b 57
13 b 3
14 c 87
A
a 409
b 156
c 345
Name: B, dtype: int64
27. 给定DataFrame,有列A, B,A的值在1-100(含),对A列每10步长,求对应的B的和
df = pd.DataFrame({
'A': [1, 2, 11, 11, 33, 34, 35, 40, 79, 99],
'B': [1, 2, 11, 11, 33, 34, 35, 40, 79, 99]
})
print(df)
df1 = df.groupby(pd.cut(df['A'], np.arange(0, 101, 10)))['B'].sum()
print(df1)
A B
0 1 1
1 2 2
2 11 11
3 11 11
4 33 33
5 34 34
6 35 35
7 40 40
8 79 79
9 99 99
A
(0, 10] 3
(10, 20] 22
(20, 30] 0
(30, 40] 142
(40, 50] 0
(50, 60] 0
(60, 70] 0
(70, 80] 79
(80, 90] 0
(90, 100] 99
Name: B, dtype: int64
28. 给定DataFrame,计算每个元素至左边最近的0(或者至开头)的距离,生成新列y
df = pd.DataFrame({'X': [7, 2, 0, 3, 4, 2, 5, 0, 3, 4]})
# 方法一
x = (df['X'] != 0).cumsum()
y = x != x.shift()
df['Y'] = y.groupby((y != y.shift()).cumsum()).cumsum()
print(df)
X Y
0 7 1.0
1 2 2.0
2 0 0.0
3 3 1.0
4 4 2.0
5 2 3.0
6 5 4.0
7 0 0.0
8 3 1.0
9 4 2.0
# 方法二
df['Y'] = df.groupby((df['X'] == 0).cumsum()).cumcount()
first_zero_idx = (df['X'] == 0).idxmax()
df['Y'].iloc[0:first_zero_idx] += 1
print(df)
X Y
0 7 1
1 2 2
2 0 0
3 3 1
4 4 2
5 2 3
6 5 4
7 0 0
8 3 1
9 4 2
29. 一个全数值的DataFrame,返回最大3个值的坐标
df = pd.DataFrame(np.random.random(size=(5, 3)))
print(df)
df.unstack().sort_values()[-3:].index.tolist()
0 1 2
0 0.974321 0.454025 0.018815
1 0.323491 0.468609 0.834424
2 0.340960 0.826835 0.503252
3 0.812414 0.202745 0.965168
4 0.633172 0.270281 0.915212
[(2, 4), (2, 3), (0, 0)]
30. 给定DataFrame,将负值代替为同组的平均值
df = pd.DataFrame({
'grps':
list('aaabbcaabcccbbc'),
'vals': [-12, 345, 3, 1, 45, 14, 4, -52, 54, 23, -235, 21, 57, 3, 87]
})
print(df)
def replace(group):
mask = group < 0
group[mask] = group[~mask].mean()
return group
df['vals'] = df.groupby(['grps'])['vals'].transform(replace)
print(df)
grps vals
0 a -12
1 a 345
2 a 3
3 b 1
4 b 45
5 c 14
6 a 4
7 a -52
8 b 54
9 c 23
10 c -235
11 c 21
12 b 57
13 b 3
14 c 87
grps vals
0 a 117.333333
1 a 345.000000
2 a 3.000000
3 b 1.000000
4 b 45.000000
5 c 14.000000
6 a 4.000000
7 a 117.333333
8 b 54.000000
9 c 23.000000
10 c 36.250000
11 c 21.000000
12 b 57.000000
13 b 3.000000
14 c 87.000000
31. 计算3位滑动窗口的平均值,忽略NAN
df = pd.DataFrame({
'group': list('aabbabbbabab'),
'value': [1, 2, 3, np.nan, 2, 3, np.nan, 1, 7, 3, np.nan, 8]
})
print(df)
g1 = df.groupby(['group'])['value']
g2 = df.fillna(0).groupby(['group'])['value']
s = g2.rolling(3, min_periods=1).sum() / g1.rolling(3, min_periods=1).count()
s.reset_index(level=0, drop=True).sort_index()
group value
0 a 1.0
1 a 2.0
2 b 3.0
3 b NaN
4 a 2.0
5 b 3.0
6 b NaN
7 b 1.0
8 a 7.0
9 b 3.0
10 a NaN
11 b 8.0
0 1.000000
1 1.500000
2 3.000000
3 3.000000
4 1.666667
5 3.000000
6 3.000000
7 2.000000
8 3.666667
9 2.000000
10 4.500000
11 4.000000
Name: value, dtype: float64
Series 和 Datetime索引
32. 创建Series s,将2015所有工作日作为随机值的索引
dti = pd.date_range(start='2015-01-01', end='2015-12-31', freq='B')
s = pd.Series(np.random.rand(len(dti)), index=dti)
s.head(10)
