一、使用实例
1、导入需要的包
首先,为了使用Spring的AOP注解功能,必须在pom.xml中导入如下几个包。
- <properties>
- <org.springframework-version>3.2.9.RELEASE</org.springframework-version>
- <commons-logging.version>1.1</commons-logging.version>
- <org.slf4j-version>1.7.2</org.slf4j-version>
- </properties>
- <dependencies>
- <!-- Spring -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
- <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
- <exclusions>
- <!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
- <exclusion>
- <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
- </exclusion>
- </exclusions>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
- <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
- <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
- <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
- <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
- <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
- <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.dbunit</groupId>
- <artifactId>dbunit</artifactId>
- <version>2.4.6</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
- <version>${org.springframework-version}</version>
- <exclusions>
- <!-- Exclude Commons Logging in favor of SLF4j -->
- <exclusion>
- <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
- </exclusion>
- </exclusions>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
- <version>${commons-logging.version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <!-- Logging -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
- <version>${org.slf4j-version}</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>log4j</groupId>
- <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
- <version>1.2.15</version>
- <exclusions>
- <exclusion>
- <groupId>javax.mail</groupId>
- <artifactId>mail</artifactId>
- </exclusion>
- <exclusion>
- <groupId>javax.</groupId>
- <artifactId>jms</artifactId>
- </exclusion>
- <exclusion>
- <groupId>com.sun.jdmk</groupId>
- <artifactId>jmxtools</artifactId>
- </exclusion>
- <exclusion>
- <groupId>com.sun.jmx</groupId>
- <artifactId>jmxri</artifactId>
- </exclusion>
- </exclusions>
- <scope>runtime</scope>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
- <artifactId>aspectjrt</artifactId>
- <version>1.6.11</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
- <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
- <version>1.6.11</version>
- </dependency>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>cglib</groupId>
- <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
- <version>2.1</version>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
2、配置文件applicationContext.xml
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
- <span style="color:#FF0000;">http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd</span>
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
- <!-- 声明注解方式加载bean-->
- <context:annotation-config/>
- <!-- 要加载的bean的包路径-->
- <context:component-scan base-package="com.meituan.hyt.test.service"/>
- <!-- 自动扫描被@Aspect注解的bean-->
- <aop:aspectj-autoproxy/>
- <bean id="myInterceptor" class="com.meituan.hyt.test.aop.MyInterceptor"/>
- </beans>
3、编写自己的业务接口和实现类,注解为spring bean
- package com.meituan.hyt.test.service;
- public interface PersonService {
- public void save(String name);
- public void update(int name);
- public void throwException();
- public String getPersonName();
- }
- package com.meituan.hyt.test.service;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- @Service(value = "personService")
- public class PersonServiceImpl implements PersonService {
- @Override
- public String getPersonName() {
- System.out.println("我是getPersonName()方法。。。");
- return "返回结果";
- }
- @Override
- public void save(String name) {
- System.out.println("我是save()方法。。。");
- }
- @Override
- public void update(int name) {
- System.out.println("我是update()方法。。。");
- }
- @Override
- public void throwException() {
- System.out.println("我是throwException()方法。。。");
- throw new RuntimeException("异常了。。");
- }
- }
4、编写切面
- package com.meituan.hyt.test.aop;
- import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.*;
- /**
- * Created by heyutao on 15/11/2.
- */
- @Aspect
- public class MyInterceptor {
- @Pointcut("execution(* com.meituan.hyt.test.service.*.*(..))")
- //声明一个切入点
- private void anyMethod() {
- }
- @Before("anyMethod() && args(name)")//声明前置通知
- public void doBefore(String name) {
- System.out.println("前置通知");
- System.out.println("---" + name + "---");
- }
- @AfterReturning(pointcut = "anyMethod()", returning = "result")//声明后置通知
- public void doAfterReturning(String result) {
- System.out.println("后置通知");
- System.out.println("---" + result + "---");
- }
- @AfterThrowing(pointcut = "anyMethod()", throwing = "e")//声明例外通知
- public void doAfterThrowing(Exception e) {
- System.out.println("例外通知");
- System.out.println(e.getMessage());
- }
- @After("anyMethod()")//声明最终通知
- public void doAfter() {
- System.out.println("最终通知");
- }
- @Around("anyMethod()")//声明环绕通知
- public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
- System.out.println("进入方法---环绕通知");
- //显示调用,确保被代理的方法被调用
- Object o = pjp.proceed();
- System.out.println("退出方法---环绕通知");
- return o;
- }
- }
1、@Pointcut("execution(* com.meituan.hyt.test.service.*.*(..))")声明一个切入点,可以拦截具体到某个方法,即在执行此方法之前、之后、最终、异常……时可以执行的其他业务方法(通知advice);
括号内的意思是:拦截某个方法,返回值是所有类型(第一个*),要拦截的是com.aoptest.service包及其子包下的所有类(..*)类下所有的方法(第三个.*)
2、args(name)
可以得到参数值,此时args(name)限制条件限定了"eexecution(* com.meituan.hyt.test.service.*.*(..))"中只拦截参数个数只有1个且类型为String的方法,而不是所有方法
5、编写测试方法
- import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
- import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
- import com.meituan.hyt.test.service.PersonService;
- /**
- * Created by heyutao on 15/11/2.
