VUE的使用,学会这些就足够了!!!(一)
<!– 开发环境版本,包含了有帮助的命令行警告 –>
<script src=“https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js”></script>
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2、建立简单的vue实例对象
<div id="app">
//调用vue中的数据
<h1>{{message}}</h1>
//下面的两种书写方式结果相同
<button v-on:click="click()">click</button>
<button @click="click()">click01</button>
</div>
<script>
var ve= new Vue({
el:’#app’,
data:{
message:‘hello’,
},
methods:{
click:function(){
alert(“你好,世界”);
}
}
});
</script>
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二、vue常用指令
1、v-on:绑定事件监听器,事件的类型由参数决定
例如:v-on:事件名称
或者@事件名称
2、v-if/v-else-if/v-else判断指令:根据表达式的值,进行渲染
例如:
<div id="app">
//isshow为true时,标签内的内容显示到页面
<h1 v-if="isshow">{{isshow}}ok</h1>
</div>
<script>
new Vue({
el:'#app',
data:{
message:'hello',
isshow:true,
},
methods:{
click:function(){
alert("你好,世界");
}
}
});
</script>
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3、v-model:数据绑定指令(一般为表单输入绑定)
//v-model 指令在表单<input>、<textarea> 及 <select> 元素上创建双向数据绑定
<input type="text" v-model="message" />{{message}}
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文本框里的内容与外面的内容绑定
4、v-for:循环(可以多层嵌套显示和java中的for循环原理一致)
v-for格式:<li v-for=“item in items”>{{item}} </ li>
其中:item是被迭代数组元素的别名
items是源数据数组
使用 item in items 的特殊格式语法
<div id="demo">
<ul>
<li v-for="item in items">{{item}}</li>
<li v-for="item in arr1">{{item}}</li>
<li v-for="item in arr1.a">{{item}}</li>
</ul>
</div>
<script>
new Vue({
el:'#demo',
data:{
items:[23,23,344,45],
arr1:{"a":[1,2,3],"b":[2,2,3]},
},
methods:{
}
});
</script>
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运行结果如图
5、v-bind:动态绑定属性
使用格式
v-bind:属性名=“data数据对象中的值”
简写
:属性名=“data数据对象中的值”
<styple>
.child{
width: 50px;
height: 50px;
background-color: gray;
color: black;
}
</style>
<div id="app">
<img v-bind:src="img" /> //动态绑定了imges属性,img改变了图片,那么img标签也会改变
<div :class="{'child':isshow}">div6</div>//div区域的显示根据isshow的值来判定
</div>
<script>
new Vue({
el:’#app’,
data:{
isshow:true,
img:‘111.png’,
}
})
</script>
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三、生命周期函数|钩子函数
1、生命周期函数
beforecreated:加一些loading事件
created:结束loading事件,还做一些初始化,实现函数自执行
mounted:发起后端请求,取回数据
接受页面之间传递的参数
子组件向父组件传递参数
2、下面用一个生命周期函数演示的实例
<div id="demo">
<h1>{{message}}</h1>
<button @click="changemessage()">changemessage</button>
</div>
<script>
var ve =new Vue({
el:’#demo’,
data:{
message:‘vue生命周期’,
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
beforeCreate<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">group</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"------------beforecreate-----------"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'el:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$el<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'data:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'message:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
created<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">group</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"------------created-----------"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'el:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$el<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'data:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'message:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
beforeMount<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">group</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"------------beforemount-----------"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'el:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$el<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'data:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'message:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
mounted<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">group</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"------------mounted-----------"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'el:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$el<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'data:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'message:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
beforeUpdate<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">group</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"------------beforeupdate-----------"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'el:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$el<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'data:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'message:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
updated<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">group</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"------------updated-----------"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'el:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$el<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'data:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'message:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
beforeDestroy<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">group</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"------------destotry-----------"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'el:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$el<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'data:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'message:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
destroyed<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">group</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"------------destroyed-----------"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'el:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$el<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'data:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$data<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
console<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">log</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'message:'</span><span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
methods<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
changemessage<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
<span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>message<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'666'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
//销毁是在实例外面调用的
ve.$destroy()
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实际的效果
点击changemessage按钮
四、vue组件
借用官网的一张图。
1、为什么使用组件?
使用组件一方面可以不用去直接修改标签,另一方面也会优化页面显示
注意:组件在实例前面书写
2、全局组件
<div id="box">
{{message}}
<all></all>
</div>
<script>
Vue.component("all",{
template:'<div><h1>{{name}}</h1></div>',
// template:'#box1',
data:function(){
return{
name:'李四'
}
}
})
var ve = new Vue({
el:"#box",
data:{
message:'hello'
}
});
</script>
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3、局部组件:局部组件放在实例中
父子组件可以嵌套使用
父子组件间作用域相互独立
子组件只能在父组件的模板中进行调用
子组件是父组件细化拆分的过程
父组件向子组件传值通过props进行
下面的示例中包含了父组件向子组件传值的功能
<div id="box">
<test>
</test>
</div>
<template id='box1'>
<div>
<input type="text" v-model="message" />
<box1 num="1" txt='yi' :msg="message"></box1>
<box1 num="2" txt='er' :msg="message"></box1>
</div>
</template>
<script>
var ve = new Vue({
el:’#box’,
data:{
},
//父級
components:{
‘test’:{
template:"#box1",
data:function(){
return{
message:‘aaa’
}
},
//子级
components:{
‘box1’:{
template:"#box2",
//子级想将父级的一个值,作为自己的一个局部变量
data:function(){
return{
mymsg:this.msg
}
},
//计算属性
computed:{
mymsg1:function(){
return this.msg+’!’
