IGMP(igmp.h)

/* Copyright (C) 1997, 1999, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   This file is part of the GNU C Library.

   The GNU C Library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.

   The GNU C Library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
   Lesser General Public License for more details.

   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
   License along with the GNU C Library; if not, write to the Free
   Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
   02111-1307 USA.  */

#ifndef _NETINET_IGMP_H
#define    _NETINET_IGMP_H 1

#include <sys/cdefs.h>
#include <sys/types.h>

#ifdef __USE_BSD

#include <netinet/in.h>

__BEGIN_DECLS

/*
 * Copyright (c) 1988 Stephen Deering.
 * Copyright (c) 1992, 1993
 *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
 *
 * This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by
 * Stephen Deering of Stanford University.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
 *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
 *    without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 *    @(#)igmp.h    8.1 (Berkeley) 6/10/93
 *    $FreeBSD$
 */

struct igmp {
  u_int8_t igmp_type;             /* IGMP type */
  u_int8_t igmp_code;             /* routing code */
  u_int16_t igmp_cksum;           /* checksum */
  struct in_addr igmp_group;      /* group address */
};


#define IGMP_MINLEN            8

/*
 * Message types, including version number.
 */
#define IGMP_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY       0x11    /* membership query         */
#define IGMP_V1_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT    0x12    /* Ver. 1 membership report */
#define IGMP_V2_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT    0x16    /* Ver. 2 membership report */
#define IGMP_V2_LEAVE_GROUP        0x17    /* Leave-group message        */

#define IGMP_DVMRP            0x13    /* DVMRP routing message    */
#define IGMP_PIM            0x14    /* PIM routing message      */
#define IGMP_TRACE            0x15

#define IGMP_MTRACE_RESP        0x1e    /* traceroute resp.(to sender)*/
#define IGMP_MTRACE            0x1f    /* mcast traceroute messages  */

#define IGMP_MAX_HOST_REPORT_DELAY    10    /* max delay for response to     */
                        /*  query (in seconds) according */
                        /*  to RFC1112                   */
#define IGMP_TIMER_SCALE        10    /* denotes that the igmp code field */
                        /* specifies time in 10th of seconds*/

/*
 * States for the IGMP v2 state table.
 */
#define IGMP_DELAYING_MEMBER    1
#define IGMP_IDLE_MEMBER    2
#define IGMP_LAZY_MEMBER    3
#define IGMP_SLEEPING_MEMBER    4
#define IGMP_AWAKENING_MEMBER    5

/*
 * States for IGMP router version cache.
 */
#define IGMP_v1_ROUTER        1
#define IGMP_v2_ROUTER        2

/*
 * The following four defininitions are for backwards compatibility.
 * They should be removed as soon as all applications are updated to
 * use the new constant names.
 */
#define IGMP_HOST_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY    IGMP_MEMBERSHIP_QUERY
#define IGMP_HOST_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT    IGMP_V1_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT
#define IGMP_HOST_NEW_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT    IGMP_V2_MEMBERSHIP_REPORT
#define IGMP_HOST_LEAVE_MESSAGE        IGMP_V2_LEAVE_GROUP

__END_DECLS

#endif

#endif    /* netinet/igmp.h */
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IGMP(Internet Group Management Protocol,互联网组管理协议)是用于管理 IP 组播(Multicast)组的协议。IGMP 协议通常运行在主机和路由器之间,主要功能是让路由器知道主机加入了哪些组播组,并根据需要转发组播数据包。 在 Linux 内核中,IGMP 协议的实现主要涉及以下几个文件: 1. include/net/igmp.h:IGMP 协议的数据结构和函数声明。 2. net/ipv4/igmp.c:IGMP 协议的实现,包括 IGMPv1、IGMPv2、IGMPv3。 3. net/ipv4/ipmr.c:IP 多播路由的实现。 4. net/ipv4/igmp_core.c:IGMP 协议的核心实现,包括 IGMP 消息的处理、主机组播组的维护等。 下面简单介绍 IGMP 协议的实现过程: 1. IGMP 协议的初始化 当系统启动时,IGMP 协议会被初始化。在初始化过程中,会创建一个 IGMP 控制块(igmp_mc_list)用于维护主机加入的组播组信息,以及创建一个 IGMP 定时器(igmp_timer)用于维护 IGMP 消息的发送和接收。 2. IGMP 消息的发送和接收 IGMP 协议主要有两种消息:查询消息和报告消息。查询消息用于查询主机加入的组播组信息,报告消息用于向路由器报告主机加入或离开组播组信息。 当主机加入或离开组播组时,会向 IGMP 控制块中添加或删除相应的组播组信息,并向路由器发送相应的报告消息。 当路由器需要查询主机加入的组播组信息时,会向主机发送查询消息。主机收到查询消息后,会向路由器发送相应的报告消息。 3. 组播数据包的转发 当路由器收到一个组播数据包时,会根据 IP 多播路由表进行转发。IP 多播路由表中记录了组播组的地址和对应的出接口。在转发组播数据包时,路由器会根据数据包的目的组播地址和多播路由表中的信息,选择一个或多个出接口进行转发。 如果一个接口上有多个主机加入了同一个组播组,那么路由器只需要向该组播组加入的第一个主机发送数据包,其他主机可以通过 IGMP 协议的报告消息获取数据包。 以上是 IGMP 协议在 Linux 内核中的简单实现过程。如果想要深入了解 IGMP 协议的实现细节,可以参考相关文献或者阅读内核源代码。

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