2015-01-01 0.503458
2015-01-02 0.194185
2015-01-05 0.550930
2015-01-06 0.174309
2015-01-07 0.316911
2015-01-08 0.288385
2015-01-09 0.293285
2015-01-12 0.340436
2015-01-13 0.630009
2015-01-14 0.076130
Freq: B, dtype: float64
33. 所有礼拜三的值求和
s[s.index.weekday == 2].sum()
27.272318047689705
34. 求每个自然月的平均数
s.resample('M').mean()
2015-01-31 0.375417
2015-02-28 0.551560
2015-03-31 0.540772
2015-04-30 0.450957
2015-05-31 0.369119
2015-06-30 0.588625
2015-07-31 0.584358
2015-08-31 0.609751
2015-09-30 0.511285
2015-10-31 0.555546
2015-11-30 0.528777
2015-12-31 0.574317
Freq: M, dtype: float64
35. 每连续4个月为一组,求最大值所在的日期
s.groupby(pd.Grouper(freq='4M')).idxmax()
2015-01-31 2015-01-15
2015-05-31 2015-02-04
2015-09-30 2015-06-02
2016-01-31 2015-12-08
dtype: datetime64[ns]
36. 创建2015-2016每月第三个星期四的序列
pd.date_range('2015-01-01', '2016-12-31', freq='WOM-3THU')
#数据清洗
df = pd.DataFrame({'From_To': ['LoNDon_paris', 'MAdrid_miLAN', 'londON_StockhOlm',
'Budapest_PaRis', 'Brussels_londOn'],
'FlightNumber': [10045, np.nan, 10065, np.nan, 10085],
'RecentDelays': [[23, 47], [], [24, 43, 87], [13], [67, 32]],
'Airline': ['KLM(!)', '<Air France> (12)', '(British Airways. )',
'12. Air France', '"Swiss Air"']})
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | From_To | RecentDelays |
---|
0 | KLM(!) | 10045.0 | LoNDon_paris | [23, 47] |
---|
1 | <Air France> (12) | NaN | MAdrid_miLAN | [] |
---|
2 | (British Airways. ) | 10065.0 | londON_StockhOlm | [24, 43, 87] |
---|
3 | 12. Air France | NaN | Budapest_PaRis | [13] |
---|
4 | "Swiss Air" | 10085.0 | Brussels_londOn | [67, 32] |
---|
37. FlightNumber列中有些值缺失了,他们本来应该是每一行增加10,填充缺失的数值,并且令数据类型为整数
df['FlightNumber'] = df['FlightNumber'].interpolate().astype(int)
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | From_To | RecentDelays |
---|
0 | KLM(!) | 10045 | LoNDon_paris | [23, 47] |
---|
1 | <Air France> (12) | 10055 | MAdrid_miLAN | [] |
---|
2 | (British Airways. ) | 10065 | londON_StockhOlm | [24, 43, 87] |
---|
3 | 12. Air France | 10075 | Budapest_PaRis | [13] |
---|
4 | "Swiss Air" | 10085 | Brussels_londOn | [67, 32] |
---|
38. 将From_To列从_分开,分成From, To两列,并删除原始列
temp = df.From_To.str.split('_', expand=True)
temp.columns = ['From', 'To']
df = df.join(temp)
df = df.drop('From_To', axis=1)
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | RecentDelays | From | To |
---|
0 | KLM(!) | 10045 | [23, 47] | LoNDon | paris |
---|
1 | <Air France> (12) | 10055 | [] | MAdrid | miLAN |
---|
2 | (British Airways. ) | 10065 | [24, 43, 87] | londON | StockhOlm |
---|
3 | 12. Air France | 10075 | [13] | Budapest | PaRis |
---|
4 | "Swiss Air" | 10085 | [67, 32] | Brussels | londOn |
---|
39. 将From, To大小写统一首字母大写其余小写
df['From'] = df['From'].str.capitalize()
df['To'] = df['To'].str.capitalize()
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | RecentDelays | From | To |
