首先synchronized是阻塞式锁,悲观锁,会造成线程的挂起和恢复操作。JVM JDK1.2以后的线程模型是用户态和内核态共同存在,存在切换开销。
先看段代码
public class Test2 {
public synchronized void test() {
System.out.println("hello");
}
public void test3() {
synchronized (this) {
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
public static synchronized void test2() {
System.out.println("hello");
}
}
常用用法,修饰对象,方法,静态方法
看原理
使用javap -c xx.class > 1.txt
public synchronized void test();
Code:
0: getstatic #2 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: ldc #3 // String hello
5: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
8: return
public void test3();
Code:
0: aload_0
1: dup
2: astore_1
3: monitorenter
4: getstatic #2 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
7: ldc #3 // String hello
9: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
12: aload_1
13: monitorexit
14: goto 22
17: astore_2
18: aload_1
19: monitorexit
20: aload_2
21: athrow
22: return
Exception table:
from to target type
4 14 17 any
17 20 17 any
public static synchronized void test2();
Code:
0: getstatic #2 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: ldc #3 // String hello
5: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
8: return
通过javap -v即可显示详情
Classfile /Users/huahua/IdeaProjects/web-filter/target/classes/com/feng/demo/Test.class
Last modified 2020-5-6; size 731 bytes
MD5 checksum caa59f5b81fc01bdb2e60cd740a60c5a
Compiled from "Test.java"
public class com.feng.demo.Test
minor version: 0
major version: 52
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER
Constant pool:
#1 = Methodref #6.#23 // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
#2 = Fieldref #24.#25 // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#3 = String #26 // hello
#4 = Methodref #27.#28 // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
#5 = Class #29 // com/feng/demo/Test
#6 = Class #30 // java/lang/Object
#7 = Utf8 <init>
#8 = Utf8 ()V
#9 = Utf8 Code
#10 = Utf8 LineNumberTable
#11 = Utf8 LocalVariableTable
#12 = Utf8 this
#13 = Utf8 Lcom/feng/demo/Test;
#14 = Utf8 test
#15 = Utf8 test3
#16 = Utf8 StackMapTable
#17 = Class #29 // com/feng/demo/Test
#18 = Class #30 // java/lang/Object
#19 = Class #31 // java/lang/Throwable
#20 = Utf8 test2
#21 = Utf8 SourceFile
#22 = Utf8 Test.java
#23 = NameAndType #7:#8 // "<init>":()V
#24 = Class #32 // java/lang/System
#25 = NameAndType #33:#34 // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#26 = Utf8 hello
#27 = Class #35 // java/io/PrintStream
#28 = NameAndType #36:#37 // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
#29 = Utf8 com/feng/demo/Test
#30 = Utf8 java/lang/Object
#31 = Utf8 java/lang/Throwable
#32 = Utf8 java/lang/System
#33 = Utf8 out
#34 = Utf8 Ljava/io/PrintStream;
#35 = Utf8 java/io/PrintStream
#36 = Utf8 println
#37 = Utf8 (Ljava/lang/String;)V
{
public com.feng.demo.Test();
descriptor: ()V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
Code:
stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
0: aload_0
1: invokespecial #1 // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
4: return
LineNumberTable:
line 3: 0
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 5 0 this Lcom/feng/demo/Test;
public synchronized void test();
descriptor: ()V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SYNCHRONIZED
Code:
stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
0: getstatic #2 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: ldc #3 // String hello
5: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
8: return
LineNumberTable:
line 5: 0
line 6: 8
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 9 0 this Lcom/feng/demo/Test;
public void test3();
descriptor: ()V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC
Code:
stack=2, locals=3, args_size=1
0: aload_0
1: dup
2: astore_1
3: monitorenter
4: getstatic #2 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
7: ldc #3 // String hello
9: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
12: aload_1
13: monitorexit
14: goto 22
17: astore_2
18: aload_1
19: monitorexit
20: aload_2
21: athrow
22: return
Exception table:
from to target type
4 14 17 any
17 20 17 any
LineNumberTable:
line 9: 0
line 10: 4
line 11: 12
line 12: 22
LocalVariableTable:
Start Length Slot Name Signature
0 23 0 this Lcom/feng/demo/Test;
StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 2
frame_type = 255 /* full_frame */
offset_delta = 17
locals = [ class com/feng/demo/Test, class java/lang/Object ]
stack = [ class java/lang/Throwable ]
frame_type = 250 /* chop */
offset_delta = 4
public static synchronized void test2();
descriptor: ()V
flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC, ACC_SYNCHRONIZED
Code:
stack=2, locals=0, args_size=0
0: getstatic #2 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
3: ldc #3 // String hello
5: invokevirtual #4 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
8: return
LineNumberTable:
line 15: 0
line 16: 8
}
SourceFile: "Test.java"
对应上面的代码,class字节码,比如aload_1即class虚拟机字节码指令,其实很多语言可以编译为class文件,所有Java虚拟机实际上是class虚拟机。
可以看出本质monitorenter和monitorexit指令
同步方法其实是
flags: ACC_SYNCHRONIZED,通过-v参数可以直观地看见底层实现。
实际上,锁的本质满足如下:
1、原子性:当一个线程操作共享变量的时候,其他线程不能操作。实际就是串行修改。
2、可见性:当一个线程修改一个变量的时候,其他的线程及时知道更新缓存变量(参考计算机原理CPU与内存或主存的交互设计)
3、(可选)可重入:当一个线程拿到某个锁后,当该线程在释放该锁之前,可以重复获取该锁,当然释放次数与获取次数相同,否则死锁
从上可看出synchronized 的用途
1. 对于同步方法,锁是当前实例对象。
2. 对于同步方法块,锁是Synchonized括号里的对象。
3. 对于静态同步方法,锁是当前对象的Class对象。类似 synchronized (this.class)
JDK8及以后的版本JDK对synchronized做了优化,对于写操作频繁的线程安全推荐使用,性能较强
synchronized是操作对象头的monitor实现的,所以当时用sleep和wait的时候,在sleep方法中没有释放monitor,所以锁未释放,而wait方法释放了monitor对象,释放了锁
核心原理:JMM模型操作协议原子性
monitorenter和monitorexit指令操作lock和unlock指令, 保证主内存与工作内存的一致性