这节课将前面几节课学习的东西都整合起来，向你展示如何使用后台线程和Bitmap缓存加载多个Bitmap(位图)到ViewPager和GridView组件中，并学习如何处理并发和配置变化问题。
Load Bitmaps into a ViewPager Implementation [实现加载图片到ViewPager]
滑动浏览模式(Swipe View Pattern)是一种很好的浏览图库里图片详细信息的方式。你可以使用ViewPager组件配合PagerAdapter(适配器)来实现这种模式。然而，更加合适的适配器是其子类FragmentStatePagerAdapter，它可以在ViewPager退出屏幕的时候自动销毁并保存Fragments的状态，使得内存依然保留下来。
注意：如果你只有少量的图片，并且确信它们不会超出程序的内存限制，使用常规的 PagerAdapter 比FragmentPagerAdapter或许更加合适。
这里有一个包含ImageView的ViewPager的实现类，Main Activity(主活动)持有这个ViewPager和Adapter：
public class ImageDetailActivity extends FragmentActivity {
public static final String EXTRA_IMAGE = "extra_image";
private ImagePagerAdapter mAdapter;
private ViewPager mPager;
// A static dataset to back the ViewPager adapter
public final static Integer[] imageResIds = new Integer[] {
R.drawable.sample_image_1, R.drawable.sample_image_2, R.drawable.sample_image_3,
R.drawable.sample_image_4, R.drawable.sample_image_5, R.drawable.sample_image_6,
R.drawable.sample_image_7, R.drawable.sample_image_8, R.drawable.sample_image_9};
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.image_detail_pager); // Contains just a ViewPager
mAdapter = new ImagePagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager(), imageResIds.length);
mPager = (ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.pager);
mPager.setAdapter(mAdapter);
}
public static class ImagePagerAdapter extends FragmentStatePagerAdapter {
private final int mSize;
public ImagePagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm, int size) {
super(fm);
mSize = size;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return mSize;
}
@Override
public Fragment getItem(int position) {
return ImageDetailFragment.newInstance(position);
}
}
}public class ImageDetailFragment extends Fragment {
private static final String IMAGE_DATA_EXTRA = "resId";
private int mImageNum;
private ImageView mImageView;
static ImageDetailFragment newInstance(int imageNum) {
final ImageDetailFragment f = new ImageDetailFragment();
final Bundle args = new Bundle();
args.putInt(IMAGE_DATA_EXTRA, imageNum);
f.setArguments(args);
return f;
}
// Empty constructor, required as per Fragment docs
public ImageDetailFragment() {}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mImageNum = getArguments() != null ? getArguments().getInt(IMAGE_DATA_EXTRA) : -1;
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
// image_detail_fragment.xml contains just an ImageView
final View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.image_detail_fragment, container, false);
mImageView = (ImageView) v.findViewById(R.id.imageView);
return v;
}
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
final int resId = ImageDetailActivity.imageResIds[mImageNum];
mImageView.setImageResource(resId); // Load image into ImageView
}
}希望你能注意到这个问题：这些图片是在UI线程从资源中读取过来的，而这极有可能导致应用挂起甚至被强制关闭。使用在“Processing Bitmaps Off the UI Thread”一课中提到的AsyncTask，直接将图片加载和处理移到后台线程中。
public class ImageDetailActivity extends FragmentActivity {
...
public void loadBitmap(int resId, ImageView imageView) {
mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.image_placeholder);
BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask(mImageView);
task.execute(resId);
}
... // include BitmapWorkerTask class
}
public class ImageDetailFragment extends Fragment {
...
@Override
public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
if (ImageDetailActivity.class.isInstance(getActivity())) {
final int resId = ImageDetailActivity.imageResIds[mImageNum];
// Call out to ImageDetailActivity to load the bitmap in a background thread
((ImageDetailActivity) getActivity()).loadBitmap(resId, mImageView);
}
}
}任何额外的处理(例如调整大小或者从网络获取图片)可以放在BitmapWorkerTask中而不会影响到主UI线程的响应性。如果后台线程做的不仅仅是直接从硬盘直接加载图片，那么如“Caching Bitmaps”一课中说的，将图片缓存到内存或者硬盘是有利于程序优化的。这里是对内存缓存的一些额外修改：
public class ImageDetailActivity extends FragmentActivity {
...
private LruCache<String, Bitmap> mMemoryCache;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
...
