四 View 的 measure 过程

如果 View 只是一个原始的 View，通过 measure 方法就可以完成测量过程；如果是一个 ViewGroup，会先对子元素进行 measure，然后测量 ViewGroup 自身。
1：View 的 measure 过程
(ViewGroup) measureChildren() -> (ViewGroup) measureChild -> (ViewGroup) child.measure() -> measure() -> onMeasure() -> getDefaultSize() -> setMeasuredDimension()
View 的 measure 方法是一个 final 类型的，不能被重写，在该方法中会调用 onMeasure，View 的onMeasure实现如下：

    /**
     * 如果是ViewGroup，需要对所有子 View 进行测量，需要自己去实现
     */
    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    }

setMeasuredDimension()：设置 View 宽高的测量值。
接下来看getDefaultSize()的实现：
从代码中也可以看出：自定义View的时候，如果直接继承 View，并且不重写 onMeasure()，那么 AT_MOST 和 EXACTLY的测量结果是相等的，都是父容器的剩余空间大小。

    /**
     *    返回的大小就是View测量后的大小，多次提到测量后的大小，是因为View最终的测量是在layout阶段确定的。
     * 但是几乎所有情况下View的测量大小和最终大小是相等的。
     * UNSPECIFIED：一般是用于内部的测量
     */
    public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) {
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        }
        return result;
    }

UNSPECIFIED:用于系统内部的测量，而此时 result 的大小是getSuggestedMinimumWidth()的返回值：

    protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
        /**
         * 如果没有设置背景，那么View的宽度为mMinWidth，该值对应于android:minWidth属性对应的值
         *      如果不指定mMinWidth的值，默认为0；
         * 如果View设置了背景，则View的宽度为max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth()，
         *      mBackground.getMinimumWidth() 指的是Drawable的原始宽度
         */
        return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
    }

    /**
     *    返回 Drawable 的原始宽高，前提是这个Drawable有原始宽高，否则就返回0
     * shapeDrawable没有原始宽/高，BitmapDrawable有原始宽/高
     */
    public int getMinimumWidth() {
        final int intrinsicWidth = getIntrinsicWidth();
        return intrinsicWidth > 0 ? intrinsicWidth : 0;
    }

1：ViewGroup 的 measure 过程
ViewGroup 是一个抽象类，没有重写 onMeasure()，却提供了一个measureChildren(),用于对子 View 进行测量。

    /**
     * ViewGroup没有重写measure方法，但是提供了该方法
     */
    protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
        final int size = mChildrenCount;
        final View[] children = mChildren;
        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
            final View child = children[i];
            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) {
                measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            }
        }
    }

从下面的代码可以看出来：子元素的 MeasureSpec 由子元素的 LayoutParams 和父容器的 MeasureSpec 来决定。
ViewGroup

    protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec) {
        final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();
        /**
         * 创建子元素的MeasureSpec，接着将MeasureSpec直接传递给View的measure进行测量
         */
        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    }

    public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

        int resultSize = 0;
        int resultMode = 0;

        switch (specMode) {
        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            }
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            if (childDimension >= 0) {
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            }
            break;
        }
        //noinspection ResourceType
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    }

ViewRootImpl：
(ViewRoot) performTraversals() -> (ViewRoot) measureHierarchy() -> (ViewGroup) measure() -> (ViewGroup) onMeasure -> (View) measure -> (View) onMeasure
1. 首先会在measureHierarchy中根据屏幕大下和自身的 layoutparams 创建 MeasureSpec；
2. 在onMeasure 中创建 ViewGroup 的 MeasureSpec；
3. 在 View 的 onMeasure 中，测量View，如果直接继承View，使得View的wrap_content、padding有效，必须重写onMeasure处理。
4. 测量View后，接着对ViewGroup进行测量，然后测量ViewRoot。
注意：大致是这个流程，测量比较复杂，有些View甚至会多次测量。