手动装配
- 一个正常的 bean
package com.yiibai.customer.dao; public class CustomerDAO { @Override public String toString() { return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO"; } }
- DAO 层
package com.yiibai.customer.services; import com.yiibai.customer.dao.CustomerDAO; public class CustomerService { CustomerDAO customerDAO; public void setCustomerDAO(CustomerDAO customerDAO) { this.customerDAO = customerDAO; } @Override public String toString() { return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]"; } }
- applicationContext.xml配置
bean配置文件(applicationContext.xml),在Spring中的一个普通 bean 配置。
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd"> <bean id="customerService" class="com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService"> <property name="customerDAO" ref="customerDAO" /> </bean> <bean id="customerDAO" class="com.yiibai.customer.dao.CustomerDAO" /> </beans>
- 执行程序
package com.yiibai.common; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService; public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"Spring-Customer.xml"}); CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService"); System.out.println(cust); } }
- 输出结果
CustomerService [customerDAO=Hello , This is CustomerDAO]
自动装配
使用@Component注释来表示这是类是一个自动扫描组件。
package com.yiibai.customer.dao; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class CustomerDAO { @Override public String toString() { return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO"; } }
DAO层,添加@Component,表明这也是一个自动扫描组件。
package com.yiibai.customer.services; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import com.yiibai.customer.dao.CustomerDAO; @Component public class CustomerService { @Autowired CustomerDAO customerDAO; @Override public String toString() { return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]"; } }
将这个“context:component”在bean配置文件,这意味着,在 Spring 中启用自动扫描功能。base-package 是指明存储组件,Spring将扫描该文件夹,并找出Bean(注解为@Component)并注册到 Spring 容器。
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.yiibai.customer" />
</beans>
执行它
package com.yiibai.common; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.yiibai.customer.services.CustomerService; public class App { public static void main( String[] args ) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] {"Spring-AutoScan.xml"}); CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService"); System.out.println(cust); } }
输出结果
CustomerService [customerDAO=Hello , This is CustomerDAO]
这是 Spring 中的自动扫描组件如何工作。
自定义自动扫描组件名称
默认情况下,Spring 将小写部件的第一字符- 从'CustomerService'到'CustomerService'。可以检索该组件名称为“CustomerService”。
CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("customerService");
要创建组件的自定义名称,你可以这样自定义名称:
@Service("AAA") public class CustomerService ...
现在,可以用'AAA'这个名称进行检索。
CustomerService cust = (CustomerService)context.getBean("AAA");
自动组件扫描注释类型
在Spring2.5中,有4种类型的组件自动扫描注释类型
- @Component – 指示自动扫描组件。
- @Repository – 表示在持久层DAO组件。
- @Service – 表示在业务层服务组件。
- @Controller – 表示在表示层控制器组件。
因此,使用哪一个?其实并不那么重要。参见 @Repository,@Service 或 @Controller 源代码。
@Target({ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Component public @interface Repository { String value() default ""; }
你可能会发现,所有的 @Repository, @Service 或 @Controller 被注解为 @Component。因此,我们可以只使用 @Component 对所有组件进行自动扫描?是的,Spring会自动扫描所有组件的 @Component 注解。
它工作正常,但不是一个好的做法,为便于阅读,应该始终声明@Repository,@ Service 或 @Controller 在指定的层,使你的代码更易于阅读,如下:
DAO 层
package com.yiibai.customer.dao; import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository; @Repository public class CustomerDAO { @Override public String toString() { return "Hello , This is CustomerDAO"; } }
Service 层
package com.yiibai.customer.services; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import com.yiibai.customer.dao.CustomerDAO; @Service public class CustomerService { @Autowired CustomerDAO customerDAO; @Override public String toString() { return "CustomerService [customerDAO=" + customerDAO + "]"; }
}
转自:https://blog.csdn.net/u010002184/article/details/72870065