Java实现http服务器

前言

有个需求，需要内嵌http服务，要求体积尽可能小，http并发很小，那么就自行实现一个http服务。其实http只是一种应用层协议：超文本传输协议。传输层协议为TCP。

1. http协议

http协议的内容通过抓包如下：

可以看见Hypertext Transfer Protocol下

标红的是http协议的核心，http header是说明协议，协议mime-type；body才是返回的内容。

2. BIO HTTP demo

package com.feng.server.http;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

public class HttpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(8282);
        ThreadPoolExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3,
                10,
                5l,
                TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(100),
                r -> {
                    Thread t = new Thread(r);
                    t.setName("http-8282-"+t.getId());
                    return t;
                });
        Socket socket;
        while (true) {
            socket = serverSocket.accept();
            executor.execute(new SocketRunnable(socket));
        }
    }

    private static class SocketRunnable implements Runnable {
        private Socket socket;

        public SocketRunnable(Socket socket) {
            this.socket = socket;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            try (InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
                 Reader reader = new InputStreamReader(is);
                 BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(reader);
                 OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream()) {
                System.out.println("adress: " + socket.getLocalAddress() + ":" + socket.getLocalPort());
                String line;
                while ((line = br.readLine()) != null && line.trim().length()!=0) {
                    System.out.println("--------"+line);
                }

                PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(out);
                pw.write("HTTP/1.1 200 \r\n");
//                pw.write("Transfer-Encoding: chunked");
                pw.write("Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8\r\n");
                pw.write("\r\n");
                pw.write("helloWord\r\n");

                pw.flush();
                pw.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

可以通过serverSocket创建连接，提供http能力，只需要返回的header写明http协议，Content-Type即可。测试OK

其实还可以通过NIO实现http服务，channel select buffer，性能更强，配合Linux内核的epoll，提供强大的性能。

3. JDK内置http server

其实JDK也内置了Http Server的API，还支持https，毕竟https普及已经好几年了。

package com.feng.server.http;

import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpExchange;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpHandler;
import com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;

public class InnerHttpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
            // 创建 http 服务器, 绑定本地 xxxx 端口
            HttpServer httpServer = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(8383), 0);
            httpServer.createContext("/", new HttpHandler() {
                @Override
                public void handle(HttpExchange httpExchange) throws IOException {
                    System.out.println("url: " + httpExchange.getRequestURI().getQuery());
                    httpExchange.sendResponseHeaders(200, "hello".length());
                    httpExchange.getResponseBody().write("hello".getBytes());
                }
            });
            httpServer.createContext("/hello", new HttpHandler() {
                @Override
                public void handle(HttpExchange httpExchange) throws IOException {
                    System.out.println("---url: " + httpExchange.getRequestURI().getQuery());
                    httpExchange.sendResponseHeaders(200, "hello".length());
                    httpExchange.getResponseBody().write("hello".getBytes());
                }
            });
            httpServer.start();
//            httpServer.stop(0);
    }
}

其中有requestbody requestURI responseBody，可以更方便的自定义，可以支持https，需要证书

HttpsServer

其实观其源码也是ServerSocketChannel实现的

总结

这里通过手动实现了java http，其实现在的Tomcat jetty都是根据这些原理来实现的，封装的异常强大。以Tomcat为例，支持BIO、NIO、APR模式，除了APR，其他都是Tomcat通过Java socket实现的。openjdk的官网可以下载源码，使用需要遵循GNU v2协议