web开发

把自己的学习过程写下来,和大家一起研究学习.开发环境是JDK5.0+eclipse3.2+myeclipse5.0.

新建项目，项目名：base。先添加struts框架。struts框架用于处理请求，web应用是基于请求驱动的模型，即客户端提交一个请求，服务器端处理请求后把结果返回到客户端。

 client          request     server
页面page       -----------do action
jsp等   |
        |  | ---ajax
        |
        |____验证,数据封装

尽管spring也能实现大多数struts的功能，甚至有些方面比struts更方便，但考虑到多模块只会用struts实现，还没找到其他的实现方法。---struts框架对多模块开发来说少不了。

 

在WebRoot目录下新建index.jsp文件，然后部署应用并启动web服务器（tomcat），OK。，可以访问index。这个应用涉及到多模块，暂定为两个模块，用户管理和信息模型，并且还有两外两个框架，大名鼎鼎的hibernate和spring。下面继续配置：

为了把页面存放到各自的文件夹中，我们要在WebRoot下新建两个目录：user和infoModel。统一起见，每个目录中也都新建index.jsp。

配置文件是在服务器启动的时候读入容器，因此在web.xml中增加模块描述：

 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
< web-app  xmlns ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"  xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  version ="2.4"  xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee   http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd" >
   < servlet >
     < servlet-name > action </ servlet-name >
     < servlet-class > org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet </ servlet-class >
     < init-param >
       < param-name > config </ param-name >
       < param-value > /WEB-INF/struts-config.xml </ param-value >
     </ init-param >
     <init-param>
       <param-name>config/userManage</param-name>
       <param-value>/WEB-INF/userManage/struts-config.xml</param-value>     
    </init-param>
     <init-param>
       <param-name>config/infoModel</param-name>
       <param-value>/WEB-INF/infoModel/struts-config.xml</param-value>     
    </init-param>
     < init-param >
       < param-name > debug </ param-name >
       < param-value > 3 </ param-value >
     </ init-param >
     < init-param >
       < param-name > detail </ param-name >
       < param-value > 3 </ param-value >
     </ init-param >
     < load-on-startup > 0 </ load-on-startup >
   </ servlet >
   < servlet-mapping >
     < servlet-name > action </ servlet-name >
     < url-pattern > *.do </ url-pattern >
   </ servlet-mapping >
</ web-app >

粗斜体为增加的内容。只在web.xml中增加模块还不够，根据web.xml的配置，在WEB-INF下增加两个目录，infoModel和userManage，在这两个目录中增加xml文件。将WEB-INF目录下的struts-config.xml拷贝到那两目录下就行了，但要更改资源文件，资源文件也是模块应用的一部门，当很多人并行开发的时候，各个用各自的资源文件，不会起冲突。把infoModel下的struts-config.xml中的  改成：

 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd" >

< struts-config >
   < data-sources  />
   < form-beans  />
   < global-exceptions  />
   < global-forwards  >
   </ global-forwards >

   < action-mappings  >
   </ action-mappings >

   <message-resources parameter="com.base.struts.infomodel.ApplicationResources" />
</ struts-config >

 

  为此，要在src下增加一个包：com.base.struts.infoModel，并把ApplicationResource拷贝过去。userManager下的配置文件也同样处理。

接下来，我们要实现子模块的功能和模块见的跳转。

首先，让主模块中的index.jsp(在WebRoot目录下)可以访问两个子模块的index.jsp。我们在infoModel模块中做些修改：

struts-config.xml:

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<! DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd" >

< struts-config >
   < data-sources  />
   < form-beans  />
   < global-exceptions  />
   < global-forwards  >
   </ global-forwards >

   < action-mappings  >
     <action forward="/index.jsp" path="/index" />

   </ action-mappings >

   < message-resources  parameter ="com.base.struts.infomodel.ApplicationResources"   />
</ struts-config >

子模块中的action forward 的值不用加模块名作jsp文件的前缀，由系统自动处理。

主模块的index.jsp:

 

<% @ page language = " java "  pageEncoding = " UTF-8 " %>

<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean "  prefix = " bean "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-html "  prefix = " html "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-logic "  prefix = " logic "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-tiles "  prefix = " tiles "   %>


