设计模式之桥模式

Bridge Design Pattern

definition Decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently. Frequency of use:  nbsp;medium

UML class diagram

participants

    The classes and/or objects participating in this pattern are:

• Abstraction   (BusinessObject)
  • defines the abstraction's interface.
  • maintains a reference to an object of type Implementor.
• RefinedAbstraction   (CustomersBusinessObject)
  • extends the interface defined by Abstraction.
• Implementor   (DataObject)
  • defines the interface for implementation classes. This interface doesn't have to correspond exactly to Abstraction's interface; in fact the two interfaces can be quite different. Typically the Implementation interface provides only primitive operations, and Abstraction defines higher-level operations based on these primitives.
• ConcreteImplementor   (CustomersDataObject)
  • implements the Implementor interface and defines its concrete implementation.

sample code in C#

This structural code demonstrates the Bridge pattern which separates (decouples) the interface from its implementation. The implementation can evolve without changing clients which use the abstraction of the object.

Hide code

// Bridge pattern -- Structural example

using System; namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Bridge.Structural {    // MainApp test application    class MainApp   {      static void Main()     {       Abstraction ab = new RefinedAbstraction();        // Set implementation and call       ab.Implementor = new ConcreteImplementorA();       ab.Operation();        // Change implemention and call       ab.Implementor = new ConcreteImplementorB();       ab.Operation();        // Wait for user       Console.Read();     }   }    // "Abstraction"    class Abstraction   {      protected Implementor implementor;      // Property      public Implementor Implementor     {        set{ implementor = value; }     }      public virtual void Operation()     {       implementor.Operation();     }   }    // "Implementor"    abstract class Implementor   {      public abstract void Operation();   }    // "RefinedAbstraction"    class RefinedAbstraction : Abstraction   {      public override void Operation()     {       implementor.Operation();     }   }    // "ConcreteImplementorA"    class ConcreteImplementorA : Implementor   {      public override void Operation()     {       Console.WriteLine("ConcreteImplementorA Operation");     }   }    // "ConcreteImplementorB"    class ConcreteImplementorB : Implementor   {      public override void Operation()     {       Console.WriteLine("ConcreteImplementorB Operation");     }   } }

Output ConcreteImplementorA Operation ConcreteImplementorB Operation

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This real-world code demonstrates the Bridge pattern in which a BusinessObject abstraction is decoupled from the implementation in DataObject. The DataObject implementations can evolve dynamically without changing any clients.

// Bridge pattern -- Real World example

using System; using System.Collections; namespace DoFactory.GangOfFour.Bridge.RealWorld {    // MainApp test application       class MainApp   {      static void Main()     {        // Create RefinedAbstraction       Customers customers =          new Customers("Chicago");        // Set ConcreteImplementor       customers.Data = new CustomersData();        // Exercise the bridge       customers.Show();       customers.Next();       customers.Show();       customers.Next();       customers.Show();       customers.New("Henry Velasquez");       customers.ShowAll();        // Wait for user       Console.Read();     }   }    // "Abstraction"    class CustomersBase   {      private DataObject dataObject;      protected string group;      public CustomersBase( string group)     {        this.group = group;     }      // Property      public DataObject Data     {        set{ dataObject = value; }        get{ return dataObject; }     }      public virtual void Next()     {       dataObject.NextRecord();     }      public virtual void Prior()     {       dataObject.PriorRecord();     }      public virtual void New( string name)     {       dataObject.NewRecord(name);     }      public virtual void Delete( string name)     {       dataObject.DeleteRecord(name);     }      public virtual void Show()     {       dataObject.ShowRecord();     }      public virtual void ShowAll()     {       Console.WriteLine("Customer Group: " + group);       dataObject.ShowAllRecords();     }   }    // "RefinedAbstraction"    class Customers : CustomersBase   {      // Constructor      public Customers( string group) : base(group)     {       }      public override void ShowAll()     {        // Add separator lines       Console.WriteLine();       Console.WriteLine ("------------------------");        base.ShowAll();       Console.WriteLine ("------------------------");     }   }    // "Implementor"    abstract class DataObject   {      public abstract void NextRecord();      public abstract void PriorRecord();      public abstract void NewRecord( string name);      public abstract void DeleteRecord( string name);      public abstract void ShowRecord();      public abstract void ShowAllRecords();   }    // "ConcreteImplementor"    class CustomersData : DataObject   {      private ArrayList customers = new ArrayList();      private int current = 0;      public CustomersData()     {        // Loaded from a database       customers.Add("Jim Jones");       customers.Add("Samual Jackson");       customers.Add("Allen Good");       customers.Add("Ann Stills");       customers.Add("Lisa Giolani");     }      public override void NextRecord()     {        if (current <= customers.Count - 1)       {         current++;       }     }      public override void PriorRecord()     {        if (current > 0)       {         current--;       }     }      public override void NewRecord( string name)     {       customers.Add(name);     }      public override void DeleteRecord( string name)     {       customers.Remove(name);     }      public override void ShowRecord()     {       Console.WriteLine(customers[current]);     }      public override void ShowAllRecords()     {        foreach ( string name in customers)       {         Console.WriteLine(" " + name);       }     }   } }

Output Jim Jones Samual Jackson Allen Good ------------------------ Customer Group: Chicago Jim Jones Samual Jackson Allen Good Ann Stills Lisa Giolani Henry Velasquez ------------------------