一、准备使用SQL Map
SQL Map架构能应用于设计不好的数据库模型甚至是设计不好的对象模型。尽管如此，您在设计数据库模型和对象模型时，还是应该遵循最佳的设计原则。这样，您会获得更好的性能和更简洁清晰的设计方案。设计最容易开始的地方是分析应用的业务逻辑。分析什么是应用的业务对象，什么是数据模型以及两者之间的关系。作为快速入门第一个例子，我们使用一个简单的Java Bean Person类。
Person.java
package examples.domain;
//imports implied….
public class Person {
private int id;
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private Date birthDate;
private double weightInKilograms;
private double heightInMeters;
public int getId () {
return id;
}
public void setId (int id) {
this.id = id;
}
//…let’s assume we have the other getters and setters to save space…
}Person类有了，如何将Person类映射成数据表呢？SQL Map对Java Bean和数据表之间的关系没有限制，如一个数据表映射成一个Java Bean，或多个表映射成一个Java Bean，或多个Java Bean映射成一个数据表等。因为使用SQL Map您可以充分发挥SQL语句的全部潜力而很少限制。下面这个例子，我们使用一个简单的表，将一个表映射成一个Java Bean，Java Bean和表是一对一的关系。
Person.sql
CREATE TABLE PERSON(
PER_ID NUMBER (5, 0) NOT NULL,
PER_FIRST_NAME VARCHAR (40) NOT NULL,
PER_LAST_NAME VARCHAR (40) NOT NULL,
PER_BIRTH_DATE DATETIME ,
PER_WEIGHT_KG NUMBER (4, 2) NOT NULL,
PER_HEIGHT_M NUMBER (4, 2) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (PER_ID)
)
二、SQL Map的配置文件
现在准备好了学习环境，让我们从学习SQL Map的配置文件开始，配置文件是SQL MAP的配置信息统一设置的地方。SQL Map配置文件是XML文件，我们可以它设置各种属性，JDBC DataSource和SQL Map。在配置文件中，可以方便地统一配置DataSource不同的实现。SQL Map框架包括DataSource的iBATIS实现：SimpleDataSource类，Jakarta DBCP（Commons），和可通过JNDI上下文查找的DataSource（即应用服务器中的DataSource）。详细的使用方法在以后的章节讨论。在本例中，我们使用Jakarta DBCP。对于上面的例子，配置非常简单，如下所示：
SqlMapConfigExample.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE sqlMapConfig
PUBLIC "-//iBATIS.com//DTD SQL Map Config 2.0//EN"
"http://www.ibatis.com/dtd/sql-map-config-2.dtd">
<!-- Always ensure to use the correct XML header as above! -->
< sqlMapConfig>
<!-- The properties (name=value) in the file specified here can be used placeholders in this
config file (e.g. “${driver}”. The file is relative to the classpath and is completely optional. -->
<properties resource="examples/sqlmap/maps/SqlMapConfigExample.properties" />
<!-- These settings control SqlMap configuration details, primarily to do with transaction
management. They are all optional (see the Developer Guide for more). -->
<settings
cacheModelsEnabled="true"
enhancementEnabled="true"
lazyLoadingEnabled="true"
maxRequests="32"
maxSessions="10"
maxTransactions="5"
useStatementNamespaces="false"
/>
<!-- Type aliases allow you to use a shorter name for long fully qualified class names. -->
<typeAlias alias="order" type="testdomain.Order"/>
<!-- Configure a datasource to use with this SQL Map using SimpleDataSource.
Notice the use of the properties from the above resource -->
<transactionManager type="JDBC" >
<dataSource type="SIMPLE">
<property name="JDBC.Driver" value="${driver}"/>
<property name="JDBC.ConnectionURL" value="${url}"/>
<property name="JDBC.Username" value="${username}"/>
<property name="JDBC.Password" value="${password}"/>
</dataSource>
</transactionManager>
<!-- Identify all SQL Map XML files to be loaded by this SQL map. Notice the paths