<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC  " -//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN " >
< html:html lang = " true " >
   < head >
     < html:base  />
    
     < title > index.jsp </ title >

     < meta http - equiv = " pragma "  content = " no-cache " >
     < meta http - equiv = " cache-control "  content = " no-cache " >
     < meta http - equiv = " expires "  content = " 0 " >     
     < meta http - equiv = " keywords "  content = " keyword1,keyword2,keyword3 " >
     < meta http - equiv = " description "  content = " This is my page " >
     <!--
     < link rel = " stylesheet "  type = " text/css "  href = " styles.css " >
     -->

   </ head >
  
   < body >
    This a struts page.  <br>
    index.jsp of main model <br>
     <hr>
     <html:link module="/infoModel" action="/index">infoModel index</html:link>
     <hr>
     <html:link action="/index" module="/userManage">userManage index</html:link>
   </ body >
</ html:html >

现在启动tomcat，在IE地址栏里输入:http://localhost:8080/base ，可以看到主模块的index页面，并且可以打开子模块中的页面。

接下来，我们要在infoModel中完成一个增加客户的功能。首先在WebRoot/infoModel中增加addBuyer.jsp，

 

<% @ page language = " java "  pageEncoding = " UTF-8 " %>

<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean "  prefix = " bean "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-html "  prefix = " html "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-logic "  prefix = " logic "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-tiles "  prefix = " tiles "   %>

<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC  " -//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN " >
< html:html lang = " true " >
   < head >
     < html:base  />
    
     < title > addBuyer.jsp </ title >

     < meta http - equiv = " pragma "  content = " no-cache " >
     < meta http - equiv = " cache-control "  content = " no-cache " >
     < meta http - equiv = " expires "  content = " 0 " >     
     < meta http - equiv = " keywords "  content = " keyword1,keyword2,keyword3 " >
     < meta http - equiv = " description "  content = " This is my page " >
     <!--
     < link rel = " stylesheet "  type = " text/css "  href = " styles.css " >
     -->

   </ head >
  
   < body >
     < html:form action = ""  method = " post "  focus = " buyerId " >
       < table border = " 0 " >
         < tr >
           < td > 客户号: </ td >
           < td >< html:text property = " buyerId "   /></ td >
         </ tr >
         < tr >
           < td > 客户名称: </ td >
           < td >< html:password property = " buyerName "   /></ td >
         </ tr >
         < tr >
           < td > 客户分类: </ td >
           < td >< html:select property = " buyerType "   >
                 < html:option value = " A "   />
                 < html:option value = " B "   />
                 < html:option value = " C "   />
                 < html:option value = " D "   />
               </ html:select >
           </ td >
         </ tr >
         < tr >
           < td > 地址: </ td >
           < td >< html:password property = " address "   /></ td >
         </ tr >
         < tr >
           < td > 联系人: </ td >
           < td >< html:text property = " linkman "   /></ td >
         </ tr >
         < tr >
           < td > 联系电话: </ td >
           < td >< html:password property = " tel "   /></ td >
         </ tr >                 
         < tr >
           < td colspan = " 2 "  align = " center " >< html:submit  /></ td >
         </ tr >
       </ table >
     </ html:form >
   </ body >
</ html:html >

前面提到，web程序是请求驱动的，客户端（浏览器）提交请求，服务端响应请求并把结果返回客户端。服务端在做处理前，先要对提交的数据进行封装，struts提供了简易方便的封装方法，formbean。这里采用动态带验证的ActionForm，DynaValidatorActionForm。打开infoModel模块的配置文件struts-config.xml，点右键-new-form，name填上addBuyerForm，类型选DynaValidatorActionForm，把addBuyer.jsp中的属性项添加到下面的属性框中，注意名称要一致！修改后的struts-config.xml如下：

<? xml version = " 1.0 "  encoding = " UTF-8 " ?>
<! DOCTYPE struts - config PUBLIC  " -//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN "   " http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd " >

