android自定义组件

 

android系统本身提供了相当丰富的组件如： Button, TextView, EditText, ListView, CheckBox, RadioButton, Gallery, Spinner 等

如果系统中提供的组件不能满足你的需求，你可以自己定义一个组件，如果你只是想对现有的widget做一些小的调整，你之需要继承这些子类然后重载其中的一些方法即可。

你也可以完全定义自己的组件，基本步骤如下：

1、你定义的组件类(CustomClass)继承系统的View类

2、你需提供相应的构造函数，来解析XML中的属性和参数

3、你可以定义自己的监听事件

4、重载OnDraw()和OnMeasure()方法

5、可以根据需要重载基类中的其他的以on...开头的方法

Custom View Example：

在android的源码中有一个很好的例子，我们可以参考一下，就是模拟时钟的源码：

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1. /*  
2.  * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project  
3.  *  
4.  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");  
5.  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  
6.  * You may obtain a copy of the License at  
7.  *  
8.  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0  
9.  *  
10.  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software  
11.  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,  
12.  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  
13.  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and  
14.  * limitations under the License.  
15.  */  
16.   
17. package android.widget;  
18.   
19. import android.content.Context;  
20. import android.content.Intent;  
21. import android.content.IntentFilter;  
22. import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;  
23. import android.content.res.Resources;  
24. import android.content.res.TypedArray;  
25. import android.graphics.Canvas;  
26. import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;  
27. import android.os.Handler;  
28. import android.text.format.Time;  
29. import android.util.AttributeSet;  
30. import android.view.View;  
31. import android.widget.RemoteViews.RemoteView;  
32.   
33. import java.util.TimeZone;  
34.   
35. /**  
36.  * This widget display an analogic clock with two hands for hours and  
37.  * minutes.  
38.  */  
39. @RemoteView  
40. public class AnalogClock extends View { //继承自View  
41.     private Time mCalendar;  
42.   
43.     private Drawable mHourHand;  
44.     private Drawable mMinuteHand;  
45.     private Drawable mDial;  
46.   
47.     private int mDialWidth;  
48.     private int mDialHeight;  
49.   
50.     private boolean mAttached;  
51.   
52.     private final Handler mHandler = new Handler();  
53.     private float mMinutes;  
54.     private float mHour;  
55.     private boolean mChanged;  
56.     //提供相应的构造函数  
57.     public AnalogClock(Context context) {  
58.         this(context, null);  
59.     }  
60.   
61.     public AnalogClock(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {  
62.         this(context, attrs, 0);  
63.     }  
64.     //在这个构造函数中加载了一些资源  
65.     public AnalogClock(Context context, AttributeSet attrs,  
66.                        int defStyle) {  
67.         super(context, attrs, defStyle);  
68.         Resources r = mContext.getResources();  
69.         TypedArray a =  
70.                 context.obtainStyledAttributes(  
71.                         attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.AnalogClock, defStyle, 0);  
72.   
73.         mDial = a.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.styleable.AnalogClock_dial);  
74.         if (mDial == null) {  
75.             mDial = r.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.drawable.clock_dial);  
76.         }  
77.   
78.         mHourHand = a.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.styleable.AnalogClock_hand_hour);  
79.         if (mHourHand == null) {  
80.             mHourHand = r.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.drawable.clock_hand_hour);  
81.         }  
82.   
83.         mMinuteHand = a.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.styleable.AnalogClock_hand_minute);  
84.         if (mMinuteHand == null) {  
85.             mMinuteHand = r.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.drawable.clock_hand_minute);  
86.         }  
87.   
88.         mCalendar = new Time();  
89.   
90.         mDialmDialWidth = mDial.getIntrinsicWidth();  
91.         mDialmDialHeight = mDial.getIntrinsicHeight();  
92.     }  
93.    //重载某些方法  
94.     @Override  
95.     protected void onAttachedToWindow() {  
96.         super.onAttachedToWindow();  
97.   
98.         if (!mAttached) {  
99.             mAttached = true;  
100.             IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();  
101.   
102.             filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_TIME_TICK);  
103.             filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_TIME_CHANGED);  
104.             filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED);  
105.   
106.             getContext().registerReceiver(mIntentReceiver, filter, null, mHandler);  
107.         }  
108.   
109.         // NOTE: It's safe to do these after registering the receiver since the receiver always runs  
110.         // in the main thread, therefore the receiver can't run before this method returns.  
111.   
112.         // The time zone may have changed while the receiver wasn't registered, so update the Time  
