抽象工厂模式

某公司经常会接到类似的项目，可能只是使用不同的数据库。所以在设计项目的时候，为了提高代码的可重用性，减少代码的耦合性，针对上面的情况，我们使用抽象工厂模式。

抽象工厂模式：提供一个创建一系列相关或相互依赖对象的接口，而无需指定他们具体的类。

1、User类

public class User
{
private int userID;
private String userName;
public int getUserID()
{
	return userID;
}
public void setUserID(int userID)
{
	this.userID = userID;
}
public String getUserName()
{
	return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName)
{
	this.userName = userName;
}
}

2、department类

public class Department
{
private int departmentID;
private String departmentName;
public int getDepartmentID()
{
	return departmentID;
}
public void setDepartmentID(int departmentID)
{
	this.departmentID = departmentID;
}
public String getDepartmentName()
{
	return departmentName;
}
public void setDepartmentName(String departmentName)
{
	this.departmentName = departmentName;
}
}

3、IUser接口

public interface IUser
{
void insert(User user);
User getUser(int id);
}

4、IDepartment接口

interface IDepartment
{
void insert(Department department);
Department getDepartment(int id);
}

5、IFactory接口

interface IFactory
{
IUser createUser();
IDepartment createDepartment();
}

6、SQLServerDepartment连接SQLserver的类

public class SQLServerDepartment implements IDepartment
{

	@Override
	public void insert(Department department)
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在SQL Server中给Department表增加一条记录");
		
	}

	@Override
	public Department getDepartment(int id)
	{
		System.out.println("在SQL Server中根据ID得到Department表的一条记录");
		return null;
	}

}

7、SQLServerUser类

public class SQLServerUser implements IUser
{

	@Override
	public void insert(User user)
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在SQL Server中给User表增加一条记录");
	}

	@Override
	public User getUser(int id)
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在SQL Server中根据ID得到User表的一条记录");
		return null;
	}

}

8、SQLServerFactory

public class SQLServerFactory implements IFactory
{

	@Override
	public IUser createUser()
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new SQLServerUser();
	}

	@Override
	public IDepartment createDepartment()
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new SQLServerDepartment();
	}

9、AccessUser类

public class AccessUser implements IUser
{

	@Override
	public void insert(User user)
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在Access中给User表增加一条记录");
		
	}

	@Override
	public User getUser(int id)
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在Access中根据ID得到User表的一条记录");
		return null;
	}

}

10、AccessDepartment类

public class AccessDepartment implements IDepartment
{

	@Override
	public void insert(Department department)
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在Access中给Department表增加一条记录");
		
	}

	@Override
	public Department getDepartment(int id)
	{
		System.out.println("在Access中根据ID得到Department表的一条记录");
		return null;
	}

}

11、AccessFactory类

public class AccessFactory implements IFactory
{

	@Override
	public IUser createUser()
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new AccessUser();
	}

	@Override
	public IDepartment createDepartment()
	{
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new AccessDepartment();
	}

}

12、客户端程序

public class Client
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    User user=new User();
    Department dept=new Department();
    IFactory factory=new SQLServerFactory();
    IFactory factory1=new AccessFactory();
    IUser Iu=factory.createUser();
    Iu.insert(user);
    Iu.getUser(1);
    
    IDepartment Idept=factory1.createDepartment();
    Idept.insert(dept);
    Idept.getDepartment(1);
}
}

抽象工厂模式的优缺点：

优点：

1）易于交换产品系列，由于具体工厂类，例如IFactory factory=new AccessFactory();在一个应用中只需要在初始化的时候出现一次，这就使得改变一个应用的具体工厂变得非常容易，它只需要改变具体工厂即可使用不同的产品配置。

2）它让具体额创建实例过程与客户端分离，客户端是通过它们的抽象接口操纵实例，产品的具体类名也被具体工厂的实现分离，不会出席在客户端代码中。

缺点：如果要增加新的功能或者客户端的类非常多，需要添加和更改的代码就非常多。

改进：用反射+抽象工厂的数据访问模式

将IFactory、SQLServerFactory、AccessFactory三个工厂类用DataAccess来代替。

DataAccess类

public class DataAccess
{
private static String nameSpace="cn.sict.abstractfactory.example1";
private static String DB="SQLServer";
public static IUser createUser() throws Exception
{
	String className=nameSpace+"."+DB+"User";
	return (IUser)Class.forName(className).newInstance();
}
public static IDepartment createDepartment() throws Exception
{
	String className=nameSpace+"."+DB+"Department";
	return (IDepartment)Class.forName(className).newInstance();
}
}

客户端程序

ublic class Client1
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
	User user=new User();
	Department dept=new Department();
	IUser iu=DataAccess.createUser();
	iu.insert(user);
	iu.getUser(1);
	
	IDepartment id=DataAccess.createDepartment();
	id.insert(dept);
	id.getDepartment(1);
	
}
}

还可以将DB的值放在配置文件中，通过读取配置文件的值来进行赋值。

参考文献：程杰老师<大话设计模式>