}
},
props:[
‘num’,‘txt’,‘msg’
]
}
}
}
}
})
</script>
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4、自定义监听事件(子组件向父组件传值)
自定义监听事件: $emit()
传值的过程:
子组件设定了一个点击事件,点击事件中夹带着传递的值—》通过getval方法将拿到的值赋值给父组件的message—》父组件显示出message值
<div id="box">
<parent></parent>
</div>
<template id='par'>
<div>
<h1> 父组件:{{parentmsg}}||{{message}}</h1>
<child @change="getval"></child>
</div>
</template>
<template id='child'>
<div @click="fn()">
<h2>子组件:{{childmsg}}</h2>
</div>
</template>
<script>
var vm = new Vue({
el:"#box",
components:{
"parent":{
template:'#par',
data:function(){
return {
parentmsg:"父组件的信息",
message:''
}
},
methods:{
getval:function(val){
this.message = val
console.log(val)
}
},
components:{
'child':{
template:'#child',
data:function(){
return{
childmsg:'子组件的信息'
}
},
methods:{
fn:function(){
this.$emit('change',this.childmsg)
}
}
}
}
}
}
})
</script>
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5、SLOT插槽(vue2.6.0之前版本使用的slot)
目的:其目的在于让组件的可扩展性更强,用来混合父组件的内容与子组件自己的模板.
分为匿名slot和具名slot
//匿名slot <div id="box"> <my-component>
<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>my<span class="token operator">-</span>component<span class="token operator">></span>
</div>
<template id=‘mycomponent’>
<div>
<p> 头部</p>
<slot> 如果没有分发,则默认显示</slot>
<p> 底部</p>
</div>
</template>
<script>
Vue.component(‘my-component’,{
template:’#mycomponent’
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
Vue<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">component</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'my-computer'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
template<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">'#mycomputer'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">var</span> vm <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>
el<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">'#box'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">/</span>script<span class="token operator">></span>
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//具名slot
<div id="box">
<my-computer>
<div slot='CPU'>n9000</div>
<div slot='GPU'>OOOO</div>
</my-computer>
</div>
<template id='mycomputer'>
<div>
<slot name="GPU">GPU</slot>
<slot name="CPU">CPU</slot>
<slot name="DIST">DIST</slot>
</div>
</template>
<script>
Vue.component('my-computer',{
template:'#mycomputer'
})
var vm = new Vue({
el:'#box',
})
</script>
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五、vue的路由设置
要引入vue-router.js库文件
作用:
根据url锚点的位置,在容器中加载不同的模块,本质是作为页面导航
完成SPA(Singal Page Application)的开发
一种特殊的web应用,它将所有活动局限于一个web页面中,仅web页面初始化时加载项应的html、JavaScript、css
一旦页面加载完成,SPA不会因为用户的操作而进行页面的重新加载或跳转,而是利用JavaScript动态的变换HTML(采用的是div切换显示或隐藏),从而实现ui与用户的交互
下面是一个简单地单页面示例
<div id="app"> <ul> <li > <router-link to="/home">首页</router-link> </li> <li > <router-link to="/news">新闻</router-link> </li> <li > <router-link to="/hot">热点</router-link> </li> </ul> <div class="show"> <router-view></router-view> </div> <button @click="back()">go back</button> </div> <script> const Home={template:'<h2>首页</h2>'} const News={template:'<h2>新闻</h2>'} const Hot={template:'<h2>热点</h2>'} //Vue.extend(template:'<h1>首页</h1>') //配置路径 const routes=[ { path:'/home',component:Home }, { path:'/news',component:News }, { path:'/hot',component:Hot } ]
<span class="token comment">//创建router</span> <span class="token keyword">const</span> router <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">VueRouter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> routes <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">var</span> vm <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Vue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> el<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token string">'#app'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> router<span class="token punctuation">,</span> beforeCreate<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token keyword">function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$router<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">push</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'/home'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token keyword">catch</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>err<span class="token operator">=></span><span class="token punctuation">{</span>err<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> methods<span class="token punctuation">:</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token function">back</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>$router<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">go</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</script>
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二级路由的配置是在一级路由的基础上,在某一个path下再分离出几个低级的path
示例
{
//新闻模块下有将新闻进行分类:科技、军事等;其他步骤不影响
path:'/news',component:News,
children:[
/* 二级路由,path分配,前面没有“ / ” */
{
path:'js',
component:{
template:'<p>军事类新闻</p>'
}
},
{
path:'kj',
component:{
template:'<p>科技类新闻</p>'
}
},
{
/* 默认页面可以直接用一个组件,也可以重定向 */
path:'/',
redirect:'js'
// component:{
// template:'<p>默认值</p>'
// }
}
]
},
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路由的进一步详解
六、axios的使用
使用了常用的两种axios的方法
axios的get方法使用
<div id="app">
<h1>{{msg}}</h1>
<button @click='getMsg'>Click</button>
</div>
<script>
/* 创建Vue实例 /
var vm=new Vue({
el:’#app’,
data:{
msg:’’
},
methods:{
getMsg:function(){
/ 方式一
axios.get(’./text.txt?name=zhy&age=20’).then(res=>{
console.log(res.data)
this.msg=res.data
}).catch(err=>{
console.log(err)
}) */
//方式二
axios.get(’./text.txt’,{params:{name:‘zhy’,age:20}}).then(res=>{
this.msg=res.data
}).catch(err=>{
console.log(err)
})
}
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
</script>
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点击事件触发后,就会将text文件中的数据拿到前端显示
post和get方法使用一样
总结
有些点没有写到,之后会继续补充。
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