市场上有几款比较好的开源库供使用,比如PyWebSocket,WebSocket-Node, LibWebSockets等,这些库文件已经实现了WebSocket数据包的封装和解析,我们可以调用这些接口减少工作量。
1. PyWebSocket
PyWebSocket采用Python语言编写,可以很好的跨平台,扩展起来也比较简单,目前WebKit采用它搭建WebSocket服务器来做LayoutTest,参见http://code.google.com/p/pywebsocket/
2.WebSocket-Node
WebSocket-Node采用JavaScript语言编写,这个库是建立在nodejs之上的,参见https://github.com/Worlize/Websocket-Node
3. LibWebSockets
LibWebSockets采用C/C++语言编写,可定制化的力度更大,从TCP监听开始到封包的完成我们都可以参与编程。参见git://git.warmcat.com/libwebsockets
4.Netty
采用了 Netty 中的 NIO 来构建 WebSocket 后端,参见:https://github.com/netty/netty
一.下面介绍一下用Netty搭建WebSocket服务器
1.WebsocketChatServer .java
package com.waylau.netty.demo.websocketchat;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelOption;
import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
/**
* Websocket 聊天服务器-服务端
*
* @author waylau.com
* @date 2015-3-7
*/
public class WebsocketChatServer {
private int port;
public WebsocketChatServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public void run() throws Exception {
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) // (3)
.childHandler(new WebsocketChatServerInitializer()) //处理初始化类
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true); // 保持长连接
System.out.println("WebsocketChatServer 启动了" + port);
// 绑定端口,开始接收进来的连接
ChannelFuture f = b.bind(port).sync(); // (7)
// 等待服务器 socket 关闭 。
// 在这个例子中,这不会发生,但你可以优雅地关闭你的服务器。
f.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
System.out.println("WebsocketChatServer 关闭了");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port;
if (args.length > 0) {
port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
} else {
port = 8080;
}
new WebsocketChatServer(port).run();
}
}
2.服务端 ChannelInitializer
package com.waylau.netty.demo.websocketchat;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler;
import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;
/**
* 服务端 ChannelInitializer
*
* @author
* @date 2015-3-13
*/
public class WebsocketChatServerInitializer extends
ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { //1
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {//2
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());
pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(64*1024));
pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler());
pipeline.addLast(new HttpRequestHandler("/ws"));
pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws"));
pipeline.addLast(new TextWebSocketFrameHandler());
}
}
3.处理TextWebSocketFrame
package com.waylau.netty.demo.websocketchat;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
/**
* 处理TextWebSocketFrame
*
* @author
* 2015年3月26日
*/
public class TextWebSocketFrameHandler extends
SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> {
public static ChannelGroup channels = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx,
TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception { // 读取数据并转发
Channel incoming = ctx.channel();
for (Channel channel : channels) {
if (channel != incoming){
channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg.text()));
} else {
channel.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame(msg.text()));
}
}
}
@Override
public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { // 连接时调用
Channel incoming = ctx.channel();
// Broadcast a message to multiple Channels
channels.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("[SERVER] - " + incoming.remoteAddress() + " 加入"));
channels.add(incoming);
System.out.println("Client:"+incoming.remoteAddress() +"加入");
}
@Override
public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { // 移除时调用
Channel incoming = ctx.channel();
// Broadcast a message to multiple Channels
channels.writeAndFlush(new TextWebSocketFrame("[SERVER] - " + incoming.remoteAddress() + " 离开"));
System.out.println("Client:"+incoming.remoteAddress() +"离开");
// A closed Channel is automatically removed from ChannelGroup,
// so there is no need to do "channels.remove(ctx.channel());"
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { //
Channel incoming = ctx.channel();
System.out.println("Client:"+incoming.remoteAddress()+"在线");
}
@Override
public void channelInactive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { //
Channel incoming = ctx.channel();
System.out.println("Client:"+incoming.remoteAddress()+"掉线");
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) // 异常则关闭
throws Exception {
Channel incoming = ctx.channel();
System.out.println("Client:"+incoming.remoteAddress()+"异常");
// 当出现异常就关闭连接
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
二.,客户端
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>WebSocket Chat</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var socket;
if (!window.WebSocket) {
window.WebSocket = window.MozWebSocket;
}
if (window.WebSocket) {
socket = new WebSocket("ws://192.169.1.101:8080/ws");
socket.onmessage = function(event) {
var ta = document.getElementById('responseText');
ta.value = ta.value + '\n' + event.data
};
socket.onopen = function(event) {
var ta = document.getElementById('responseText');
ta.value = "连接开启!";
};
socket.onclose = function(event) {
var ta = document.getElementById('responseText');
ta.value = ta.value + "连接被关闭";
};
} else {
alert("你的浏览器不支持 WebSocket!");
}
function send(message) {
if (!window.WebSocket) {
return;
}
if (socket.readyState == WebSocket.OPEN) {
socket.send(message);
} else {
alert("连接没有开启.");
}
}
</script>
<form οnsubmit="return false;">
<h3>WebSocket 聊天室:</h3>
<textarea id="responseText" style="width: 500px; height: 300px;"></textarea>
<br>
<input type="text" name="message" style="width: 300px" value="Welcome to www.waylau.com">
<input type="button" value="发送消息" οnclick="send(this.form.message.value)">
<input type="button" οnclick="javascript:document.getElementById('responseText').value=''" value="清空聊天记录">
</form>
<br>
<br>
</body>
</html>
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