---|
0 | KLM(!) | 10045 | [23, 47] | London | Paris |
---|
1 | <Air France> (12) | 10055 | [] | Madrid | Milan |
---|
2 | (British Airways. ) | 10065 | [24, 43, 87] | London | Stockholm |
---|
3 | 12. Air France | 10075 | [13] | Budapest | Paris |
---|
4 | "Swiss Air" | 10085 | [67, 32] | Brussels | London |
---|
40. Airline列,有一些多余的标点符号,需要提取出正确的航司名称。举例:'(British Airways. )' 应该改为 'British Airways'.
df['Airline'] = df['Airline'].str.extract(
'([a-zA-Z\s]+)', expand=False).str.strip()
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | RecentDelays | From | To |
---|
0 | KLM | 10045 | [23, 47] | London | Paris |
---|
1 | Air France | 10055 | [] | Madrid | Milan |
---|
2 | British Airways | 10065 | [24, 43, 87] | London | Stockholm |
---|
3 | Air France | 10075 | [13] | Budapest | Paris |
---|
4 | Swiss Air | 10085 | [67, 32] | Brussels | London |
---|
41. Airline列,数据被以列表的形式录入,但是我们希望每个数字被录入成单独一列,delay_1, delay_2, ...没有的用NAN替代。
delays = df['RecentDelays'].apply(pd.Series)
delays.columns = ['delay_{}'.format(n) for n in range(1, len(delays.columns)+1)]
df = df.drop('RecentDelays', axis=1).join(delays)
df
| Airline | FlightNumber | From | To | delay_1 | delay_2 | delay_3 |
---|
0 | KLM | 10045 | London | Paris | 23.0 | 47.0 | NaN |
---|
1 | Air France | 10055 | Madrid | Milan | NaN | NaN | NaN |
---|
2 | British Airways | 10065 | London | Stockholm | 24.0 | 43.0 | 87.0 |
---|
3 | Air France | 10075 | Budapest | Paris | 13.0 | NaN | NaN |
---|
4 | Swiss Air | 10085 | Brussels | London | 67.0 | 32.0 | NaN |
---|
层次化索引
42. 用 letters = ['A', 'B', 'C']和 numbers = list(range(10))的组合作为系列随机值的层次化索引
letters = ['A', 'B', 'C']
numbers = list(range(4))
mi = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([letters, numbers])
s = pd.Series(np.random.rand(12), index=mi)
s
A 0 0.250785
1 0.146978
2 0.596062
3 0.064608
B 0 0.709660
1 0.515778
2 0.483163
3 0.524490
C 0 0.360434
1 0.987620
2 0.527151
3 0.636960
dtype: float64
43. 检查s是否是字典顺序排序的
s.index.is_lexsorted()
# 方法二
# s.index.lexsort_depth == s.index.nlevels
True
44. 选择二级索引为1, 3的行
s.loc[:, [1, 3]]
A 1 0.146978
3 0.064608
B 1 0.515778
3 0.524490
C 1 0.987620
3 0.636960
dtype: float64
45. 对s进行切片操作,取一级索引至B,二级索引从2开始到最后
s.loc[pd.IndexSlice[:'B', 2:]]
# 方法二
# s.loc[slice(None, 'B'), slice(2, None)]
A 2 0.596062
3 0.064608
B 2 0.483163
3 0.524490
dtype: float64
46. 计算每个一级索引的和(A, B, C每一个的和)
s.sum(level=0)
#方法二
#s.unstack().sum(axis=0)
A 1.058433
B 2.233091
C 2.512164
dtype: float64
47. 交换索引等级,新的Series是字典顺序吗?不是的话请排序
new_s = s.swaplevel(0, 1)
print(new_s)
print(new_s.index.is_lexsorted())
new_s = new_s.sort_index()
print(new_s)
0 A 0.250785
1 A 0.146978
2 A 0.596062
3 A 0.064608
0 B 0.709660
1 B 0.515778
2 B 0.483163
3 B 0.524490
0 C 0.360434
1 C 0.987620
2 C 0.527151
3 C 0.636960
dtype: float64
False
0 A 0.250785
B 0.709660
C 0.360434
1 A 0.146978
B 0.515778
C 0.987620
2 A 0.596062
B 0.483163
C 0.527151
3 A 0.064608
B 0.524490
C 0.636960
dtype: float64
## 可视化
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
df = pd.DataFrame({"xs": [1, 5, 2, 8, 1], "ys": [4, 2, 1, 9, 6]})
plt.style.use('ggplot')
48. 画出df的散点图
df.plot.scatter("xs", "ys", color = "black", marker = "x")
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1f188ddacc0>
49. 可视化指定4维DataFrame
df = pd.DataFrame({
"productivity": [5, 2, 3, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 3, 4, 8, 9],
"hours_in": [1, 9, 6, 5, 3, 9, 2, 9, 1, 7, 4, 2, 2],
"happiness": [2, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 1, 3],
"caffienated": [0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0]
})
df.plot.scatter(
"hours_in", "productivity", s=df.happiness * 100, c=df.caffienated)
<matplotlib.axes._subplots.AxesSubplot at 0x1f18aea4c18>
50. 在同一个图中可视化2组数据,共用X轴,但y轴不同
df = pd.DataFrame({
"revenue": [57, 68, 63, 71, 72, 90, 80, 62, 59, 51, 47, 52],
"advertising":
[2.1, 1.9, 2.7, 3.0, 3.6, 3.2, 2.7, 2.4, 1.8, 1.6, 1.3, 1.9],
"month":
range(12)
})
ax = df.plot.bar("month", "revenue", color="green")
df.plot.line("month", "advertising", secondary_y=True, ax=ax)
ax.set_xlim((-1, 12))
(-1, 12)
本文的代码可以到github下载:
https://github.com/fengdu78/Data-Science-Notes/tree/master/3.pandas/4.Pandas50
备注:公众号菜单包含了整理了一本AI小抄,非常适合在通勤路上用学习。
往期精彩回顾
2019年公众号文章精选适合初学者入门人工智能的路线及资料下载机器学习在线手册深度学习在线手册AI基础下载(第一部分)备注:加入本站微信群或者qq群,请回复“加群”加入知识星球(4500+用户,ID:92416895),请回复“知识星球”
喜欢文章,点个在看