关于同步常用的几个工具类总结如下:
- CountDownLatch 闭锁:可以延迟线程的进度,直到锁到达终止状态。闭锁的作用相当于一扇门,在锁到达终止状态之前这扇门一直是关闭的。当锁到达终止状态时,允许所有线程通过。CountDownLatch 有一个初始值,通过调用 countDown 可以减少该值,一直到 0 时到达终止状态。
- FutureTask 用于执行一个可返回结果的长任务,任务在单独的线程中执行,其他线程可以用 get 方法取任务结果,如果任务尚未完成,线程在 get 上阻塞。
- Semaphore 用于控制同时访问某资源,或同时执行某操作的线程数目。信号量有一个初始值即可以分配的信号量总数目。线程任务开始前先调用 acquire 取得信号量,任务结束后调用 release 释放信号量。在 acquire 是如果没有可用信号量,线程将阻塞在 acquire 上,直到其他线程释放一个信号量。
- CyclicBarrier 栅栏用于多个线程多次迭代时进行同步,在一轮任务中,任何线程完成任务后都在 barrier 上等待,直到所有其他线程也完成任务,然后一起释放,同时进入下一轮迭代。
CountDownLatch 的例子:
- import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
- import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
- public class DemoOfLatch {
- // 利用闭锁 CountDownLatch 控制主线程和子线程的同步
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- int numberOfThread = 5;
- final CountDownLatch startLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); // 用于控制子线程开始
- final CountDownLatch stopLatch = new CountDownLatch(numberOfThread); // 用于子线程计数
- final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0); // 用于分配子线程唯一标识
- System.out.println("Main thread start...");
- for ( int i=0; i<numberOfThread; i++ ) {
- Thread thread = new Thread( new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- int tid = count.getAndIncrement();
- try {
- // 等代主线程打开启动信号
- startLatch.await();
- System.out.printf("Thread %d started...%n", tid);
- int duration = (int)(Math.random() * 5000);
- Thread.sleep(duration);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
- } finally {
- System.out.printf("Thread %d stoped...%n", tid);
- // 线程终止前减少线程计数
- stopLatch.countDown();
- }
- }
- });
- thread.start();
- }
- // 在放行子线程之前做点什么别的事情
- System.out.println("Main thread do preparation work for child threads...");
- try {
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- // 打开闭锁放行所有子线程
- System.out.println("Main thread let child threads go...");
- startLatch.countDown();
- try {
- // 等待子线程计数降为 0 即所有子线程执行完毕
- System.out.println("Main thread wait for all child threads...");
- stopLatch.await();
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.println("Main thread exit...");
- }
- }
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/7d59a296038b0251840be80922f5df12.png)
FutureTask 的例子:
- import java.util.concurrent.Callable;
- import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
- import java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
- public class DemoOfFutureTask {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- // 创建一个 Future Task 用于并发执行长任务
- final FutureTask<Movie> future = new FutureTask<Movie>( new Callable<Movie>() {
- @Override
- public Movie call() throws Exception {
- System.out.println("Future task started...");
- Thread.sleep(5000);
- System.out.println("Future task finished...");
- return new Movie("2012","Unknown");
- }
- });
- // 在子线程中启动任务
- Thread thread = new Thread(future);
- thread.start();
- // 主线程干点别的事情
- System.out.println("Now let's do sth eles...");
- try {
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e1) {
- e1.printStackTrace();
- }
- // 主线程开始取结果
- System.out.println("Now wait for result of future task...");
- try {
- Movie res = future.get();
- System.out.printf("Result from task is name=%s, actor=%s", res.name, res.actor);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ExecutionException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- public static class Movie {
- final public String name;
- final public String actor;
- public Movie(String name, String actor) {
- this.name = name;
- this.actor = actor;
- }
- }
- }
Semaphore 的例子:
- import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
- import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
- public class DemoOfSemaphore {
- /**
- * @param args
- */
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- final int numOfThread = 5;
- final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0); // 用于分配唯一线程标识
- final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(numOfThread); // 用于控制并发线程数目
- for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
- Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
- public void run() {
- int tid = count.getAndIncrement();
- try {
- // 等待直到取得信号量
- System.out.printf("Thread %d wait on semaphore...%n", tid);
- semaphore.acquire();
- // 取得信号量之后做点事情
- System.out.printf("Thread %d get semaphore...%n", tid);
- int duration = (int)(Math.random() * 5000);
- Thread.sleep(duration);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- // 做完后释放信号量
- System.out.printf("Thread %d release semaphore...%n", tid);
- semaphore.release();
- }
- }
- });
- thread.start();
- }
- }
- }
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/dd89939c72d07ef6eacc2aad34d9930b.png)
CyclicBarrier 的例子:
- import java.util.concurrent.BrokenBarrierException;
- import java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
- public class DemoOfBarrier {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- final int numOfThread = 2;
- final int numOfIteration = 2;
- // 创建一个用于线程同步的 Barrier 对象
- final CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(numOfThread,
- new Runnable() {
- // 当所有线程到达 Barrier 后会执行这个任务
- // 任务在第一个 到达 Barrier 的线程中执行
- @Override
- public void run() {
- long tid = Thread.currentThread().getId();
- // 当所有线程完成一轮迭代之后做点清除/准备/提交工作
- System.out.printf("[%d] - All threads arrived barrier...%n", tid);
- try {
- Thread.sleep(2000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- System.out.printf("[%d] - Clear work done...%n", tid);
- }
- });
- // 创建并启动多个线程,他们在 Barrier 上同步
- for (int i = 0; i < numOfThread; i++) {
- Thread thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- long tid = Thread.currentThread().getId();
- for ( int k=0; k<numOfIteration; k++ ) {
- try {
- // 线程进行一轮迭代,做点事情
- System.out.printf("Thread %d start its work...%n", tid);
- long duration = (int)(Math.random()*5000);
- Thread.sleep(duration);
- // 做完迭代后等待其他线程完成迭代
- System.out.printf("Thread %d wait on barrier...%n", tid);
- int num = barrier.await();
- // 显示完成的顺序
- System.out.printf("Thread %d pass barrier with order=%d...%n", tid, num);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
- } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- });
- thread.start();
- }
- }
- }