数据存储

一.Android文件读写操作

1. 文件的基本操作。
2.读取Assets与raw文件夹中的数据。
3. 读写内部存储与外部存储。

<strong> String fileName="t.txt";
        //1.文件基本操作
        File file=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),fileName);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            try {
                file.createNewFile();
                LogUtils.e("文件创建成功" + file.getAbsolutePath());
                FileOutputStream outputStream=new FileOutputStream(file);
                OutputStreamWriter outputStreamWriter=new OutputStreamWriter(outputStream);
                outputStreamWriter.write("gst is ok");
                outputStreamWriter.flush();
                outputStreamWriter.close();
                outputStream.close();
                LogUtils.e("文件写入成功" + file.getAbsolutePath());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }else{
            LogUtils.e("文件创建失败");
        }
        //2.读取Assets中的文件
        try {
            InputStream inputStream=getResources().getAssets().open("t.txt");
            MediaPlayer mediaPlayer=new MediaPlayer();
            mediaPlayer.setDataSource(getResources().getAssets().openFd("shot.mp3").getFileDescriptor());
            int length=inputStream.available();
            byte[] bytes=new byte[length];
            inputStream.read(bytes,0,length);
            String msg=new String(bytes);
            LogUtils.e(msg);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //3.读取raw下的文件
        try {
            InputStream inputStream=getResources().openRawResource(R.raw.t);
            int length=inputStream.available();
            byte[] bytes=new byte[length];
            inputStream.read(bytes,0,length);
            String msg=new String(bytes);
            LogUtils.e(msg);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        //4.读取外部存储
        if (file.exists()) {
            try {
                FileInputStream inputStream=new FileInputStream(file);
                byte[] bytes=new byte[1024];
                int count=0;
                StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
                while ((count=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){
                    buffer.append(new String(bytes,0,count));
                }
                LogUtils.e("文件读取成功" + buffer);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }else{
            LogUtils.e("文件不存在");

        }
</strong>

二.Android读写首选项

SharedPreference是Android系统中轻量级存储数据的一种方式，操作简便快捷，它的本质是基于XML文件存储Key-Value键值对数据，适合存放程序状态的配置信息。

1. SharedPreference的概念与使用
2. PreferenceActivity的操作

<strong><PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <SwitchPreference
        android:key="example_switch"
        android:title="@string/pref_title_social_recommendations"
        android:summary="@string/pref_description_social_recommendations"
        android:defaultValue="true" />

    <!-- NOTE: EditTextPreference accepts EditText attributes. -->
    <!-- NOTE: EditTextPreference's summary should be set to its value by the activity code. -->
    <EditTextPreference
        android:key="example_text"
        android:title="@string/pref_title_display_name"
        android:defaultValue="@string/pref_default_display_name"
        android:selectAllOnFocus="true"
        android:inputType="textCapWords"
        android:capitalize="words"
        android:singleLine="true"
        android:maxLines="1" />

    <!-- NOTE: Hide buttons to simplify the UI. Users can touch outside the dialog to
         dismiss it. -->
    <!-- NOTE: ListPreference's summary should be set to its value by the activity code. -->
    <ListPreference
        android:key="example_list"
        android:title="@string/pref_title_add_friends_to_messages"
        android:defaultValue="-1"
        android:entries="@array/pref_example_list_titles"
        android:entryValues="@array/pref_example_list_values"
        android:negativeButtonText="@null"
        android:positiveButtonText="@null" />
    <CheckBoxPreference
        android:title="是否开启"
        android:summaryOn="已经开启"
        android:summaryOff=""
        android:key="checkbox">

    </CheckBoxPreference>

</PreferenceScreen>
</strong>

三.使用SQLite数据库存储数据

1.使用代码读写SQLite数据库
2.通过界面操作数据库

四.应用间数据传递

1.认识ContentProvider。
2.使用SQLite存储简单的数据和应用间通过ContentProvider通信数据。

五.在Android中操作XML数据

03:44

1.XML数据结构知识。

XML，即可扩展标记语言（Extensible Markup Language），标准通用标记语言的子集，一种用于标记电子文件使其具有结构性的标记语言。它可以用来标记数据、定义数据类型，是一种允许用户对自己的标记语言进行定义的源语言。本课时对XML数据格式进行介绍。

2.在Android中读取XML中的数据。

 public void readXml(View view) {
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        DocumentBuilder builder= null;
        StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
        try {
            builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document document=builder.parse(getAssets().open("languages.xml"));
            Element element=document.getDocumentElement();
            NodeList nodeList=element.getElementsByTagName("lan");
            for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {
                Element element1= (Element) nodeList.item(i);
                buffer.append(element1.getAttribute("id")+"\n");
                buffer.append(element1.getElementsByTagName("name").item(0).getTextContent()+"\n");
                buffer.append(element1.getElementsByTagName("ide").item(0).getTextContent()+"\n");
            }
            LogUtils.e(buffer.toString());
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