113.         mCalendar = new Time();  
114.   
115.         // Make sure we update to the current time  
116.         onTimeChanged();  
117.     }  
118.   
119.     @Override  
120.     protected void onDetachedFromWindow() {  
121.         super.onDetachedFromWindow();  
122.         if (mAttached) {  
123.             getContext().unregisterReceiver(mIntentReceiver);  
124.             mAttached = false;  
125.         }  
126.     }  
127.   
128.     @Override  
129.     protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {  
130.   
131.         int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec);  
132.         int widthSize =  MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec);  
133.         int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec);  
134.         int heightSize =  MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec);  
135.   
136.         float hScale = 1.0f;  
137.         float vScale = 1.0f;  
138.   
139.         if (widthMode != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED && widthSize < mDialWidth) {  
140.             hScale = (float) widthSize / (float) mDialWidth;  
141.         }  
142.   
143.         if (heightMode != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED && heightSize < mDialHeight) {  
144.             vScale = (float )heightSize / (float) mDialHeight;  
145.         }  
146.   
147.         float scale = Math.min(hScale, vScale);  
148.   
149.         setMeasuredDimension(resolveSize((int) (mDialWidth * scale), widthMeasureSpec),  
150.                 resolveSize((int) (mDialHeight * scale), heightMeasureSpec));  
151.     }  
152.   
153.     @Override  
154.     protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) {  
155.         super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh);  
156.         mChanged = true;  
157.     }  
158.   
159.     @Override  
160.     protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {  
161.         super.onDraw(canvas);  
162.   
163.         boolean changed = mChanged;  
164.         if (changed) {  
165.             mChanged = false;  
166.         }  
167.   
168.         int availableWidth = mRight - mLeft;  
169.         int availableHeight = mBottom - mTop;  
170.   
171.         int x = availableWidth / 2;  
172.         int y = availableHeight / 2;  
173.   
174.         final Drawable dial = mDial;  
175.         int w = dial.getIntrinsicWidth();  
176.         int h = dial.getIntrinsicHeight();  
177.   
178.         boolean scaled = false;  
179.   
180.         if (availableWidth < w || availableHeight < h) {  
181.             scaled = true;  
182.             float scale = Math.min((float) availableWidth / (float) w,  
183.                                    (float) availableHeight / (float) h);  
184.             canvas.save();  
185.             canvas.scale(scale, scale, x, y);  
186.         }  
187.   
188.         if (changed) {  
189.             dial.setBounds(x - (w / 2), y - (h / 2), x + (w / 2), y + (h / 2));  
190.         }  
191.         dial.draw(canvas);  
192.   
193.         canvas.save();  
194.         canvas.rotate(mHour / 12.0f * 360.0f, x, y);  
195.         final Drawable hourHand = mHourHand;  
196.         if (changed) {  
197.             w = hourHand.getIntrinsicWidth();  
198.             h = hourHand.getIntrinsicHeight();  
199.             hourHand.setBounds(x - (w / 2), y - (h / 2), x + (w / 2), y + (h / 2));  
200.         }  
201.         hourHand.draw(canvas);  
202.         canvas.restore();  
203.   
204.         canvas.save();  
205.         canvas.rotate(mMinutes / 60.0f * 360.0f, x, y);  
206.   
207.         final Drawable minuteHand = mMinuteHand;  
208.         if (changed) {  
209.             w = minuteHand.getIntrinsicWidth();  
210.             h = minuteHand.getIntrinsicHeight();  
211.             minuteHand.setBounds(x - (w / 2), y - (h / 2), x + (w / 2), y + (h / 2));  
212.         }  
213.         minuteHand.draw(canvas);  
214.         canvas.restore();  
215.   
216.         if (scaled) {  
217.             canvas.restore();  
218.         }  
219.     }  
220.   
221.     private void onTimeChanged() {  
222.         mCalendar.setToNow();  
223.   
224.         int hour = mCalendar.hour;  
225.         int minute = mCalendar.minute;  
226.         int second = mCalendar.second;  
227.   
228.         mMinutes = minute + second / 60.0f;  
229.         mHour = hour + mMinutes / 60.0f;  
230.         mChanged = true;  
231.     }  
232.   
233.     private final BroadcastReceiver mIntentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {  
234.         @Override  
235.         public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
236.             if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED)) {  
237.                 String tz = intent.getStringExtra("time-zone");  
238.                 mCalendar = new Time(TimeZone.getTimeZone(tz).getID());  
239.             }  
240.   
241.             onTimeChanged();  
242.               
243.             invalidate();  
244.         }  
245.     };  
246. }  

/* * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project * * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. * You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License. */package android.widget;import android.content.Context;import android.content.Intent;import android.content.IntentFilter;import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;import android.content.res.Resources;import android.content.res.TypedArray;import android.graphics.Canvas;import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;import android.os.Handler;import android.text.format.Time;import android.util.AttributeSet;import android.view.View;import android.widget.RemoteViews.RemoteView;import java.util.TimeZone;/** * This widget display an analogic clock with two hands for hours and * minutes. */@RemoteViewpublic class AnalogClock extends View { //继承自View private Time mCalendar; private Drawable mHourHand; private Drawable mMinuteHand; private Drawable mDial; private int mDialWidth; private int mDialHeight; private boolean mAttached; private final Handler mHandler = new Handler(); private float mMinutes; private float mHour; private boolean mChanged; //提供相应的构造函数 public AnalogClock(Context context) { this(context, null); } public AnalogClock(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) { this(context, attrs, 0); } //在这个构造函数中加载了一些资源 public AnalogClock(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyle) { super(context, attrs, defStyle); Resources r = mContext.getResources(); TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes( attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.AnalogClock, defStyle, 0); mDial = a.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.styleable.AnalogClock_dial); if (mDial == null) { mDial = r.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.drawable.clock_dial); } mHourHand = a.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.styleable.AnalogClock_hand_hour); if (mHourHand == null) { mHourHand = r.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.drawable.clock_hand_hour); } mMinuteHand = a.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.styleable.AnalogClock_hand_minute); if (mMinuteHand == null) { mMinuteHand = r.getDrawable(com.android.internal.R.drawable.clock_hand_minute); } mCalendar = new Time(); mDialWidth = mDial.getIntrinsicWidth(); mDialHeight = mDial.getIntrinsicHeight(); } //重载某些方法 @Override protected void onAttachedToWindow() { super.onAttachedToWindow(); if (!mAttached) { mAttached = true; IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(); filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_TIME_TICK); filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_TIME_CHANGED); filter.addAction(Intent.ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED); getContext().registerReceiver(mIntentReceiver, filter, null, mHandler); } // NOTE: It's safe to do these after registering the receiver since the receiver always runs // in the main thread, therefore the receiver can't run before this method returns. // The time zone may have changed while the receiver wasn't registered, so update the Time mCalendar = new Time(); // Make sure we update to the current time onTimeChanged(); } @Override protected void onDetachedFromWindow() { super.onDetachedFromWindow(); if (mAttached) { getContext().unregisterReceiver(mIntentReceiver); mAttached = false; } } @Override protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) { int widthMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(widthMeasureSpec); int widthSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(widthMeasureSpec); int heightMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(heightMeasureSpec); int heightSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(heightMeasureSpec); float hScale = 1.0f; float vScale = 1.0f; if (widthMode != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED && widthSize < mDialWidth) { hScale = (float) widthSize / (float) mDialWidth; } if (heightMode != MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED && heightSize < mDialHeight) { vScale = (float )heightSize / (float) mDialHeight; } float scale = Math.min(hScale, vScale); setMeasuredDimension(resolveSize((int) (mDialWidth * scale), widthMeasureSpec), resolveSize((int) (mDialHeight * scale), heightMeasureSpec)); } @Override protected void onSizeChanged(int w, int h, int oldw, int oldh) { super.onSizeChanged(w, h, oldw, oldh); mChanged = true; } @Override protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) { super.onDraw(canvas); boolean changed = mChanged; if (changed) { mChanged = false; } int availableWidth = mRight - mLeft; int availableHeight = mBottom - mTop; int x = availableWidth / 2; int y = availableHeight / 2; final Drawable dial = mDial; int w = dial.getIntrinsicWidth(); int h = dial.getIntrinsicHeight(); boolean scaled = false; if (availableWidth < w || availableHeight < h) { scaled = true; float scale = Math.min((float) availableWidth / (float) w, (float) availableHeight / (float) h); canvas.save(); canvas.scale(scale, scale, x, y); } if (changed) { dial.setBounds(x - (w / 2), y - (h / 2), x + (w / 2), y + (h / 2)); } dial.draw(canvas); canvas.save(); canvas.rotate(mHour / 12.0f * 360.0f, x, y); final Drawable hourHand = mHourHand; if (changed) { w = hourHand.getIntrinsicWidth(); h = hourHand.getIntrinsicHeight(); hourHand.setBounds(x - (w / 2), y - (h / 2), x + (w / 2), y + (h / 2)); } hourHand.draw(canvas); canvas.restore(); canvas.save(); canvas.rotate(mMinutes / 60.0f * 360.0f, x, y); final Drawable minuteHand = mMinuteHand; if (changed) { w = minuteHand.getIntrinsicWidth(); h = minuteHand.getIntrinsicHeight(); minuteHand.setBounds(x - (w / 2), y - (h / 2), x + (w / 2), y + (h / 2)); } minuteHand.draw(canvas); canvas.restore(); if (scaled) { canvas.restore(); } } private void onTimeChanged() { mCalendar.setToNow(); int hour = mCalendar.hour; int minute = mCalendar.minute; int second = mCalendar.second; mMinutes = minute + second / 60.0f; mHour = hour + mMinutes / 60.0f; mChanged = true; } private final BroadcastReceiver mIntentReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() { @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if (intent.getAction().equals(Intent.ACTION_TIMEZONE_CHANGED)) { String tz = intent.getStringExtra("time-zone"); mCalendar = new Time(TimeZone.getTimeZone(tz).getID()); } onTimeChanged(); invalidate(); } };}
使用自定义的组件，在XML文件中像使用系统预定义的组件一样使用

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1. <com.android.example.CustomView  
2.                 android:id="@+id/customView" android:layout_height="fill_parent"  
3.                 android:layout_width="fill_parent" />  

<com.android.example.CustomViewandroid:id="@+id/customView" android:layout_height="fill_parent"android:layout_width="fill_parent" />