Hadoop的RPC分为四个部分：
（1）序列化与反序列化
（2）利用java反射与动态代理实现函数调用
（3）基于Socket机制的网络传输
（4）基于Reactor模式的事件驱动IO模型的服务的处理
在IPC包中，最重要的3个类是Server,Client和RPC，它们具有层次化的结构。
1.RPC类是对Server、Client的具体化。在RPC类中规定，客户程序发出请求调用时，参数类型必须是Invocation；从服务器返回的值类型必须是ObjectWritable。
2.RPC类是对Server、Client的包装，简化用户的使用。如果一个类需充当服务器，只需通过RPC类的静态方法getServer获得Server实例，然后start。同时此类提供协议接口的实现。如果一个类充当客户端，可以通过getProxy或者waitForProxy获得一个实现了协议接口的proxy object，与服务器端交互。
Client端
Client向Server发送调用函数的信息：
public Writable call(Writable param, InetSocketAddress addr,
UserGroupInformation ticket)
throws InterruptedException, IOException {
Call call = new Call(param);
Connection connection = getConnection(addr, ticket, call);
connection.sendParam(call); // send the parameter
synchronized (call) {
while (!call.done) {
try {
call.wait(); // wait for the result
} catch (InterruptedException ignored) {}
}
if (call.error != null) {
if (call.error instanceof RemoteException) {
call.error.fillInStackTrace();
throw call.error;
} else { // local exception
throw wrapException(addr, call.error);
}
} else {
return call.value;
}
}
}/** Connect to the server and set up the I/O streams. It then sends
* a header to the server and starts
* the connection thread that waits for responses.
*/
private synchronized void setupIOstreams() {
if (socket != null || shouldCloseConnection.get()) {
return;
}
short ioFailures = 0;
short timeoutFailures = 0;
try {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug("Connecting to "+remoteId.getAddress());
}
while (true) {
try {
this.socket = socketFactory.createSocket();
this.socket.setTcpNoDelay(tcpNoDelay);
// connection time out is 20s
this.socket.connect(remoteId.getAddress(), 20000);
this.socket.setSoTimeout(pingInterval);
break;
} catch (SocketTimeoutException toe) {
/* The max number of retries is 45,
* which amounts to 20s*45 = 15 minutes retries.
*/
handleConnectionFailure(timeoutFailures++, 45, toe);
} catch (IOException ie) {
handleConnectionFailure(ioFailures++, maxRetries, ie);
}
}
this.in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream
(new PingInputStream(NetUtils.getInputStream(socket))));
this.out = new DataOutputStream
(new BufferedOutputStream(NetUtils.getOutputStream(socket)));
writeHeader();
// update last activity time
touch();
// start the receiver thread after the socket connection has been set up
start();
} catch (IOException e) {
markClosed(e);
close();
}
}发送数据：
/** Initiates a call by sending the parameter to the remote server.
* Note: this is not called from the Connection thread, but by other
* threads.
*/
public void sendParam(Call call) {
if (shouldCloseConnection.get()) {
return;
}
DataOutputBuffer d=null;
try {
synchronized (this.out) {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
LOG.debug(getName() + " sending #" + call.id);
//for serializing the
//data to be written
d = new DataOutputBuffer();
d.writeInt(call.id);
call.param.write(d);
byte[] data = d.getData();
int dataLength = d.getLength();
out.writeInt(dataLength); //first put the data length
out.write(data, 0, dataLength);//write the data
out.flush();
}
} catch(IOException e) {
markClosed(e);
} finally {
//the buffer is just an in-memory buffer, but it is still polite to
// close early
IOUtils.closeStream(d);
}
} /* Receive a response.
* Because only one receiver, so no synchronization on in.
