CentOS 7 MySQL自动备份shell脚本 （附带 --master-data, -e的作用）

1、新建shell脚本

vim /shell_jiaoben/mysqlBackup.sh

#!/bin/bash

# 以下配置信息请自己修改
mysql_user="root" #MySQL备份用户
mysql_password="123456" #MySQL备份用户的密码
mysql_host="192.168.163.12"
mysql_port="3306"
mysql_charset="utf8" #MySQL编码
backup_db_arr=("test") #要备份的数据库名称，多个用空格分开隔开 如("db1" "db2" "db3")
backup_location=/opt/data/mysql  #备份数据存放位置，末尾请不要带"/",此项可以保持默认，程序会自动创建文件夹
expire_backup_delete="ON" #是否开启过期备份删除 ON为开启 OFF为关闭
expire_days=3 #过期时间天数 默认为三天，此项只有在expire_backup_delete开启时有效

# 本行开始以下不需要修改
backup_time=`date +%Y%m%d%H%M`  #定义备份详细时间
backup_Ymd=`date +%Y-%m-%d` #定义备份目录中的年月日时间
backup_3ago=`date -d '3 days ago' +%Y-%m-%d` #3天之前的日期
backup_dir=$backup_location/$backup_Ymd  #备份文件夹全路径
welcome_msg="Welcome to use MySQL backup tools!" #欢迎语

# 判断MYSQL是否启动,mysql没有启动则备份退出
mysql_ps=`ps -ef |grep mysql |wc -l`
mysql_listen=`netstat -an |grep LISTEN |grep $mysql_port|wc -l`
if [ [$mysql_ps == 1] -o [$mysql_listen == 0] ]; then
        echo "ERROR:MySQL is not running! backup stop!"
        exit
else
        echo $welcome_msg
fi

# 连接到mysql数据库，无法连接则备份退出
/opt/mysql/bin/mysql -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password <<end
use mysql;
select host,user from user where user='root' and host='localhost';
exit
end

flag=`echo $?`
if [ $flag != "0" ]; then
        echo "ERROR:Can't connect mysql server! backup stop!"
        exit
else
        echo "MySQL connect ok! Please wait......"
        # 判断有没有定义备份的数据库，如果定义则开始备份，否则退出备份
        if [ "$backup_db_arr" != "" ];then
                #dbnames=$(cut -d ',' -f1-5 $backup_database)
                #echo "arr is (${backup_db_arr[@]})"
                for dbname in ${backup_db_arr[@]}
                do
                        echo "database $dbname backup start..."
                        `mkdir -p $backup_dir`
                        `/opt/mysql/bin/mysqldump -h$mysql_host -P$mysql_port -u$mysql_user -p$mysql_password $dbname --default-character-set=$mysql_charset --master-data=1 | gzip > $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz`
                        flag=`echo $?`
                        if [ $flag == "0" ];then
                                echo "database $dbname success backup to $backup_dir/$dbname-$backup_time.sql.gz"
                        else
                                echo "database $dbname backup fail!"
                        fi

                done
        else
                echo "ERROR:No database to backup! backup stop"
                exit
        fi
        # 如果开启了删除过期备份，则进行删除操作
        if [ "$expire_backup_delete" == "ON" -a  "$backup_location" != "" ];then
                 #`find $backup_location/ -type d -o -type f -ctime +$expire_days -exec rm -rf {} \;`
                 `find $backup_location/ -type d -mtime +$expire_days | xargs rm -rf`
                 echo "Expired backup data delete complete!"
        fi
        echo "All database backup success! Thank you!"
        exit
fi

 2、修改shell脚本属性，赋予执行权限

chmod 600 /shell_jiaoben/mysqlBackup.sh
chmod +x /shell_jiaoben/mysqlBackup.sh

3、定时执行脚本 

#######2019-04-11 数据库备份#############
5 0 * * * /shell_jiaoben/mysqlBackup.sh

4、MySQL恢复

mysql -uroot -p databse < backup.sql

在脚本中加了参数mysqldump --master-data=2 --single-transaction 

 

mysql数据库中-e是什么意思？-e参数使用详解

可以用shell脚本操作mysql数据库，使用mysql的-e参数可以执行各种sql的(创建，删除，增，删，改、查)等各种操作 。

用法

mysql -hhostname -Pport -uusername -ppassword -e 相关mysql的sql语句，不用在mysql的提示符下运行mysql，即可以在shell中操作mysql的方法。