3.在Android中生成XML数据。

  public void writeXml(View view) {
        DocumentBuilderFactory factory=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        try {
            DocumentBuilder builder=factory.newDocumentBuilder();
            Document newXml=builder.newDocument();
            Element languages=newXml.createElement("languages");
            languages.setAttribute("cat", "it");

            Element lan1=newXml.createElement("lan");
            lan1.setAttribute("id", "1");
            Element name1=newXml.createElement("name");
            name1.setTextContent("Java");
            Element ide1=newXml.createElement("ide");
            ide1.setTextContent("Eclipse");
            lan1.appendChild(name1);
            lan1.appendChild(ide1);
            languages.appendChild(lan1);

            Element lan2=newXml.createElement("lan");
            lan2.setAttribute("id", "2");
            Element name2=newXml.createElement("name");
            name2.setTextContent("Swift");
            Element ide2=newXml.createElement("ide");
            ide2.setTextContent("XCode");
            lan2.appendChild(name2);
            lan2.appendChild(ide2);
            languages.appendChild(lan2);

            Element lan3=newXml.createElement("lan");
            lan3.setAttribute("id", "3");
            Element name3=newXml.createElement("name");
            name3.setTextContent("C++");
            Element ide3=newXml.createElement("ide");
            ide3.setTextContent("Visual Studio");
            lan3.appendChild(name3);
            lan3.appendChild(ide3);
            languages.appendChild(lan3);

            newXml.appendChild(languages);

            TransformerFactory transformerFactory=TransformerFactory.newInstance();
            Transformer transformer=transformerFactory.newTransformer();
            transformer.setOutputProperty("encoding","utf-8");
            transformer.setOutputProperty("version","1.0");
            File file=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+File.separator+"languages.xml");
            if (!file.exists()){
                file.createNewFile();
            }
            FileOutputStream outputStream=new FileOutputStream(file);
            transformer.transform(new DOMSource(newXml),new StreamResult(outputStream));
            LogUtils.i("transformer succeed");
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (TransformerException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

六.在Android中操作JSON数据

1.JSON数据的特点与优势。

JSON：JavaScript 对象表示法（JavaScript Object Notation）。独立于语言和平台，比 XML 更小、更快，更易解析。如今JSON数据已经成为了互联网中大多数数据的传递方式，所以必须要熟练掌握。
2.在Android中加载并解析JSON数据。

  public void readJson(View view){
        try {
            InputStream inputStream=getAssets().open("test.json");
            byte[] bytes=new byte[1024];
            int count=0;
            StringBuffer buffer=new StringBuffer();
            while ((count=inputStream.read(bytes))>0){
                buffer.append(new String(bytes,0,count));
            }
            JSONObject root=new JSONObject(buffer.toString());
            LogUtils.i("cat="+root.getString("cat"));
            JSONArray jsonArray=root.getJSONArray("people");
            for (int i = 0; i < jsonArray.length(); i++) {
                JSONObject jsonObject=jsonArray.getJSONObject(i);
                LogUtils.i("firstName="+jsonObject.getString("firstName"));
                LogUtils.i("lastName="+jsonObject.getString("lastName"));
                LogUtils.i("email="+jsonObject.getString("email"));
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

3.在Android中生成JSON数据。

 public void writeJson(View view){
        try {
            JSONObject root=new JSONObject();
            root.put("cat","it");

            JSONObject people1=new JSONObject();
            people1.put("firstName","Brett");
            people1.put("lastName","McLaughlin");
            people1.put("email","aaaa");
            JSONObject people2=new JSONObject();
            people2.put("firstName","Brett");
            people2.put("lastName","McLaughlin");
            people2.put("email","aaaa");
            JSONObject people3=new JSONObject();
            people3.put("firstName","Brett");
            people3.put("lastName","McLaughlin");
            people3.put("email","aaaa");

            JSONArray jsonArray=new JSONArray();
            jsonArray.put(people1);
            jsonArray.put(people2);
            jsonArray.put(people3);
            root.put("people",jsonArray);

            File file=new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()+File.separator+"test.json");
            if (!file.exists()){
                file.createNewFile();
            }
            FileOutputStream outputStream=new FileOutputStream(file);
            outputStream.write(root.toString().getBytes());
            LogUtils.i(root.toString());
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }