常用算法帖(C#): 数组

    C#对数组概念进行了彻底的面向对象化，很大程度上降低了我们对数组结构的使用难度，并且它已经支持了.Net平台的垃圾收集机制。随着C#版本的不断更新，从数组中派生出的新数据结构也日益增加。按照28原理，我们只需要使用其中的20%就能解决80%的问题。但为了做到极致，我们还是需要了解下它们。本文总结到C#（4.0）为止的一些与数组相关的数据结构以及它们的用法。

基本数组

            string[] fruit = new string[5];
            string[] vegetable = new string[] { "chinese cabbage", "pepper", "potato", "tomato", "broccoli" };
            fruit[0] = "orange";
            fruit[1] = "banana";
            fruit[2] = "apple";
            fruit[3] = "grape";
            fruit[4] = "lychee";

多维数组

            string[,] monthplan=new string[30,7];
            monthplan[0,0]="A";
            monthplan[0, 1] = "B";

锯齿数组

            string[][] foodenum = new string[7][];
            foodenum[0] = new string[10];
            foodenum[1] = new string[9];
            foodenum[2] = new string[8];
            foodenum[3] = new string[7];
            foodenum[4] = new string[6];
            foodenum[5] = new string[5];
            foodenum[6] = new string[6];

IEnumerator接口

        public static IEnumerator<string> Yield()
        {
            yield return "apple";
            yield return "orange";
            yield return "banana";
        }

        public static void IEnumeratorTest()
        {
            var iterator=Yield();
            while (iterator.MoveNext())
            {
                Console.WriteLine(iterator.Current);
            }
            /*OUT PUT
             apple
             orange
             banana
             */
        }

数组片断

        public static void ArraySegment()
        {
            string[] vegetable = new string[] { "chinese cabbage", "pepper", "potato", "tomato", "broccoli" };
            // count: get data begin the current index.
            ArraySegment<string> arraySegment = new ArraySegment<string>(vegetable,2,2);
            for (int i = arraySegment.Offset; i <= arraySegment.Offset + arraySegment.Count; i++)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(arraySegment.Array[i]);
            }
            /*
             * OUT PUT
             * potato
               tomato
               broccoli
             */
        }

元组

        public static void Tuples()
        { 
            var tuple=Tuple.Create<string,string,string,string,int,int,int,Tuple<double,double>>("A"
                                                                                                 ,"B"
                                                                                                 ,"C"
                                                                                                 ,"D"
                                                                                                 ,1
                                                                                                 ,2
                                                                                                 ,3
                                                                                                 ,Tuple.Create<double,double>(11.1,22.2));
            Console.WriteLine(tuple.ToString());
            Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item1);
            Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item2);
            Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item3);
            Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item4);
            Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item5);
            Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item6);
            Console.WriteLine(tuple.Item7);
            Console.WriteLine(tuple.Rest.Item1.Item1);
            Console.WriteLine(tuple.Rest.Item1.Item2);

            /*OUT PUT
             (A, B, C, D, 1, 2, 3, (11.1, 22.2))
            A
            B
            C
            D
            1
            2
            3
            11.1
            22.2

             */

        }

 

协变

        public static void ArrayConvertTest()
        {
            string[] vegetable = new string[] { "chinese cabbage", "pepper", "potato", "tomato", "broccoli" };
            object[] copyVegetable = vegetable;
            foreach (object item in copyVegetable)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(item);
            }
            /*
                OUT PUT
                chinese cabbage
                pepper
                potato
                tomato
                broccoli

             */
        }

 

IStructuralEquatable 和 IEqualityComparer

    这两接口可以比较数组中每个元素是否与另外一个数组中的元素中的等值性，IEqualityComparer是比较器，决定元素的比较方式。

    class Person : IEquatable<Person>
    {
        public string firstName, lastName;
        public int age;
        public Person(string firstName, string lastName, int age)
        {
            this.firstName = firstName;
            this.lastName = lastName;
            this.age = age;
        }

        public bool Equals(Person other)
        {
            return this.firstName + this.lastName == other.firstName + other.lastName;
        }

    }

    class PersonEqualComparer : IEqualityComparer
    {



        public bool Equals(object x, object y)
        {
            Person p1 = x as Person;
            Person p2 = y as Person;
            if (null == p1 || null == p2)
            {
                return false;
            }
            return p1.firstName == p2.firstName && p1.lastName == p2.lastName && p1.age == p2.age;
        }

        public int GetHashCode(object obj)
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }

        /// <summary>
        /// this interface can use to compare value-equalization in two different arraies or tupes.
        /// </summary>
        public static void IStructuralEquatableTest()
        {
            Person[] family1 = new Person[]
            {
                new Person("jim","green",21)
                ,new Person("lucy","li",22)
                ,new Person ("jack","wang",23)
            };

            Person[] family2 = new Person[]
            {
                new Person("jim","green",21)
                ,new Person("lucy","li",22)
                ,new Person ("jack","wang",22)
            };

            

            if (family1 == family2)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("it's equal");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("it's not equal");
            }

            if ((family1 as IStructuralEquatable).Equals(family2, EqualityComparer<Person>.Default))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("it's equal");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("it's not equal");
            }


            if ((family1 as IStructuralEquatable).Equals(family2, new PersonEqualComparer()))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("it's equal");
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("it's not equal");
            }

