JDK7:HashMap

数组+链表,存储的是Entry对象

static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
static final Entry<?,?>[] EMPTY_TABLE = {};
transient Entry<K,V>[] table = (Entry<K,V>[]) EMPTY_TABLE;
static class Entry<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
        final K key;
        V value;
        Entry<K,V> next;
        int hash;
}

put方法

    public V put(K key, V value) {
        if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
            inflateTable(threshold);
        }
        if (key == null)
            return putForNullKey(value);
        int hash = hash(key);
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                e.recordAccess(this);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }

        modCount++;
        addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
        return null;
    }

hash函数，尽量使高位也参与到运算中，减少hash冲突

    final int hash(Object k) {
        int h = hashSeed;
        if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
            return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
        }

        h ^= k.hashCode();

        // This function ensures that hashCodes that differ only by
        // constant multiples at each bit position have a bounded
        // number of collisions (approximately 8 at default load factor).
        h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
        return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
    }

数组的容量是2的幂次方数,用&运算去计算数组的下标

int capacity = roundUpToPowerOf2(toSize);
static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
        // assert Integer.bitCount(length) == 1 : "length must be a non-zero power of 2";
        return h & (length-1);
    }

解决冲突是拉链法，链表是头插法

Entry(int h, K k, V v, Entry<K,V> n) {
            value = v;
            next = n;
            key = k;
            hash = h;
        }
void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
        Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
        //头插法
        table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
        size++;
    }

key==null时存放在table[0]

private V putForNullKey(V value) {
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            if (e.key == null) {
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                //linkedHashMap做了实现
                e.recordAccess(this);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }
        modCount++;
        addEntry(0, null, value, 0);
        return null;
    }

Integer.highestOneBit(10);//<=10的2的幂次方

//number=16,((number - 1) << 1)=30, return 16
//number=17,((number - 1) << 1)=32, return 32
private static int roundUpToPowerOf2(int number) {
        // assert number >= 0 : "number must be non-negative";
        return number >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY
                ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY
                : (number > 1) ? Integer.highestOneBit((number - 1) << 1) : 1;
}
public static int highestOneBit(int i) {
        // HD, Figure 3-1
        i |= (i >>  1);
        i |= (i >>  2);
        i |= (i >>  4);
        i |= (i >>  8);
        i |= (i >> 16);
        return i - (i >>> 1);
}   

modCount–ConcurrentModificationException异常

public void remove() {
            if (current == null)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            if (modCount != expectedModCount)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            Object k = current.key;
            current = null;
            HashMap.this.removeEntryForKey(k);
            expectedModCount = modCount;
        }

resize
在扩容resize（）过程中，采用单链表的头插入方式，在将旧数组上的数据 转移到 新数组上时，转移操作 = 按旧链表的正序遍历链表、在新链表的头部依次插入，即在转移数据、扩容后，容易出现链表逆序的情况 。 多线程下resize()容易出现死循环。此时若（多线程）并发执行 put（）操作，一旦出现扩容情况，则 容易出现 环形链表，从而在获取数据、遍历链表时 形成死循环（Infinite Loop），即 死锁的状态 。

void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
        if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
            resize(2 * table.length);
            hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
            bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
        }
        createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
    }
void resize(int newCapacity) {
        Entry[] oldTable = table;
        int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
        if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return;
        }

        Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
        transfer(newTable, initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity));
        table = newTable;
        threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
    }
void transfer(Entry[] newTable, boolean rehash) {
        int newCapacity = newTable.length;
        for (Entry<K,V> e : table) {
            while(null != e) {
                Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
                if (rehash) {
                    e.hash = null == e.key ? 0 : hash(e.key);
                }
                int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
                e.next = newTable[i];
                newTable[i] = e;
                e = next;
            }
        }
    }