- */
- public class Main {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
- PersonService personService = (PersonService) cxt.getBean("personService");
- System.out.println("----------------save start------------");
- personService.save("我是参数");
- System.out.println("----------------save end------------");
- System.out.println("----------------update start------------");
- personService.update(100);
- System.out.println("----------------update end------------");
- System.out.println("----------------throwException start------------");
- personService.throwException();
- System.out.println("----------------throwException end------------");
- System.out.println("----------------getPersonName start------------");
- String result = personService.getPersonName();
- System.out.println(result);
- System.out.println("----------------getPersonName end------------");
- }
- }
6、执行结果
----------------save start------------进入方法---环绕通知
前置通知
---我是参数---
我是save()方法。。。
退出方法---环绕通知
最终通知
后置通知
---null---
----------------save end------------
----------------update start------------
进入方法---环绕通知
我是update()方法。。。
退出方法---环绕通知
最终通知
后置通知
---null---
----------------update end------------
----------------throwException start------------
进入方法---环绕通知
我是throwException()方法。。。
最终通知
例外通知
异常了。。
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: 异常了。。
at com.meituan.hyt.test.service.PersonServiceImpl.throwException(PersonServiceImpl.java:32)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(AopUtils.java:317)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.invokeJoinpoint(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:183)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:150)
at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPoint.proceed(MethodInvocationProceedingJoinPoint.java:80)
at com.meituan.hyt.test.aop.MyInterceptor.doAround(MyInterceptor.java:51)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AbstractAspectJAdvice.invokeAdviceMethodWithGivenArgs(AbstractAspectJAdvice.java:621)
at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AbstractAspectJAdvice.invokeAdviceMethod(AbstractAspectJAdvice.java:610)
at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAroundAdvice.invoke(AspectJAroundAdvice.java:65)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAfterAdvice.invoke(AspectJAfterAdvice.java:42)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.adapter.AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor.invoke(AfterReturningAdviceInterceptor.java:51)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
at org.springframework.aop.aspectj.AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice.invoke(AspectJAfterThrowingAdvice.java:55)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:91)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:172)
at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:204)
at com.sun.proxy.$Proxy12.throwException(Unknown Source)
at Main.main(Main.java:24)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:134)
二、原理分析
1、命名空间
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"> 该命名空间会交给org.springframework.aop.config.AopNamespaceHandler处理,并在AspectJAutoProxyBeanDefinitionParser中,会执行parse方法解析配置:
- public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
- AopNamespaceUtils.registerAspectJAnnotationAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(parserContext, element);
- extendBeanDefinition(element, parserContext);
- return null;
- }
- if (registry.containsBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME)) {
- BeanDefinition apcDefinition = registry.getBeanDefinition(AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME);
- if (!cls.getName().equals(apcDefinition.getBeanClassName())) {
- int currentPriority = findPriorityForClass(apcDefinition.getBeanClassName());
- int requiredPriority = findPriorityForClass(cls);
- if (currentPriority < requiredPriority) {
- apcDefinition.setBeanClassName(cls.getName());
- }
- }
- return null;
- }
即首先判断当前容器中是否包含名字为AUTO_PROXY_CREATOR_BEAN_NAME的Bean, 如果包含:然后判断优先级,谁优先级高谁获胜,即最后那个获胜的是实际的AutoProxyCreator。到此我们可以看到跟使用xml配置的方式 "<bean class="org.springframework.aop.aspectj.autoproxy.AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator">"配置没什么区别,除了没有名字外。
2、AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator
AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator的注册,对于AOP的实现基本就靠这个类实现。AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator实现了SmartInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor这个接口,它是BeanPostProcessor的子接口。
BeanPostProcessor接口作用是:如果这个接口的某个实现类被注册到某个容器,那么spring容器的每个受管Bean在调用初始化方法之前,都会获得该接口实现类的一个回调,回调方法包括postProcessBeforeInstantiation以及postProcessAfterInstantiation方法。AspectJAwareAdvisorAutoProxyCreator的实现原理就是在回调方法中,找到所有的标有@AspectJ类中的增加方法,即标有@Before,@After,@AfterReturning,@Around等注解的方法,并且从中挑出能cut到当前bean的advisor,一个增强方法对应Advisor,最终形成一个Advisor的列表,并且是有序的集合,顺序分别是Around, Before, After, AfterReturning, AfterThrowing。然后将这个Advisor的列表作为参数,生成目标对象的代理对象,并返回。动态生成代理对象的方式有两种:jdk动态代理和cglib。