Python笔记(四)—— if语句and字典

1. and or 可以直接写，就是字面意思

2.检查特定值是否包含在列表中(    in     语句中别忘了：)

requested_toppings = ['mushrooms', 'onions', 'pineapple']
if 'mushrooms' in requested_toppings：
    else：

 检查特定值是否不包含在列表中 （not  in）

banned_users = ['andrew', 'carolina', 'david']
user = 'marie'
if user not in banned_users:
    print(user.title() + ", you can post a response if you wish.")

3.if-elif-else 结构(类似于C)

age = 12
if age < 4:
    print("Your admission cost is $0.")
elif age < 18:
    print("Your admission cost is $5.")
else:
    print("Your admission cost is $10.")

4.遍历字典的键值对（.items）

user_0 = {
'username': 'efermi',
'first': 'enrico',
'last': 'fermi',
}
for key, value in user_0.items():
    print("\nKey: " + key)
    print("Value: " + value)

结果：Key: last
           Value: fermi
           Key: first
           Value: enrico
           Key: username
           Value: efermi

这种方法输出的键值对顺序是混乱的，如果要按照字母顺序输出键值对需要这样写：

user_0 = {
    'username': 'efermi',
    'first': 'enrico',
    'last': 'fermi',
}
for key, value in sorted(user_0.items()):  # 按照字母顺序排列
    print("\nKey: " + key)
    print("Value: " + value)

结果：Key: first
           Value: enrico

          Key: last
          Value: fermi

          Key: username
          Value: efermi

5.遍历字典中所有的键（keys（）方法）

favorite_languages = {
'jen': 'python',
'sarah': 'c',
'edward': 'ruby',
'phil': 'python',
}
for name in favorite_languages.keys():
    print(name.title())

遍历字典时，会默认遍历所有的键，因此，如果将上述代码中的 for name in favorite_languages.keys(): 替换为 for name in favorite_languages: ，输出将不变。

6.遍历字典中所有的值（values（）方法）

favorite_languages = {
'jen': 'python',
'sarah': 'c',
'edward': 'ruby',
'phil': 'python',
}
print("The following languages have been mentioned:")
for language in favorite_languages.values():
    print(language.title())

结果：The following languages have been mentioned:
           Python
           C
           Python
           Ruby

通过对包含重复元素的列表调用 set()剔除重复项 ，可让Python找出列表中独一无二的元素，并使用这些元素来创建一个集合。

favorite_languages = {
'jen': 'python',
'sarah': 'c',
'edward': 'ruby',
'phil': 'python',
}
print("The following languages have been mentioned:")
for language in set(favorite_languages.values()):
    print(language.title())

结果：The following languages have been mentioned:
           Python
           C
           Ruby

7.列表里嵌套字典

aliens = []  # 创建外星人空列表
for alien_number in range(0, 30):
    new_alien = {'color': 'green', 'points': 5, 'speed': 'slow'}
    aliens.append(new_alien)
for alien in aliens[0:3]:
    if alien['color'] == 'green':
        alien['color'] = 'yellow'
        alien['speed'] = 'medium'
        alien['points'] = 10
    elif alien['color'] == 'yellow':
        alien['color'] = 'red'
        alien['speed'] = 'fast'
        alien['points'] = 15
for alien in aliens[0:30]:
    print(alien)

  

8.字典里嵌套列表

favorite_languages = {
    'jen': ['python', 'ruby'],
    'sarah': ['c'],
    'edward': ['ruby', 'go'],
    'phil': ['python', 'haskell'],
}
for name, languages in favorite_languages.items():
    print("\n" + name.title() + "'s favorite languages are:")
    for language in languages:  # 在每个键再遍历它的两个值
        print("\t" + language.title())

  

9.字典中嵌套字典

users = {
    'aeinstein': {
        'first': 'albert',
        'last': 'einstein',
        'location': 'princeton',
    },
    'mcurie': {
        'first': 'marie',
        'last': 'curie',
        'location': 'paris',
    },
}
for username, user_info in users.items():
    print("\nUsername: " + username)
    full_name = user_info['first'] + " " + user_info['last']
    location = user_info['location']
    print("\tFull name: " + full_name.title())
    print("\tLocation: " + location.title())

  

10.修改字典

dict = {'Name': 'Zara', 'Age': 7, 'Class': 'First'}
 
dict['Age'] = 8 # 更新
dict['School'] = "RUNOOB" # 添加
 
 
print "dict['Age']: ", dict['Age']
print "dict['School']: ", dict['School']

  结果：

      dict['Age']:  8
      dict['School']:  RUNOOB