等额本息
等额本息还款法即把按揭贷款的本金总额与利息总额相加,然后平均分摊到还款期限的每个月中,每个月的还款额是固定的,但每月还款额中的本金比重逐月递增、利息比重逐月递减。
定义变量
- 贷款金额 P P P
- 贷款月利率 I m I_m Im
- 贷款月数 M M M
- 月供 X X X
我们常说的利率、贷款年限就是
- 贷款年利率 I y I_y Iy
- 贷款年数 Y Y Y
因此
I
m
=
I
y
÷
12
I_m=I_y \div 12
Im=Iy÷12
M
=
Y
×
12
M=Y \times 12
M=Y×12
由于贷款常常是每月进行还款,所以利息结算也是使用月利率来计算,
因此,我们这里主要使用变量:
P
、
I
m
、
M
P、I_m、M
P、Im、M
计算方式
月供 X = P × I m × ( 1 + I m ) M ( 1 + I m ) M − 1 X=P \times I_m \times \frac{(1+I_m)^M} {(1+I_m)^M-1} X=P×Im×(1+Im)M−1(1+Im)M
推导计算
每期还款本金
每期还款金额 = 上期剩余贷款本金所产生的利息+本月还款本金
假设第n期还款本金为Pn
-
第一期所还本金 P 1 = X − P × I m P1 = X - P \times I_m P1=X−P×Im
-
第二期所还本金
P 2 = X − ( P − P 1 ) × I m P2= X - (P - P1) \times I_m P2=X−(P−P1)×Im
= X − P × I m + P 1 × I m = X - P \times I_m + P1 \times I_m =X−P×Im+P1×Im
= P 1 + P 1 × I m = P1 + P1 \times I_m =P1+P1×Im
= P 1 × ( 1 + I m ) = P1 \times (1 + I_m) =P1×(1+Im) -
第三期所还本金
P 3 = X − ( P − P 1 − P 2 ) × I m P3 = X - (P - P1 - P2) \times I_m P3=X−(P−P1−P2)×Im
= X − P × I m + P 1 × I m + P 2 × I m = X - P \times I_m + P1 \times I_m + P2 \times I_m =X−P×Im+P1×Im+P2×Im
= P 1 + P 1 × I m + P 1 × ( 1 + I m ) × I m = P1 + P1 \times I_m + P1 \times (1 + I_m) \times I_m =P1+P1×Im+P1×(1+Im)×Im
= P 1 + 2 P 1 × I m + P 1 × I m 2 = P1 + 2P1 \times I_m + P1 \times I_m^2 =P1+2P1×Im+P1×Im2
= P 1 × ( 1 + 2 I m + I m 2 ) = P1 \times (1 + 2I_m + I_m^2) =P1×(1+2Im+Im2)
= P 1 × ( 1 + I m ) 2 = P1 \times (1 + I_m)^2 =P1×(1+Im)2
得出
P
3
=
P
2
×
(
1
+
I
m
)
P3= P2 \times (1 + I_m)
P3=P2×(1+Im)
-
第n期所还本金
P n = P n − 1 × ( 1 + I m ) Pn = P_{n-1} \times (1+I_m) Pn=Pn−1×(1+Im)
= P 1 × ( 1 + I m ) n − 1 =P1\times(1+I_m)^{n-1} =P1×(1+Im)n−1 -
M期所还本金和为P
P = P 1 + P 2 + . . . + P M P=P1+P2+...+P_M P=P1+P2+...+PM
= P 1 + P 1 × ( 1 + I m ) + P 1 × ( 1 + I m ) 2 + . . . + P 1 × ( 1 + I m ) M − 1 =P1+P1 \times (1 + I_m)+P1 \times (1 + I_m)^2+...+P1 \times (1 + I_m)^{M-1} =P1+P1×(1+Im)+P1×(1+Im)2+...+P1×(1+Im)M−1
= P 1 × [ 1 + ( 1 + I m ) + ( 1 + I m ) 2 + . . . + ( 1 + I m ) M − 1 ] =P1 \times [1+(1 + I_m)+(1 + I_m)^2+...+(1 + I_m)^{M-1}] =P1×[1+(1+Im)+(1+Im)2+...+(1+Im)M−1]
= P 1 × 1 − ( 1 + I m ) M 1 − ( 1 + I m ) =P1 \times \frac{1-(1+I_m)^M} {1-(1+I_m)} =P1×1−(1+Im)1−(1+Im)M
= P 1 × ( 1 + I m ) M − 1 I m =P1 \times \frac{(1+I_m)^M-1} {I_m} =P1×Im(1+Im)M−1
= ( X − P × I m ) × ( 1 + I m ) M − 1 I m =(X - P \times I_m) \times \frac{(1+I_m)^M-1} {I_m} =(X−P×Im)×Im(1+Im)M−1
等式
P
=
(
X
−
P
×
I
m
)
×
(
1
+
I
m
)
M
−
1
I
m
P=(X - P \times I_m) \times \frac{(1+I_m)^M-1} {I_m}
P=(X−P×Im)×Im(1+Im)M−1
推出
X
=
P
×
I
m
×
(
1
+
I
m
)
M
(
1
+
I
m
)
M
−
1
X=P \times I_m \times \frac{(1+I_m)^M} {(1+I_m)^M-1}
X=P×Im×(1+Im)M−1(1+Im)M
reference
- https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E7%AD%89%E9%A2%9D%E6%9C%AC%E6%81%AF%E8%BF%98%E6%AC%BE%E6%B3%95
- https://www.jianshu.com/p/fcd3785a758f
- https://www.zhmf.com/zixun/61829.html