python selenium webdriver 手册文档

python selenium webdriver 手册文档

 

1.安装与配置

 

pip install selenium

 

基本使用selenium都是为了动态加载网页内容用于爬虫，所以一般也会用到phantomjs

 

mac下如果要配置phantomjs环境的话

 

echo $PATH

 

ln -s

 

至于chromeDriver，配置方法类似，下载地址：

 

https://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/

 

2.代码样例

 

 复制代码

#!/usr/bin/env Python

# coding=utf-8

 

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

import time

keyword = '家有'.decode('utf-8')

chrome_options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()

# chrome_options.binary_location = "C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Google\\Application\\chrome.exe"

# chrome_options.add_argument('--user-agent=iphone')

# chrome_options.add_argument('--proxy-server=http://61.155.164.110:3128')

 

#driver = webdriver.Ie()

#driver = webdriver.Firefox()

driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=chrome_options)

driver.get('http://www.baidu.com')

driver.find_element_by_id('kw').clear()

time.sleep(1)

driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys(keyword)

time.sleep(3)

#driver.find_element_by_id('su').send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

driver.find_element_by_id('su').click()

print driver.title

 

# driver.quit()

 复制代码

3.api速查

 

3.1定位元素

 

3.1.1 通过id查找：

 

element = driver.find_element_by_id("coolestWidgetEvah")

 

or

 

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

element = driver.find_element(by=By.ID, value="coolestWidgetEvah")

3.1.2 通过class查找

 

cheeses = driver.find_elements_by_class_name("cheese")

 

or

 

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

cheeses = driver.find_elements(By.CLASS_NAME, "cheese")

3.1.3 通过标签名称查找

 

target_div = driver.find_element_by_tag_name("div")

 

or

 

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

target_div = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "div")

3.1.4 通过name属性查找

 

btn = driver.find_element_by_name("input_btn")

 

or

 

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

btn = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "input_btn")

3.1.5 通过链接的内容查找

 

next_page = driver.find_element_by_link_text("下一页")

 

or

 

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

next_page = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "下一页")

3.1.6 通过链接的部分内容查找

 

next_page = driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text("去下一页")

 

or

 

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

next_page = driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "下一页")

3.1.7 通过css查找

 

cheese = driver.find_element_by_css_selector("#food span.dairy.aged")

 

or

 

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

cheese = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#food span.dairy.aged")

3.1.8 通过xpath查找

 

inputs = driver.find_elements_by_xpath("//input")

 

or

 

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

inputs = driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, "//input")

3.1.9 通过js查找

 

labels = driver.find_elements_by_tag_name("label")

inputs = driver.execute_script(

    "var labels = arguments[0], inputs = []; for (var i=0; i < labels.length; i++){" +

    "inputs.push(document.getElementByIdx_x_x(labels[i].getAttribute('for'))); } return inputs;", labels)

3.2 获取元素的文本信息

 

element = driver.find_element_by_id("element_id")

element.text

3.3 修改userAgent

 

profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile()

profile.set_preference("general.useragent.override", "some UA string")

driver = webdriver.Firefox(profile)

3.4 cookies 

 

 复制代码

# Go to the correct domain

driver.get("http://www.example.com")

 

# Now set the cookie. Here's one for the entire domain

# the cookie name here is 'key' and its value is 'value'

driver.add_cookie({'name':'key', 'value':'value', 'path':'/'})

# additional keys that can be passed in are:

# 'domain' -> String,

# 'secure' -> Boolean,

# 'expiry' -> Milliseconds since the Epoch it should expire.

 

# And now output all the available cookies for the current URL

for cookie in driver.get_cookies():

    print "%s -> %s" % (cookie['name'], cookie['value'])

 

# You can delete cookies in 2 ways

# By name

driver.delete_cookie("CookieName")

# Or all of them

driver.delete_all_cookies()

最后放一个自己的代码样例好了，完成的功能为找到搜索框输入搜索关键词然后点击搜索按钮，然后打开每个搜索结果并且输出网页源代码

# coding=utf-8

import time

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait # available since 2.4.0

from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC # available since 2.26.0

 

# Create a new instance of the Firefox driver

driver = webdriver.Chrome()

 

# go to the home page

driver.get("http://www.baidu.com")

 

#获得当前窗口句柄

nowhandle = driver.current_window_handle

 

print driver.title

# find the element that's name attribute is qymc (the search box)

inputElement = driver.find_element_by_name("qymc")

print inputElement

 

# type in the search

inputElement.send_keys(u"加油网")

 

driver.find_element_by_name("imageField").click();

# submit the form (compare with google we can found that the search is not a standard form and can not be submitted, we do click instead)

# inputElement.submit()

 

 

try:

    # overlap will happen if we do not move the page to the bottom

    # the last link will be under another unrelevant link if we do not scroll to the bottom

    driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")

    #find all link and click them

    for item in driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//*[@id="pagetest2"]/div/table/tbody/tr/td/a'):

        item.click()

        time.sleep(10)

    #获取所有窗口句柄

    allhandles=driver.window_handles

    #在所有窗口中查找新开的窗口

    for handle in allhandles:

        if handle!=nowhandle:

            #这两步是在弹出窗口中进行的操作，证明我们确实进入了

            driver.switch_to_window(handle)

            print driver.page_source

        #返回到主窗口页面

           driver.switch_to_window(nowhandle)

 

finally:

    driver.quit()