< struts - config >
   < data - sources  />
   < form - beans  >
     <form-bean name="addBuyerForm" type="org.apache.struts.validator.DynaValidatorActionForm">
       <form-property name="linkman" type="java.lang.String" />
       <form-property name="buyerName" type="java.lang.String" />
       <form-property name="buyerId" type="java.lang.String" />
       <form-property name="address" type="java.lang.String" />
       <form-property name="buyerType" type="java.lang.String" />
       <form-property name="tel" type="java.lang.String" />
     </form-bean>

   </ form - beans >

   < global - exceptions  />
   < global - forwards  >
   </ global - forwards >

   < action - mappings  >
     < action forward = " /index.jsp "  path = " /index "   />

   </ action - mappings >

   < message - resources parameter = " com.base.struts.infoModel.ApplicationResources "   />
</ struts - config >

数据的封装完成了，接下来是如何完成处理请求的功能了，怎么增加客户？一步一步慢慢来。java中所有的功能都是通过类来实现的。我们也要定义类。先回到addBuyer.jsp，刚才还没有指定action，现在要指定action。

     < html:form  action ="/AddBuyer.do"  method ="post"  focus ="buyerId" >

在index.jsp中再增加一个链接，和主模块的index差不多，只是现在都在infoModel中。index.jsp如下：

<% @ page language = " java "  pageEncoding = " UTF-8 " %>

<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean "  prefix = " bean "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-html "  prefix = " html "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-logic "  prefix = " logic "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-tiles "  prefix = " tiles "   %>


<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC  " -//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN " >
< html:html lang = " true " >
   < head >
     < html:base  />
    
     < title > index.jsp </ title >

     < meta http - equiv = " pragma "  content = " no-cache " >
     < meta http - equiv = " cache-control "  content = " no-cache " >
     < meta http - equiv = " expires "  content = " 0 " >     
     < meta http - equiv = " keywords "  content = " keyword1,keyword2,keyword3 " >
     < meta http - equiv = " description "  content = " This is my page " >
     <!--
     < link rel = " stylesheet "  type = " text/css "  href = " styles.css " >
     -->

   </ head >
  
   < body >
    This a struts page.  < br >
    index.jsp of infoModel model. < br >
     <html:link action="/AddBuyerPage">增加客户</html:link>
   </ body >
</ html:html >

如果不从index.jsp跳转到addBuyer.jsp,直接访问addBuyer.jsp,不成功.现在还没弄清楚什么原因.

完善在struts-config.xml中的配置:

   < action - mappings  >
     < action forward = " /index.jsp "  path = " /index "   />
     < action
      attribute="addBuyerForm"
      input ="/infoModel/addBuyer.jsp"
      name ="addBuyerForm"
      path ="/AddBuyer"
      scope ="request"
      type ="com.base.struts.infomodel.AddBuyerAction" />
     <action forward="/addBuyer.jsp" path="/AddBuyerPage" />
    

   </ action - mappings >

OK，运行tomcat服务器，打开页面，正常。但是提交的时候抛出异常，Resources cannot be null。因为我们使用的validator框架，但还没有导入validator的资源。我们先修改/WEB-INF/infoModel的struts-config.xml：在message-resources 标签后增加plug-in标签：

   < plug-in  className ="org.apache.struts.validator.ValidatorPlugIn" >
     < set-property  property ="pathnames"   
    value ="/WEB-INF/infoModel/validator-rules.xml,  
    /WEB-INF/infoModel/validation.xml" />
   </ plug-in >

把/WEB-INF/validator-rules.xml 拷贝到/WEB-INF/infoModel/下，并在该目录下新建validation.xml，内容如下：

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"  ?>

<! DOCTYPE form-validation PUBLIC
          "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Commons Validator Rules Configuration 1.1.3//EN"
          "http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/dtds/validator_1_1_3.dtd" >

< form-validation >

<!--
     This is a minimal Validator form file with a couple of examples.
-->

     < global >

         <!--  An example global constant
        <constant>
            <constant-name>postalCode</constant-name>
            <constant-value>^d{5}d*$</constant-value>
        </constant>
        end example -->

     </ global >

     < formset >

       < form  name ="addBuyerForm" >
          < field  property ="buyerId"
           depends ="required" >
             < arg0  key ="prompt.buyerId"   />
            </ field >
          < field  property ="buyerName"
           depends ="required" >
             < arg0  key ="prompt.buyerName"   />
            </ field >
       </ form >