*/
private void receiveResponse() {
if (shouldCloseConnection.get()) {
return;
}
touch();
try {
int id = in.readInt(); // try to read an id
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
LOG.debug(getName() + " got value #" + id);
Call call = calls.remove(id);
boolean isError = in.readBoolean(); // read if error
if (isError) {
call.setException(new RemoteException( WritableUtils.readString(in),
WritableUtils.readString(in)));
} else {
Writable value = ReflectionUtils.newInstance(valueClass, conf);
value.readFields(in); // read value
call.setValue(value);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
markClosed(e);
}
}Server端
开启Listener、Responder和Handler线程：
/** Starts the service. Must be called before any calls will be handled. */
public synchronized void start() throws IOException {
responder.start();
listener.start();
handlers = new Handler[handlerCount];
for (int i = 0; i < handlerCount; i++) {
handlers[i] = new Handler(i);
handlers[i].start();
}
}@Override
public void run() {
LOG.info(getName() + ": starting");
SERVER.set(Server.this);
while (running) {
SelectionKey key = null;
try {
selector.select();
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = selector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
key = iter.next();
iter.remove();
try {
if (key.isValid()) {
if (key.isAcceptable())
doAccept(key);
else if (key.isReadable())
doRead(key);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
}
key = null;
}
} catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
// we can run out of memory if we have too many threads
// log the event and sleep for a minute and give
// some thread(s) a chance to finish
LOG.warn("Out of Memory in server select", e);
closeCurrentConnection(key, e);
cleanupConnections(true);
try { Thread.sleep(60000); } catch (Exception ie) {}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
if (running) { // unexpected -- log it
LOG.info(getName() + " caught: " +
StringUtils.stringifyException(e));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
closeCurrentConnection(key, e);
}
cleanupConnections(false);
}
LOG.info("Stopping " + this.getName());
synchronized (this) {
try {
acceptChannel.close();
selector.close();
} catch (IOException e) { }
selector= null;
acceptChannel= null;
// clean up all connections
while (!connectionList.isEmpty()) {
closeConnection(connectionList.remove(0));
}
}
} void doAccept(SelectionKey key) throws IOException, OutOfMemoryError {
Connection c = null;
ServerSocketChannel server = (ServerSocketChannel) key.channel();
// accept up to 10 connections
for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {
SocketChannel channel = server.accept();
if (channel==null) return;
channel.configureBlocking(false);
channel.socket().setTcpNoDelay(tcpNoDelay);
SelectionKey readKey = channel.register(selector, SelectionKey.OP_READ);
c = new Connection(readKey, channel, System.currentTimeMillis());
readKey.attach(c);
synchronized (connectionList) {
connectionList.add(numConnections, c);
numConnections++;
}
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
LOG.debug("Server connection from " + c.toString() +
"; # active connections: " + numConnections +
"; # queued calls: " + callQueue.size());
}
}void doRead(SelectionKey key) throws InterruptedException {
int count = 0;
Connection c = (Connection)key.attachment();
if (c == null) {
return;
}
c.setLastContact(System.currentTimeMillis());
try {
count = c.readAndProcess();
} catch (InterruptedException ieo) {
throw ieo;
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.debug(getName() + ": readAndProcess threw exception " + e + ". Count of bytes read: " + count, e);
count = -1; //so that the (count < 0) block is executed
}
if (count < 0) {
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled())
LOG.debug(getName() + ": disconnecting client " +
c.getHostAddress() + ". Number of active connections: "+
numConnections);
closeConnection(c);
c = null;
}
else {
c.setLastContact(System.currentTimeMillis());
}
} doRead将处理的请求加入到callQueue队列，然后将交由handler进行处理。
Handler线程：
@Override
public void run() {
LOG.info(getName() + ": starting");
SERVER.set(Server.this);
long lastPurgeTime = 0; // last check for old calls.
while (running) {
try {
waitPending(); // If a channel is being registered, wait.
writeSelector.select(PURGE_INTERVAL);
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = writeSelector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iter.next();
iter.remove();
try {
if (key.isValid() && key.isWritable()) {
doAsyncWrite(key);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.info(getName() + ": doAsyncWrite threw exception " + e);
}
}
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (now < lastPurgeTime + PURGE_INTERVAL) {
continue;
}
lastPurgeTime = now;
//
// If there were some calls that have not been sent out for a
// long time, discard them.
//
LOG.debug("Checking for old call responses.");
ArrayList<Call> calls;
// get the list of channels from list of keys.
synchronized (writeSelector.keys()) {
calls = new ArrayList<Call>(writeSelector.keys().size());
iter = writeSelector.keys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iter.next();
Call call = (Call)key.attachment();
if (call != null && key.channel() == call.connection.channel) {
calls.add(call);
}
}
}
for(Call call : calls) {
try {
doPurge(call, now);
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.warn("Error in purging old calls " + e);
}
}
} catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
//
// we can run out of memory if we have too many threads
// log the event and sleep for a minute and give
// some thread(s) a chance to finish
//
LOG.warn("Out of Memory in server select", e);
try { Thread.sleep(60000); } catch (Exception ie) {}
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.warn("Exception in Responder " +
StringUtils.stringifyException(e));
}
}
LOG.info("Stopping " + this.getName());
}public Writable call(Writable param, long receivedTime) throws IOException {
try {
Invocation call = (Invocation)param;
if (verbose) log("Call: " + call);
Method method =
implementation.getMethod(call.getMethodName(),
call.getParameterClasses());
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Object value = method.invoke(instance, call.getParameters());
int processingTime = (int) (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime);
int qTime = (int) (startTime-receivedTime);
LOG.debug("Served: " + call.getMethodName() +
" queueTime= " + qTime +
" procesingTime= " + processingTime);
rpcMetrics.rpcQueueTime.inc(qTime);
rpcMetrics.rpcProcessingTime.inc(processingTime);
MetricsTimeVaryingRate m = rpcMetrics.metricsList.get(call.getMethodName());
if (m != null) {
m.inc(processingTime);
}
else {
rpcMetrics.metricsList.put(call.getMethodName(), new MetricsTimeVaryingRate(call.getMethodName()));
m = rpcMetrics.metricsList.get(call.getMethodName());
m.inc(processingTime);
}
if (verbose) log("Return: "+value);
return new ObjectWritable(method.getReturnType(), value);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable target = e.getTargetException();
if (target instanceof IOException) {
throw (IOException)target;
} else {
IOException ioe = new IOException(target.toString());
ioe.setStackTrace(target.getStackTrace());
throw ioe;
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
IOException ioe = new IOException(e.toString());
ioe.setStackTrace(e.getStackTrace());
throw ioe;
}
}
}
//
// Enqueue a response from the application.