are relative to the classpath. For now, we only have one… -->
<sqlMap resource="examples/sqlmap/maps/Person.xml" />
</sqlMapConfig>SqlMapConfigExample.properties
# This is just a simple properties file that simplifies automated configuration
# of the SQL Maps configuration file (e.g. by Ant builds or continuous
# integration tools for different environments… etc.)
# These values can be used in any property value in the file above (e.g. “${driver}”)
# Using a properties file such as this is completely optional.
driver=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:oracle1
username=jsmith
password=test三、SQL Map的映射文件
现在DataSource已经配置好了，并且有了统一的SQL Map配置文件，我们还需要SQL Map的映射文件。映射文件包括SQL语句和参数对象和结果对象的映射。继续上面的例子，我们从一个简单的查询语句开始，为Person类和PERSON表之间创建一个SQL Map映射文件。
Person.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE sqlMap
PUBLIC "-//iBATIS.com//DTD SQL Map 2.0//EN"
"http://www.ibatis.com/dtd/sql-map-2.dtd">
<sqlMap namespace="Person">
<select id="getPerson" resultClass="examples.domain.Person">
SELECT PER_ID as id,
PER_FIRST_NAME as firstName,
PER_LAST_NAME as lastName,
PER_BIRTH_DATE as birthDate,
PER_WEIGHT_KG as weightInKilograms,
PER_HEIGHT_M as heightInMeters
FROM PERSON
WHERE PER_ID = #value#
</select>
</sqlMap>上面的例子是SQL Map最简单的形式。它使用了SQL Map框架中一个特性，根据匹配的名字将ResultSet的列映射成Java Bean的属性（或Map的key值）。#value#符号是输入参数，该符号表示使用了基本类型的包装类作为输入参数（即Integer，但不仅限于此类型）。
以上的方法虽然很简单，但有一些限制，无法指定输出字段的数据类型，无法自动地在结果对象中载入相关的信息（即Java Bean无法使用复杂的属性）；以上的方法对性能还有轻微的不利影响，因为需要读取ResultSetMetaData的信息。使用resultMap，可以克服以上的不足，但现在只需要一个简单的例子，以后我们再转向其他不同的方法（无须修改Java代码）。
大多数的应用不仅需要从数据库中读取数据，还需要修改数据。我们已有了一个SELECT查询语句的mapped statement简单例子，下面看看INSERT，UPDATE和DELETE的mapped statement什么样子。幸运的是，它们其实没什么区别。接下来，我们完成Person SQL Map其他部分，以实现修改数据的功能。
Person.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE sqlMap
PUBLIC "-//iBATIS.com//DTD SQL Map 2.0//EN"
"http://www.ibatis.com/dtd/sql-map-2.dtd">
<sqlMap namespace="Person">
<!-- Use primitive wrapper type (e.g. Integer) as parameter and allow results to
be auto-mapped results to Person object (Java Bean) properties -->
<select id="getPerson" parameterClass=”int” resultClass="examples.domain.Person">
SELECT PER_ID as id,
PER_FIRST_NAME as firstName,
PER_LAST_NAME as lastName,
PER_BIRTH_DATE as birthDate,
PER_WEIGHT_KG as weightInKilograms,
PER_HEIGHT_M as heightInMeters
FROM PERSON
WHERE PER_ID = #value#
</select>
<!-- Use Person object (Java Bean) properties as parameters for insert. Each of the
parameters in the #hash# symbols is a Java Beans property. -->
<insert id="insertPerson" parameterClass="examples.domain.Person">
INSERT INTO
PERSON (PER_ID, PER_FIRST_NAME, PER_LAST_NAME,
PER_BIRTH_DATE, PER_WEIGHT_KG, PER_HEIGHT_M)
VALUES (#id#, #firstName#, #lastName#,
#birthDate#, #weightInKilograms#, #heightInMeters#)
</insert>
<!-- Use Person object (Java Bean) properties as parameters for update. Each of the
parameters in the #hash# symbols is a Java Beans property. -->
<update id="updatePerson" parameterClass="examples.domain.Person">
UPDATE PERSON
SET PER_FIRST_NAME = #firstName#,
PER_LAST_NAME = #lastName#, PER_BIRTH_DATE = #birthDate#,
PER_WEIGHT_KG = #weightInKilograms#,
PER_HEIGHT_M = #heightInMeters#
WHERE PER_ID = #id#
</update>
<!-- Use Person object (Java Bean) “id” properties as parameters for delete. Each of the
parameters in the #hash# symbols is a Java Beans property. -->
<delete id="deletePerson" parameterClass="examples.domain.Person">
DELETE PERSON
WHERE PER_ID = #id#
</delete>
</sqlMap>四、使用SQL Map框架编程
好了，我们完成了所有的配置文件和映射文件，就剩下的应用的编码工作了。首先要设置SQL Map，读入刚创建好的SQL Map XML配置文件。为简化这个工作，可以使用SQL Map架构中提供的Resources类。String resource = “com/ibatis/example/sql-map-config.xml”;
Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader (resource);
SqlMapClient sqlMap = SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMapClient(reader);public class MyAppSqlConfig {
private static final SqlMapClient sqlMap;
static {
try {
String resource = “com/ibatis/example/sql-map-config.xml”;
Reader reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader (resource);
sqlMap = SqlMapClientBuilder.buildSqlMapClient(reader);
} catch (Exception e) {
// If you get an error at this point, it matters little what it was. It is going to be
// unrecoverable and we will want the app to blow up good so we are aware of the
// problem. You should always log such errors and re-throw them in such a way that
// you can be made immediately aware of the problem.
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException (“Error initializing MyAppSqlConfig class. Cause: ”+e);
}
}
public static getSqlMapInstance () {
return sqlMap;
}
}五、从数据库读取对象
既然SqlMap对象已完成初始化，就可以方便地使用它了。首先，我们用它从数据库中读取一个Person对象。（在本例中，假设PERSON表中已存在10条记录，PER_ID从1到10）。要从数据库中得到一个Person对象，只需要SqlMap实例，mapped statement的名字和一个Person ID号。让我们读入PER_ID是5的Person对象。
…
SqlMapClient sqlMap = MyAppSqlMapConfig.getSqlMapInstance(); // as coded above
…
Integer personPk = new Integer(5);
Person person = (Person) sqlMap.queryForObject (“getPerson”, personPk);
…
六、把对象写入数据库
…
person.setHeightInMeters(1.83); // person as read from the database above
person.setWeightInKilograms(86.36);
…
sqlMap.update(“updatePerson”, person);
…要删除这个Person对象，也很容易。
…
sqlMap.delete(“deletePerson”, person);
…Person newPerson = new Person();
newPerson.setId(11); // you would normally get the ID from a sequence or custom table
newPerson.setFirstName(“Clinton”);
newPerson.setLastName(“Begin”);
newPerson.setBirthDate (null);
newPerson.setHeightInMeters(1.83);
newPerson.setWeightInKilograms(86.36);
…
sqlMap.insert (“insertPerson”, newPerson);
…好了，快速入门课程终于学完了。
扫一扫
1万+
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