    </ formset >

</ form-validation >

 还要在infoModel的资源包ApplicationResources.properties中添加内容：

# Resources for parameter 'com.base.struts.ApplicationResources'
# Project P/base

# Struts Validator Error Messages
errors.required={0} is required.
errors.minlength={0} can not be less than {1} characters.
errors.maxlength={0} can not be greater than {1} characters.
errors.invalid={0} is invalid.

errors.byte={0} must be a byte.
errors.short={0} must be a short.
errors.integer={0} must be an integer.
errors.long={0} must be a long.
errors.float={0} must be a float.
errors.double={0} must be a double.

errors.date={0} is not a date.
errors.range={0} is not in the range {1} through {2}.
errors.creditcard={0} is an invalid credit card number.
errors.email={0} is an invalid e-mail address.

prompt.buyerId=buyerId
prompt.buyerName=buyerName

在addBuyer.jsp中增加javascript验证,

<% @ page language = " java "  pageEncoding = " UTF-8 " %>

<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean "  prefix = " bean "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-html "  prefix = " html "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-logic "  prefix = " logic "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-tiles "  prefix = " tiles "   %>

<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC  " -//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN " >
< html:html lang = " true " >
   < head >
     < html:base  />
    
     < title > addBuyer.jsp </ title >

     < meta http - equiv = " pragma "  content = " no-cache " >
     < meta http - equiv = " cache-control "  content = " no-cache " >
     < meta http - equiv = " expires "  content = " 0 " >     
     < meta http - equiv = " keywords "  content = " keyword1,keyword2,keyword3 " >
     < meta http - equiv = " description "  content = " This is my page " >
     <!--
     < link rel = " stylesheet "  type = " text/css "  href = " styles.css " >
     -->

   </ head >
  
   < body >
   < html:errors />
     < html:form action = " /AddBuyer.do "  method = " post "  focus = " buyerId "  onsubmit ="return validateAddBuyerForm(this);"   >
       < table border = " 0 " >
         < tr >
           < td > 客户号: </ td >
           < td >< html:text property = " buyerId "   /></ td >
         </ tr >
         < tr >
           < td > 客户名称: </ td >
           < td >< html:text property = " buyerName "   /></ td >
         </ tr >
         < tr >
           < td > 客户分类: </ td >
           < td >< html:select property = " buyerType "   >
                 < html:option value = " A "   />
                 < html:option value = " B "   />
                 < html:option value = " C "   />
                 < html:option value = " D "   />
               </ html:select >
           </ td >
         </ tr >
         < tr >
           < td > 地址: </ td >
           < td >< html:text property = " address "   /></ td >
         </ tr >
         < tr >
           < td > 联系人: </ td >
           < td >< html:text property = " linkman "   /></ td >
         </ tr >
         < tr >
           < td > 联系电话: </ td >
           < td >< html:text property = " tel "   /></ td >
         </ tr >                 
         < tr >
           < td colspan = " 2 "  align = " center " >< html:submit  /></ td >
         </ tr >
       </ table >
     </ html:form >
     <html:javascript formName="AddBuyerForm" cdata="false" />
   </ body >
</ html:html >

不过，会发现js的验证没有执行，为什么？研究了两三天，发现把loginForm改成LoginForm，就行了。不知道是不是框架的bug?

接下来要改一下主页面,加入框架,左边是导航菜单.在WebRoot下增加两个文件,menu.jsp和mainFrame.jsp.

menu.jsp(借用其他高手的代码)

< %@ page  language ="java"  pageEncoding ="UTF-8" % >

< %@ taglib  uri ="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean"  prefix ="bean"  % >
< %@ taglib  uri ="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html"  prefix ="html"  % >
< %@ taglib  uri ="http://struts.apache.org/tags-logic"  prefix ="logic"  % >
< %@ taglib  uri ="http://struts.apache.org/tags-tiles"  prefix ="tiles"  % >