 

#!/bin/bash
 
HOSTNAME="192.168.111.84"                                           #数据库信息
PORT="3306"
USERNAME="root"
PASSWORD=""
 
DBNAME="test_db_test"                                                       #数据库名称
TABLENAME="test_table_test"                                            #数据库中表的名称
 
  
 
#创建数据库
create_db_sql="create database IF NOT EXISTS ${DBNAME}"
mysql -h${HOSTNAME}  -P${PORT}  -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} -e"${create_db_sql}"
 
  
 
#创建表
create_table_sql="create table IF NOT EXISTS ${TABLENAME} (  name varchar(20), id int(11) default 0 )"
mysql -h${HOSTNAME}  -P${PORT}  -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e"${create_table_sql}"
 
  
 
#插入数据
insert_sql="insert into ${TABLENAME} values('billchen',2)"
mysql -h${HOSTNAME}  -P${PORT}  -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e"${insert_sql}"
 
  
 
#查询
select_sql="select * from ${TABLENAME}"
mysql -h${HOSTNAME}  -P${PORT}  -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e"${select_sql}"
 
  
 
#更新数据
update_sql="update ${TABLENAME} set id=3"
mysql -h${HOSTNAME}  -P${PORT}  -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e"${update_sql}"
mysql -h${HOSTNAME}  -P${PORT}  -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e"${select_sql}"
 
  
 
#删除数据
delete_sql="delete from ${TABLENAME}"
mysql -h${HOSTNAME}  -P${PORT}  -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e"${delete_sql}"
mysql -h${HOSTNAME}  -P${PORT}  -u${USERNAME} -p${PASSWORD} ${DBNAME} -e"${select_sql}"

mysql -e中 v的作用

用 mysql -e 生成结果导入指定文件时：

● 若要同时显示语句本身：-v

● 若要增加查询结果行数：-vv

● 若要增加执行时间：-vvv

在一些监控脚本中可以用来简化代码

㈠ 不带 v 测试：  
   
[mysql@even ~]$ mysql -uroot -poracle -e "SELECT VERSION();SELECT NOW()" > /home/mysql/test.sql  
[mysql@even ~]$ cat /home/mysql/test.sql  
VERSION()  
5.5.16-log  
NOW()  
2013-05-08 18:06:35 
   
   
㈡ 带一个 v 测试：  
   
[mysql@even ~]$ mysql -uroot -poracle -e  "SELECT VERSION();SELECT NOW()" -v  > /home/mysql/test02.sql  
[mysql@even ~]$ cat /home/mysql/test02.sql  
--------------  
SELECT VERSION()  
--------------  
   
VERSION()  
5.5.16-log  
--------------  
SELECT NOW()  
--------------  
   
NOW()  
2013-05-08 18:08:40 
   
   
㈢ 带两个 v 测试：  
   
[mysql@even ~]$ mysql -uroot -poracle -e  "SELECT VERSION();SELECT NOW()" -vv  > /home/mysql/test03.sql  
[mysql@even ~]$ cat /home/mysql/test03.sql  
--------------  
SELECT VERSION()  
--------------  
   
VERSION()  
5.5.16-log  
1 row in set  
   
--------------  
SELECT NOW()  
--------------  
   
NOW()  
2013-05-08 18:14:05 
1 row in set  
   
Bye  
   
   
㈢ 带三个 v 测试：  
   
   
[mysql@even ~]$ mysql -uroot -poracle -e  "SELECT VERSION();SELECT NOW()" -vvv  > /home/mysql/test04.sql  
[mysql@even ~]$ cat /home/mysql/test04.sql  
--------------  
SELECT VERSION()  
--------------  
   
+------------+  
| VERSION()  |  
+------------+  
| 5.5.16-log |  
+------------+  
1 row in set (0.00 sec)  
   
--------------  
SELECT NOW()  
--------------  
   
+---------------------+  
| NOW()               |  
+---------------------+  
| 2013-05-08 18:14:49 |  
+---------------------+  
1 row in set (0.00 sec)  
   
Bye