// initialize LruCache as per Use a Memory Cache section
}
public void loadBitmap(int resId, ImageView imageView) {
final String imageKey = String.valueOf(resId);
final Bitmap bitmap = mMemoryCache.get(imageKey);
if (bitmap != null) {
mImageView.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
} else {
mImageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.image_placeholder);
BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask(mImageView);
task.execute(resId);
}
}
... // include updated BitmapWorkerTask from Use a Memory Cache section
}Load Bitmaps into a GridView Implementatio [实现加载图片到GridView]
- 网格列表控件(Grid List Building Block)对于显示图片数据集非常有用，它能够使用GridView组件来实现，GridView一次可以显示很多图片在屏幕上，如果用户上下滚动的话，会有更多的图片需要准备以便随时显示在屏幕上。在实现这种类型的控制的时候，你必须确保UI保持流畅，内存使用处于控制之中并且正确地处理并发问题(取决于GridView回收子视图的方式)。
- 首先，这里有一个标准的GridView实现，将ImageView子控件存放在Fragment中。我们再一次思考这个问题，这个方法看起来似乎非常完美且合乎情理，但是怎样让它变得更好呢？
public class ImageGridFragment extends Fragment implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener {
private ImageAdapter mAdapter;
// A static dataset to back the GridView adapter
public final static Integer[] imageResIds = new Integer[] {
R.drawable.sample_image_1, R.drawable.sample_image_2, R.drawable.sample_image_3,
R.drawable.sample_image_4, R.drawable.sample_image_5, R.drawable.sample_image_6,
R.drawable.sample_image_7, R.drawable.sample_image_8, R.drawable.sample_image_9};
// Empty constructor as per Fragment docs
public ImageGridFragment() {}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
mAdapter = new ImageAdapter(getActivity());
}
@Override
public View onCreateView(
LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
final View v = inflater.inflate(R.layout.image_grid_fragment, container, false);
final GridView mGridView = (GridView) v.findViewById(R.id.gridView);
mGridView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
mGridView.setOnItemClickListener(this);
return v;
}
@Override
public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View v, int position, long id) {
final Intent i = new Intent(getActivity(), ImageDetailActivity.class);
i.putExtra(ImageDetailActivity.EXTRA_IMAGE, position);
startActivity(i);
}
private class ImageAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private final Context mContext;
public ImageAdapter(Context context) {
super();
mContext = context;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return imageResIds.length;
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return imageResIds[position];
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup container) {
ImageView imageView;
if (convertView == null) { // if it's not recycled, initialize some attributes
imageView = new ImageView(mContext);
imageView.setScaleType(ImageView.ScaleType.CENTER_CROP);
imageView.setLayoutParams(new GridView.LayoutParams(
LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT, LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT));
} else {
imageView = (ImageView) convertView;
}
imageView.setImageResource(imageResIds[position]); // Load image into ImageView
return imageView;
}
}
}再一次地，这个实现类的问题还是在UI线程中设置图片。这种方式或许能够处理小而简单的图片(系统资源的加载和缓存)，如果需要做任何附加的处理，UI就会被阻塞(甚至引起ANR(Application Not Responding))。
和前一节相同的处理方式，我们在后台线程中对图片进行处理和缓存。然而，考虑到GridView回收子视图的方式，你需要谨慎处理并发问题。可以参照“ Processing Bitmaps Off the UI Thread”一课中提到的技巧。下面是更正的解决方案：
public class ImageGridFragment extends Fragment implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener {
...
private class ImageAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
...
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup container) {
...
loadBitmap(imageResIds[position], imageView)
return imageView;
}
}
public void loadBitmap(int resId, ImageView imageView) {
if (cancelPotentialWork(resId, imageView)) {
final BitmapWorkerTask task = new BitmapWorkerTask(imageView);
final AsyncDrawable asyncDrawable =
new AsyncDrawable(getResources(), mPlaceHolderBitmap, task);
imageView.setImageDrawable(asyncDrawable);
task.execute(resId);
}
}
static class AsyncDrawable extends BitmapDrawable {
private final WeakReference<BitmapWorkerTask> bitmapWorkerTaskReference;
public AsyncDrawable(Resources res, Bitmap bitmap,
BitmapWorkerTask bitmapWorkerTask) {
super(res, bitmap);
bitmapWorkerTaskReference =
new WeakReference<BitmapWorkerTask>(bitmapWorkerTask);
}
public BitmapWorkerTask getBitmapWorkerTask() {
return bitmapWorkerTaskReference.get();
}
}
public static boolean cancelPotentialWork(int data, ImageView imageView) {
final BitmapWorkerTask bitmapWorkerTask = getBitmapWorkerTask(imageView);
if (bitmapWorkerTask != null) {
final int bitmapData = bitmapWorkerTask.data;
if (bitmapData != data) {
// Cancel previous task
bitmapWorkerTask.cancel(true);
} else {
// The same work is already in progress
return false;
}
}
// No task associated with the ImageView, or an existing task was cancelled
return true;
}
private static BitmapWorkerTask getBitmapWorkerTask(ImageView imageView) {
if (imageView != null) {
final Drawable drawable = imageView.getDrawable();
if (drawable instanceof AsyncDrawable) {
final AsyncDrawable asyncDrawable = (AsyncDrawable) drawable;
return asyncDrawable.getBitmapWorkerTask();
}
}
return null;
}
... // include updated BitmapWorkerTask class这里的实现方法允许灵活地处理和加载图片，并且不会影响UI的流畅性。在后台任务中，你可以从网络加载图片，调整大幅的数码相机照片的尺寸，并在处理任务结束的时候将图片显示在UI界面中。
获取完整的代码示例，请参考包含的示例应用程序。
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