C#数据导出Excel详细介绍

摘要: 概要：excel导出在C#代码中应用己经很广泛了，我这里就做些总结，供自己和读者学习用。Excel知识点。 一、添加引用和命名空间 添加Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel引用，它的默认路径是C:\Program Files\Microsoft V ...

概要： excel导出在C#代码中应用己经很广泛了，我这里就做些总结，供自己和读者学习用。 Excel知识点。  一、添加引用和命名空间  添加Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel引用，它的默认路径是C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual  Studio 9.0\Visual Studio Tools for  Office\PIA\Office12\Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.dll  代码中添加引用using  Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;  二、Excel类的简单介绍  此命名空间下关于Excel类的结构分别为：  ApplicationClass - 就是我们的excel应用程序。  Workbook -  就是我们平常见的一个个excel文件，经常是使用Workbooks类对其进行操作。  Worksheet - 就是excel文件中的一个个sheet页。  Worksheet.Cells[row, column] -  就是某行某列的单元格，注意这里的下标row和column都是从1开始的，跟我平常用的数组或集合的下标有所不同。  知道了上述基本知识后，利用此类来操作excel就清晰了很多。  三、Excel的操作  任何操作Excel的动作首先肯定是用excel应用程序，首先要new一个ApplicationClass 实例，并在最后将此实例释放。  ApplicationClass xlsApp = new ApplicationClass(); // 1. 创建Excel应用程序对象的一个实例，相当于我们从开始菜单打开Excel应用程序。 if (xlsApp == null ) { // 对此实例进行验证，如果为null则表示运行此代码的机器可能未安装Excel } 1. 打开现有的Excel文件  Workbook workbook = xlsApp.Workbooks.Open(excelFilePath, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing, Type.Missing); Worksheet mySheet = workbook.Sheets[ 1 ] as Worksheet; // 第一个sheet页 mySheet.Name = " testsheet " ; // 这里修改sheet名称 2.复制sheet页  mySheet.Copy(Type.Missing, workbook.Sheets[ 1 ]); // 复制mySheet成一个新的sheet页，复制完后的名称是mySheet页名称后加一个(2)，这里就是testsheet(2)，复制完后，Worksheet的数量增加一个 注意  这里Copy方法的两个参数，指是的复制出来新的sheet页是在指定sheet页的前面还是后面，上面的例子就是指复制的sheet页在第一个sheet页的后面。  3.删除sheet页  xlsApp.DisplayAlerts = false ; // 如果想删除某个sheet页，首先要将此项设为fasle。 (xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[ 1 ] as Worksheet).Delete(); 4.选中sheet页  (xlsApp.ActiveWorkbook.Sheets[ 1 ] as Worksheet).Select(Type.Missing); // 选中某个sheet页 5.另存excel文件  workbook.Saved = true ; workbook.SaveCopyAs(filepath); 6.释放excel资源  workbook.Close( true , Type.Missing, Type.Missing); workbook = null ; xlsApp.Quit(); xlsApp = null ; 一般的我们传入一个DataTable生成Excel代码 /// <summary> /// /// </summary> /// <param name="dt"></param> protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt) { if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0 ) return ; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); if (xlApp == null ) { return ; } System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture; System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo( " en-US " ); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[ 1 ]; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range; long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count; long rowRead = 0 ; float percent = 0 ; for ( int i = 0 ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i ++ ) { worksheet.Cells[ 1 , i + 1 ] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName; range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[ 1 , i + 1 ]; range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15 ; range.Font.Bold = true ; } for ( int r = 0 ; r < dt.Rows.Count; r ++ ) { for ( int i = 0 ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i ++ ) { worksheet.Cells[r + 2 , i + 1 ] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString(); } rowRead ++ ; percent = (( float )( 100 * rowRead)) / totalCount; } xlApp.Visible = true ; } 如果要在excel中插入图片，我们需要把代码加入一行即可，如下所示 protected void ExportExcel(DataTable dt) { if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0 ) return ; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application xlApp = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); if (xlApp == null ) { return ; } System.Globalization.CultureInfo CurrentCI = System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture; System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture = new System.Globalization.CultureInfo( " en-US " ); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbooks workbooks = xlApp.Workbooks; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = workbooks.Add(Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlWBATemplate.xlWBATWorksheet); Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Worksheets[ 1 ]; Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range range; long totalCount = dt.Rows.Count; long rowRead = 0 ; float percent = 0 ; for ( int i = 0 ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i ++ ) { worksheet.Cells[ 1 , i + 1 ] = dt.Columns[i].ColumnName; range = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range)worksheet.Cells[ 1 , i + 1 ]; range.Interior.ColorIndex = 15 ; } for ( int r = 0 ; r < dt.Rows.Count; r ++ ) { for ( int i = 0 ; i < dt.Columns.Count; i ++ ) { try { worksheet.Cells[r + 2 , i + 1 ] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString(); } catch { worksheet.Cells[r + 2 , i + 1 ] = dt.Rows[r][i].ToString().Replace( " = " , "" ); } } rowRead ++ ; percent = (( float )( 100 * rowRead)) / totalCount; } worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture( " C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif " , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100 , 200 , 200 , 300 ); worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, " 123456 " , " Red " , 15 , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150 , 200 ); xlApp.Visible = true ; } 我们调用如下: public void GenerateExcel() { DataTable dt = new DataTable(); dt.Columns.Add( " Name " , typeof ( string )); dt.Columns.Add( " Age " , typeof ( string )); DataRow dr = dt.NewRow(); dr[ " Name " ] = " spring " ; dr[ " Age " ] = " 20 " ; dt.Rows.Add(dr); dt.AcceptChanges(); ExportExcel(dt); } 运行结果如下所示: 其中如下代码的作用是 worksheet.Shapes.AddPicture( " C:\\Users\\spring\\Desktop\\1.gif " , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoCTrue, 100 , 200 , 200 , 300 ); 在Excel的指定位置加入图片 worksheet.Shapes.AddTextEffect(Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoPresetTextEffect.msoTextEffect1, " 123456 " , " Red " , 15 , Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoFalse, Microsoft.Office.Core.MsoTriState.msoTrue, 150 , 200 ); 在Excel的指定位置加入文本框，和里面的内容. 我们可以这样来设计一个ExcelBase的基类: 先创建一个ExcelBE.cs： public class ExcelBE { private int _row = 0 ; private int _col = 0 ; private string _text = string .Empty; private string _startCell = string .Empty; private string _endCell = string .Empty; private string _interiorColor = string .Empty; private bool _isMerge = false ; private int _size = 0 ; private string _fontColor = string .Empty; private string _format = string .Empty; public ExcelBE( int row, int col, string text, string startCell, string endCell, string interiorColor, bool isMerge, int size, string fontColor, string format) { _row = row; _col = col; _text = text; _startCell = startCell; _endCell = endCell; _interiorColor = interiorColor; _isMerge = isMerge; _size = size; _fontColor = fontColor; _format = format; } public ExcelBE() { } public int Row { get { return _row; } set { _row = value; } } public int Col { get { return _col; } set { _col = value; } } public string Text { get { return _text; } set { _text = value; } } public string StartCell { get { return _startCell; } set { _startCell = value; } } public string EndCell { get { return _endCell; } set { _endCell = value; } } public string InteriorColor { get { return _interiorColor; } set { _interiorColor = value; } } public bool IsMerge { get { return _isMerge; } set { _isMerge = value; } } public int Size { get { return _size; } set { _size = value; } } public string FontColor { get { return _fontColor; } set { _fontColor = value; } } public string Formart { get { return _format; } set { _format = value; } } } 接下来创建ExcelBase.cs: public class ExcelBase { private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application app = null ; private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Workbook workbook = null ; private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet worksheet = null ; private Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Range workSheet_range = null ; public ExcelBase() { createDoc(); } public void createDoc() { try { app = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application(); app.Visible = true ; workbook = app.Workbooks.Add( 1 ); worksheet = (Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Worksheet)workbook.Sheets[ 1 ]; } catch (Exception e) { Console.Write( " Error " ); } finally { } } public void InsertData(ExcelBE be) { worksheet.Cells[be.Row, be.Col] = be.Text; workSheet_range = worksheet.get_Range(be.StartCell, be.EndCell); workSheet_range.MergeCells = be.IsMerge; workSheet_range.Interior.Color = GetColorValue(be.InteriorColor); workSheet_range.Borders.Color = System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb(); workSheet_range.ColumnWidth = be.Size; workSheet_range.Font.Color = string .IsNullOrEmpty(be.FontColor) ? System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb() : System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb(); workSheet_range.NumberFormat = be.Formart; } private int GetColorValue( string interiorColor) { switch (interiorColor) { case " YELLOW " : return System.Drawing.Color.Yellow.ToArgb(); case " GRAY " : return System.Drawing.Color.Gray.ToArgb(); case " GAINSBORO " : return System.Drawing.Color.Gainsboro.ToArgb(); case " Turquoise " : return System.Drawing.Color.Turquoise.ToArgb(); case " PeachPuff " : return System.Drawing.Color.PeachPuff.ToArgb(); default : return System.Drawing.Color.White.ToArgb(); } } } 调用的代码如下: private void btnRun_Click( object sender, EventArgs e) { ExcelBase excel = new ExcelBase(); // creates the main header ExcelBE be = null ; be = new ExcelBE ( 5 , 2 , " Total of Products " , " B5 " , " D5 " , " YELLOW " , true , 10 , " n " , null ); excel.InsertData(be); // creates subheaders be = new ExcelBE ( 6 , 2 , " Sold Product " , " B6 " , " B6 " , " GRAY " , true , 10 , "" , null ); excel.InsertData(be); be = new ExcelBE( 6 , 3 , "" , " C6 " , " C6 " , " GRAY " , true , 10 , "" , null ); excel.InsertData(be); be = new ExcelBE ( 6 , 4 , " Initial Total " , " D6 " , " D6 " , " GRAY " , true , 10 , "" , null ); excel.InsertData(be); // add Data to cells be = new ExcelBE ( 7 , 2 , " 114287 " , " B7 " , " B7 " , null , false , 10 , "" , " #,##0 " ); excel.InsertData(be); be = new ExcelBE ( 7 , 3 , "" , " C7 " , " C7 " , null , false , 10 , "" , null ); excel.InsertData(be); be = new ExcelBE( 7 , 4 , " 129121 " , " D7 " , " D7