一:
数据库:
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee_tbl; +------+------+------------+--------------------+ | id | name | work_date | daily_typing_pages | +------+------+------------+--------------------+ | 1 | John | 2007-01-24 | 250 | | 2 | Ram | 2007-05-27 | 220 | | 3 | Jack | 2007-05-06 | 170 | | 3 | Jack | 2007-04-06 | 100 | | 4 | Jill | 2007-04-06 | 220 | | 5 | Zara | 2007-06-06 | 300 | | 5 | Zara | 2007-02-06 | 350 | +------+------+------------+--------------------+
sum函数:mysql> SELECT SUM(daily_typing_pages) -> FROM employee_tbl; +-------------------------+ | SUM(daily_typing_pages) | +-------------------------+ | 1610 | +-------------------------+Group by函数mysql> SELECT name, SUM(daily_typing_pages) -> FROM employee_tbl GROUP BY name; +------+-------------------------+ | name | SUM(daily_typing_pages) | +------+-------------------------+ | Jack | 270 | | Jill | 220 | | John | 250 | | Ram | 220 | | Zara | 650 | +------+-------------------------+
Ave函数:rand()函数:产生0到1之间的随机数mysql> SELECT AVG(daily_typing_pages) -> FROM employee_tbl; +-------------------------+ | AVG(daily_typing_pages) | +-------------------------+ | 230.0000 | +-------------------------+
mysql> SELECT RAND( ), RAND( ), RAND( ); +------------------+-----------------+------------------+ | RAND( ) | RAND( ) | RAND( ) | +------------------+-----------------+------------------+ | 0.45464584925645 | 0.1824410643265 | 0.54826780459682 | +------------------+-----------------+------------------+二:
前提条件:假设有两个表,一个是学生表,一个是学生成绩表。
表的数据有:
一、内连接-inner jion :
最常见的连接查询可能是这样,查出学生的名字和成绩:
select s.name,m.mark from student s,mark m where s.id=m.studentid上面就是我们最常见的inner join,即内连接,把符合student.id=mark.studentid 条件的元组才选出来,也可以写成:
select s.name,m.mark from student s inner join mark m on s.id=m.studentid符合条件的只有两条结果,查出结果为:
二、左连接-left join:
左连接是把左边的表的元组全部选出来:
select s.name,m.mark from student s left join mark m on s.id=m.studentid上面语句就是把左边的表,即student表中的元组全部选出,尽管有些分数表是没数据的,也选了出来,选出的结果为:
三、右连接-right join:
右连接就是把右边表的数据全部取出,不管左边的表是否有匹配的数据:
select s.name,m.mark from student s right join mark m on s.id=m.studentid上面的语句就是把mark分数表的数据全部取出来,不管student表中是否有数据匹配,如下图所示:
四、全连接-full join:
把左右两个表的数据都取出来,不管是否匹配:
select s.name,m.mark from student s full join mark m on s.id=m.studentid如下图所示,学生表和成绩表的数据都取了出来:
比较常用的是第一种,内连接,而且是用这种写法:
select s.name,m.mark from student s,mark m where s.id=m.studentid
三:--简单case函数 case sex when '1' then '男' when '2' then '女’ else '其他' end --case搜索函数 case when sex = '1' then '男' when sex = '2' then '女' else '其他' end (二者实现功能相同)