<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
< html  xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" >
< head >
<!--  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">  -->
< title > Div+CSS+JS树型菜单，可刷新 </ title >
< meta  name ="description"  content ="http://www.livepo.com" >
< style  type ="text/css" >
<!--
*{margin:0;padding:0;border:0;}
body {
    font-family: arial, 宋体, serif;
    font-size:12px;
}
#nav {
    width:180px;
    line-height: 24px; 
    list-style-type: none;
    text-align:left;
    /*定义整个ul菜单的行高和背景色*/
}

/*==================一级目录===================*/
#nav a {
    width: 160px; 
    display: block;
    padding-left:20px;
    /*Width(一定要)，否则下面的Li会变形*/
}

#nav li {
    background:#CCC; /*一级目录的背景色*/
    border-bottom:#FFF 1px solid; /*下面的一条白边*/
    float:left;
    /*float：left,本不应该设置，但由于在Firefox不能正常显示
    继承Nav的width,限制宽度，li自动向下延伸*/
}

#nav li a:hover{
    background:#CC0000;    /*一级目录onMouseOver显示的背景色*/
}

#nav a:link  {
    color:#666; text-decoration:none;
}
#nav a:visited  {
    color:#666;text-decoration:none;
}
#nav a:hover  {
    color:#FFF;text-decoration:none;font-weight:bold;
}

/*==================二级目录===================*/
#nav li ul {
    list-style:none;
    text-align:left;
}
#nav li ul li{    
    background: #EBEBEB; /*二级目录的背景色*/
}

#nav li ul a{
         padding-left:20px;
         width:160px;
    /* padding-left二级目录中文字向右移动，但Width必须重新设置=(总宽度-padding-left)*/
}

/*下面是二级目录的链接样式*/

#nav li ul a:link  {
    color:#666; text-decoration:none;
}
#nav li ul a:visited  {
    color:#666;text-decoration:none;
}
#nav li ul a:hover {
    color:#F3F3F3;
    text-decoration:none;
    font-weight:normal;
    background:#CC0000;
    /* 二级onmouseover的字体颜色、背景色*/
}

/*==============================*/
#nav li:hover ul {
    left: auto;
}
#nav li.sfhover ul {
    left: auto;
}
#content {
    clear: left; 
}
#nav ul.collapsed {
    display: none;
}
-->

#PARENT{
    width:300px;
    padding-left:20px;
}
</ style >
</ head >

< body >
  < div  id ="PARENT" >
   < ul  id ="nav" >
    < li >< a  href ="#Menu=ChildMenu1"   onclick ="DoMenu('ChildMenu1')" > 信息模型 </ a >
     < ul  id ="ChildMenu1"  class ="collapsed" >
      < li >< a  href ="http://www.sohu.com"  target ="mainFrame" > 搜狐 </ a ></ li >
      < html:link  module ="/infoModel"  action ="/index"  target ="mainFrame" > infoModel index </ html:link >
      < html:link  action ="/index"  module ="/userManage"  target ="mainFrame"   > userManage index </ html:link >
     </ ul >
    </ li >
   </ ul >
  </ div >

  < div  id ="PARENT" >
   < ul  id ="nav" >
    < li >< a  href ="#Menu=ChildMenu1"   onclick ="DoMenu('ChildMenu2')" > 信息模型 </ a >
     < ul  id ="ChildMenu2"  class ="collapsed" >
      < li >< a  href ="http://www.sohu.com"  target ="mainFrame" > 搜狐 </ a ></ li >
      < html:link  module ="/infoModel"  action ="/index"  target ="mainFrame" > infoModel index </ html:link >
      < html:link  action ="/index"  module ="/userManage"  target ="mainFrame"   > userManage index </ html:link >
     </ ul >
    </ li >
   </ ul >
  </ div >