//
void doRespond(Call call) throws IOException {
synchronized (call.connection.responseQueue) {
call.connection.responseQueue.addLast(call);
if (call.connection.responseQueue.size() == 1) {
processResponse(call.connection.responseQueue, true);
}
}
}// Processes one response. Returns true if there are no more pending
// data for this channel.
//
private boolean processResponse(LinkedList<Call> responseQueue,
boolean inHandler) throws IOException {
boolean error = true;
boolean done = false; // there is more data for this channel.
int numElements = 0;
Call call = null;
try {
synchronized (responseQueue) {
//
// If there are no items for this channel, then we are done
//
numElements = responseQueue.size();
if (numElements == 0) {
error = false;
return true; // no more data for this channel.
}
//
// Extract the first call
//
call = responseQueue.removeFirst();
SocketChannel channel = call.connection.channel;
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug(getName() + ": responding to #" + call.id + " from " +
call.connection);
}
//
// Send as much data as we can in the non-blocking fashion
//
int numBytes = channelWrite(channel, call.response);
if (numBytes < 0) {
return true;
}
if (!call.response.hasRemaining()) {
call.connection.decRpcCount();
if (numElements == 1) { // last call fully processes.
done = true; // no more data for this channel.
} else {
done = false; // more calls pending to be sent.
}
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug(getName() + ": responding to #" + call.id + " from " +
call.connection + " Wrote " + numBytes + " bytes.");
}
} else {
//
// If we were unable to write the entire response out, then
// insert in Selector queue.
//
call.connection.responseQueue.addFirst(call);
if (inHandler) {
// set the serve time when the response has to be sent later
call.timestamp = System.currentTimeMillis();
incPending();
try {
// Wakeup the thread blocked on select, only then can the call
// to channel.register() complete.
writeSelector.wakeup();
channel.register(writeSelector, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE, call);
} catch (ClosedChannelException e) {
//Its ok. channel might be closed else where.
done = true;
} finally {
decPending();
}
}
if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
LOG.debug(getName() + ": responding to #" + call.id + " from " +
call.connection + " Wrote partial " + numBytes +
" bytes.");
}
}
error = false; // everything went off well
}
} finally {
if (error && call != null) {
LOG.warn(getName()+", call " + call + ": output error");
done = true; // error. no more data for this channel.
closeConnection(call.connection);
}
}
return done;
}Responder线程：
@Override
public void run() {
LOG.info(getName() + ": starting");
SERVER.set(Server.this);
long lastPurgeTime = 0; // last check for old calls.
while (running) {
try {
waitPending(); // If a channel is being registered, wait.
writeSelector.select(PURGE_INTERVAL);
Iterator<SelectionKey> iter = writeSelector.selectedKeys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iter.next();
iter.remove();
try {
if (key.isValid() && key.isWritable()) {
doAsyncWrite(key);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.info(getName() + ": doAsyncWrite threw exception " + e);
}
}
long now = System.currentTimeMillis();
if (now < lastPurgeTime + PURGE_INTERVAL) {
continue;
}
lastPurgeTime = now;
//
// If there were some calls that have not been sent out for a
// long time, discard them.
//
LOG.debug("Checking for old call responses.");
ArrayList<Call> calls;
// get the list of channels from list of keys.
synchronized (writeSelector.keys()) {
calls = new ArrayList<Call>(writeSelector.keys().size());
iter = writeSelector.keys().iterator();
while (iter.hasNext()) {
SelectionKey key = iter.next();
Call call = (Call)key.attachment();
if (call != null && key.channel() == call.connection.channel) {
calls.add(call);
}
}
}
for(Call call : calls) {
try {
doPurge(call, now);
} catch (IOException e) {
LOG.warn("Error in purging old calls " + e);
}
}
} catch (OutOfMemoryError e) {
//
// we can run out of memory if we have too many threads
// log the event and sleep for a minute and give
// some thread(s) a chance to finish
//
LOG.warn("Out of Memory in server select", e);
try { Thread.sleep(60000); } catch (Exception ie) {}
} catch (Exception e) {
LOG.warn("Exception in Responder " +
StringUtils.stringifyException(e));
}
}
LOG.info("Stopping " + this.getName());
}private void doAsyncWrite(SelectionKey key) throws IOException {
Call call = (Call)key.attachment();
if (call == null) {
return;
}
if (key.channel() != call.connection.channel) {
throw new IOException("doAsyncWrite: bad channel");
}
synchronized(call.connection.responseQueue) {
if (processResponse(call.connection.responseQueue, false)) {
try {
key.interestOps(0);
} catch (CancelledKeyException e) {
/* The Listener/reader might have closed the socket.
* We don't explicitly cancel the key, so not sure if this will
* ever fire.
* This warning could be removed.
*/
LOG.warn("Exception while changing ops : " + e);
}
}
}
}<span style="font-family:SimHei;font-size:18px;">
</span>
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