Sql 中游标的使用 示例

A. 在简单的游标中使用 FETCH

以下示例为 Person.Contact 表中姓氏以字母 B 开头的行声明了一个简单的游标，并使用 FETCH NEXT 逐个提取这些行。FETCH 语句以单行结果集形式返回在 DECLARE CURSOR 中指定的列的值。

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USE AdventureWorks
GO
DECLARE contact_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT LastName FROM Person.Contact
WHERE LastName LIKE 'B%'
ORDER BY LastName

OPEN contact_cursor

-- Perform the first fetch.
FETCH NEXT FROM contact_cursor

-- Check @@FETCH_STATUS to see if there are any more rows to fetch.
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
   -- This is executed as long as the previous fetch succeeds.
   FETCH NEXT FROM contact_cursor
END

CLOSE contact_cursor
DEALLOCATE contact_cursor
GO

B. 使用 FETCH 将值存入变量

以下示例与上面的示例相似，但 FETCH 语句的输出存储于局部变量而不是直接返回到客户端。PRINT 语句将变量组合成单一字符串并将其返回到客户端。

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USE AdventureWorks
GO
-- Declare the variables to store the values returned by FETCH.
DECLARE @LastName varchar(50), @FirstName varchar(50)

DECLARE contact_cursor CURSOR FOR
SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Person.Contact
WHERE LastName LIKE 'B%'
ORDER BY LastName, FirstName

OPEN contact_cursor

-- Perform the first fetch and store the values in variables.
-- Note: The variables are in the same order as the columns
-- in the SELECT statement. 

FETCH NEXT FROM contact_cursor
INTO @LastName, @FirstName

-- Check @@FETCH_STATUS to see if there are any more rows to fetch.
WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN

   -- Concatenate and display the current values in the variables.
   PRINT 'Contact Name: ' + @FirstName + ' ' +  @LastName

   -- This is executed as long as the previous fetch succeeds.
   FETCH NEXT FROM contact_cursor
   INTO @LastName, @FirstName
END

CLOSE contact_cursor
DEALLOCATE contact_cursor
GO

C. 声明 SCROLL 游标并使用其他 FETCH 选项

以下示例创建一个 SCROLL 游标，使其通过 LAST、PRIOR、RELATIVE 和 ABSOLUTE 选项支持全部滚动功能。

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USE AdventureWorks
GO
-- Execute the SELECT statement alone to show the 
-- full result set that is used by the cursor.
SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Person.Contact
ORDER BY LastName, FirstName

-- Declare the cursor.
DECLARE contact_cursor SCROLL CURSOR FOR
SELECT LastName, FirstName FROM Person.Contact
ORDER BY LastName, FirstName

OPEN contact_cursor

-- Fetch the last row in the cursor.
FETCH LAST FROM contact_cursor

-- Fetch the row immediately prior to the current row in the cursor.
FETCH PRIOR FROM contact_cursor

-- Fetch the second row in the cursor.
FETCH ABSOLUTE 2 FROM contact_cursor

-- Fetch the row that is three rows after the current row.
FETCH RELATIVE 3 FROM contact_cursor

-- Fetch the row that is two rows prior to the current row.
FETCH RELATIVE -2 FROM contact_cursor

CLOSE contact_cursor
DEALLOCATE contact_cursor
GO