</ body >
</ html >
< script  type =text/javascript><!--
var LastLeftID  = "" ;

function menuFix() {
    var obj  = document.getElementById("nav").getElementsByTagName("li");
    
     for (var i =0;  i<obj.length; i++) {
        obj[i].onmouseover =function()  {
            this.className+ =(this.className.length>0?  " ": "") + "sfhover";
        }
        obj[i].onMouseDown =function()  {
            this.className+ =(this.className.length>0?  " ": "") + "sfhover";
        }
        obj[i].onMouseUp =function()  {
            this.className+ =(this.className.length>0?  " ": "") + "sfhover";
        }
        obj[i].onmouseout =function()  {
            this.className =this.className.replace(new  RegExp("( ?|^)sfhover/b"), "");
        }
    }
}

function DoMenu(emid)
{
    var obj  = document.getElementById(emid);    
     obj.className  = (obj.className.toLowerCase() ==  "expanded"?"collapsed":"expanded");
    if((LastLeftID! ="" )&&(emid! =LastLeftID))     //关闭上一个Menu
    {
        document.getElementById(LastLeftID).className  = "collapsed" ;
    }
    LastLeftID  = emid;
}

function GetMenuID()
{

    var MenuID ="" ;
    var _paramStr  = new  String(window.location.href);

    var _sharpPos  = _paramStr.indexOf("#");
    
     if (_sharpPos  > = 0 && _sharpPos  <  _paramStr .length - 1)
    {
        _paramStr  = _paramStr.substring(_sharpPos  + 1, _paramStr.length);
    }
    else
    {
        _paramStr  = "" ;
    }
    
    if (_paramStr.length  >  0)
    {
        var _paramArr = _paramStr.split("&");
        if (_paramArr.length>0)
        {
            var _paramKeyVal = _paramArr[0].split("=");
            if (_paramKeyVal.length>0)
            {
                MenuID = _paramKeyVal[1];
            }
        }
        /*
        if (_paramArr.length>0)
        {
            var _arr = new Array(_paramArr.length);
        }
        
        //取所有#后面的，菜单只需用到Menu
        //for (var i = 0; i  <  _paramArr .length; i++)
        {
            var _paramKeyVal  = _paramArr[i].split('=');
            
             if (_paramKeyVal.length > 0)
            {
                _arr[_paramKeyVal[0]] = _paramKeyVal[1];
            }        
        }
        */
    }
    
    if(MenuID!="")
    {
        DoMenu(MenuID)
    }
}

GetMenuID();    //*这两个function的顺序要注意一下，不然在Firefox里GetMenuID()不起效果
menuFix();
--> </ script >

mainFrame.jsp

<% @ page language = " java "  pageEncoding = " UTF-8 " %>

<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean "  prefix = " bean "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-html "  prefix = " html "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-logic "  prefix = " logic "   %>
<% @ taglib uri = " http://struts.apache.org/tags-tiles "  prefix = " tiles "   %>

< html >
< head >
< meta http - equiv = " Content-Type "  content = " text/html; charset=utf-8 " >
< title > mainframe </ title >
</ head >

< body >
</ body >
</ html >

再修改/WebRoot/index.jsp

< %@ page  language ="java"  pageEncoding ="UTF-8" % >

< %@ taglib  uri ="http://struts.apache.org/tags-bean"  prefix ="bean"  % >
< %@ taglib  uri ="http://struts.apache.org/tags-html"  prefix ="html"  % >
< %@ taglib  uri ="http://struts.apache.org/tags-logic"  prefix ="logic"  % >
< %@ taglib  uri ="http://struts.apache.org/tags-tiles"  prefix ="tiles"  % >


<! DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" >
< html >
< head >
< meta  http-equiv ="Content-Type"  content ="text/html; charset=gb2312" >
< title > index </ title >
</ head >

< frameset  rows ="*"  cols ="208,*"  framespacing ="0"  frameborder ="NO"  border ="0" >
   < frame  src ="menu.jsp"  name ="leftFrame"   >
   < frame  src ="mainFrame.jsp"  name ="mainFrame" >
</ frameset >
< noframes >< body >
</ body ></ noframes >
</ html >

然后再启动tomcat,打开页面,OK.

 然后再添加spring和hibernate框架,按向导.hibernate3.0,spring 1.2.修改web.xml,在"/web-app"前添加

   < servlet  id ="servlet_12345" >
       < servlet-name > SpringContextServlet </ servlet-name >
       < servlet-class > org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderServlet </ servlet-class >       
       < load-on-startup > 1 </ load-on-startup >
   </ servlet >

 spring框架中需要增加的包是:aop,orm/dao/hibernate3,core,web.