            /* OUT PUT
             * it's not equal
             * it's equal
             * it's not equal
             */
        }

BitArray

 public static void TestBitArray()
        {
            BitArray myBitArray = new BitArray(8);// set the length of the array
            myBitArray.Set(0, true);//current value 10000000
            myBitArray.Set(7, true);//current value 00000001
            DisplayBit(myBitArray);

            BitArray myBitArray2 = new BitArray(8);
            myBitArray2.Set(0, true);//current vlaue 10000000
            myBitArray2.Set(1, true);//current value 11000000
            DisplayBit(myBitArray2);

            Console.WriteLine("Not");
            myBitArray.Not();
            DisplayBit(myBitArray);

            Console.WriteLine("And");
            myBitArray.And(myBitArray2);
            DisplayBit(myBitArray);


            Console.WriteLine("Xor");
            myBitArray.Xor(myBitArray2);
            DisplayBit(myBitArray);

            /*OUT PUT
                10000001
                11000000
                Not
                01111110
                And
                01000000
                Xor
                10000000

             */

        }

Array成员列表

1. Name:AsReadOnly Type:Method
2. Name:Resize Type:Method
3. Name:CreateInstance Type:Method
4. Name:CreateInstance Type:Method
5. Name:CreateInstance Type:Method
6. Name:CreateInstance Type:Method
7. Name:CreateInstance Type:Method
8. Name:CreateInstance Type:Method
9. Name:Copy Type:Method
10. Name:Copy Type:Method
11. Name:ConstrainedCopy Type:Method
12. Name:Copy Type:Method
13. Name:Copy Type:Method
14. Name:Clear Type:Method
15. Name:GetValue Type:Method
16. Name:GetValue Type:Method
17. Name:GetValue Type:Method
18. Name:GetValue Type:Method
19. Name:GetValue Type:Method
20. Name:GetValue Type:Method
21. Name:GetValue Type:Method
22. Name:GetValue Type:Method
23. Name:SetValue Type:Method
24. Name:SetValue Type:Method
25. Name:SetValue Type:Method
26. Name:SetValue Type:Method
27. Name:SetValue Type:Method
28. Name:SetValue Type:Method
29. Name:SetValue Type:Method
30. Name:SetValue Type:Method
31. Name:get_Length Type:Method
32. Name:get_LongLength Type:Method
33. Name:GetLength Type:Method
34. Name:GetLongLength Type:Method
35. Name:get_Rank Type:Method
36. Name:GetUpperBound Type:Method
37. Name:GetLowerBound Type:Method
38. Name:get_SyncRoot Type:Method
39. Name:get_IsReadOnly Type:Method
40. Name:get_IsFixedSize Type:Method
41. Name:get_IsSynchronized Type:Method
42. Name:Clone Type:Method
43. Name:BinarySearch Type:Method
44. Name:BinarySearch Type:Method
45. Name:BinarySearch Type:Method
46. Name:BinarySearch Type:Method
47. Name:BinarySearch Type:Method
48. Name:BinarySearch Type:Method
49. Name:BinarySearch Type:Method
50. Name:BinarySearch Type:Method
51. Name:ConvertAll Type:Method
52. Name:CopyTo Type:Method
53. Name:CopyTo Type:Method
54. Name:Exists Type:Method
55. Name:Find Type:Method
56. Name:FindAll Type:Method
57. Name:FindIndex Type:Method
58. Name:FindIndex Type:Method
59. Name:FindIndex Type:Method
60. Name:FindLast Type:Method
61. Name:FindLastIndex Type:Method
62. Name:FindLastIndex Type:Method
63. Name:FindLastIndex Type:Method
64. Name:ForEach Type:Method
65. Name:GetEnumerator Type:Method
66. Name:IndexOf Type:Method
67. Name:IndexOf Type:Method
68. Name:IndexOf Type:Method
69. Name:IndexOf Type:Method
70. Name:IndexOf Type:Method
71. Name:IndexOf Type:Method
72. Name:LastIndexOf Type:Method
73. Name:LastIndexOf Type:Method
74. Name:LastIndexOf Type:Method
75. Name:LastIndexOf Type:Method
76. Name:LastIndexOf Type:Method
77. Name:LastIndexOf Type:Method
78. Name:Reverse Type:Method
79. Name:Reverse Type:Method
80. Name:Sort Type:Method
81. Name:Sort Type:Method
82. Name:Sort Type:Method
83. Name:Sort Type:Method
84. Name:Sort Type:Method
85. Name:Sort Type:Method
86. Name:Sort Type:Method
87. Name:Sort Type:Method
88. Name:Sort Type:Method
89. Name:Sort Type:Method
90. Name:Sort Type:Method
91. Name:Sort Type:Method
92. Name:Sort Type:Method
93. Name:Sort Type:Method
94. Name:Sort Type:Method
95. Name:Sort Type:Method
96. Name:Sort Type:Method
97. Name:TrueForAll Type:Method
98. Name:Initialize Type:Method
99. Name:ToString Type:Method
100. Name:Equals Type:Method
101. Name:GetHashCode Type:Method
102. Name:GetType Type:Method
103. Name:Length Type:Property
104. Name:LongLength Type:Property
105. Name:Rank Type:Property
106. Name:SyncRoot Type:Property
107. Name:IsReadOnly Type:Property
108. Name:IsFixedSize Type:Property
109. Name:IsSynchronized Type:Property