Hibernate入门

1、在pom中引入hibernate和h2内存数据库

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.h2database</groupId>
  <artifactId>h2</artifactId>
  <version>1.3.176</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
  <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
  <version>4.3.1.Final</version>
</dependency>

2、目录结构及代码

hibernate.cfg.xml放在代码之外，和最终的class目录平级。

user.hbm.xml放在包内，和class文件同包。

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC  
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"  
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
	<session-factory>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">org.h2.Driver</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:h2:./h2db/sxaz42b4</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.username">sa</property>
		<property name="hibernate.connection.password">sa</property>
		<property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect</property>
		<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
		<property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
	
		<mapping resource="gaofeng/db/User.hbm.xml" />
	</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC   
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"  
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="gaofeng.db.User" table="User">
        <id name="Id" column="Id"> <generator class="increment" />  </id>
        <property name="name" column="name" />
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

package gaofeng.db;

public class User {
	public int getId() {
		return Id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		Id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	private int Id;
	private String name;
}

package gaofeng.db;

import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;

public class UserDao {
	public Session session;
	public List<User> getAll(){
		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
		List<User> users = session.createQuery("from User").list();
		for (User user : users) {
			System.out.println(user.getId() + ":" + user.getName());
		}
		return users;
	}
	public List<User> getOnePage(){
		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
		List<User> users = session.createQuery("from User").setFirstResult(2).setMaxResults(2).list();
		for (User user : users) {
			System.out.println(user.getId() + ":" + user.getName());
		}
		return users;
	}
	public User load(int id){
		try{
			return (User) session.load(User.class, id);
		}catch(Exception e){
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}
	public void add(User user){
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		try{
			session.save(user);
			transaction.commit();
		}catch(Exception e){
			transaction.rollback();
		}
	}
	public void del(User user){
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		try{
			session.delete(user);;
			transaction.commit();
		}catch(Exception e){
			transaction.rollback();
		}
	}
	public void update(User user){
		Transaction transaction = session.beginTransaction();
		try{
			session.update(user);
			transaction.commit();
		}catch(Exception e){
			transaction.rollback();
		}
	}
	public void init(){
        Configuration cfg=new Configuration().configure();
        StandardServiceRegistryBuilder ssrb=new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(cfg.getProperties());
        ServiceRegistry service= ssrb.build();
        SessionFactory factory=cfg.buildSessionFactory(service);
        session= factory.openSession();
        
	}
	public void closeSession() {
		if(session!=null) session.close();
	}
}

package gaofeng.db;

import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class UserDaoTest {
	UserDao dao = new UserDao();
	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		dao.init();
	}

	@After
	public void tearDown() throws Exception {
		dao.getAll();
		dao.closeSession();
	}

	@Test
	public void test() {
		User user = new User();
		user.setId(2);
		user.setName("gaofeng"+System.currentTimeMillis());
		Transaction trx =  dao.session.beginTransaction();
		dao.session.saveOrUpdate(user);
		trx.commit();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void test2() {
		User user = dao.load(2);
		user.setName("gaofeng"+System.currentTimeMillis());
		
		Transaction trx =  dao.session.beginTransaction();
		dao.session.saveOrUpdate(user);
		
		dao.session.clear();
		trx.commit();
	}
	
	@Test
	public void test3() {
		
		Transaction trx =  dao.session.beginTransaction();
		dao.session.createSQLQuery("update User set name='gaofeng' ").executeUpdate();
		trx.commit();
	}	
}

4、会话工厂是一个重量级对象，线程安全的，里面有大量的二级缓存，原则上一个数据库只应该有一个会话工厂。

      会话时一个轻量级对象，非线程安全，里面有缓存信息，有会话池管理，可以随用随创建。
5、对象有瞬时态，离线态，持久化态。 持久化态时，不管中间做了多少次操作，只是最终关闭会话时，与持久化池中的内容比较，不相同，才发update语句。

update、save、deltete、需要提交事务。

load默认是延迟加载的，get不是延迟加载的。

由于load的记录可能不存在，所以入库时，尽量用saveOrUpdate。

clear可以清除当前会话中的操作。