/*方法是某些特定类型相关联的函数
类、结构体、枚举都可以定义实例方法和类型方法
*/
class Counter {
var count = 0
func incremnet(){
++count
}
func incrementBy(amount:Int){
count += amount
}
func reset() {
count = 0
}
}
var count = Counter()
//count为0
count.incremnet()
//count为1
count.incrementBy(5)
//count为6
count.reset()
//count为0
/*self属性
类型的每一个实例都有一个隐含属性self(相当于其他语言的this),self等于实例本身
下例可省略self,
*/
class Counter1 {
var count = 0
func incremnet(){
++self.count
}
func incrementBy(amount:Int){
count += amount
}
func reset() {
count = 0
}
}
//如果实例方法的莫个参数名和实例的莫个属性名字一样,需要用self来消除歧义
struct Point {
var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
func isToTheRightOfX(x:Double) -> Bool {
// self.x 是类属性
return self.x > x
}
}
let somePoint = Point(x: 4.0, y: 5.0)
if somePoint.isToTheRightOfX(1.0) {
print("This Point is to the right of the line where x == 1.0")
}
//This Point is to the right of the line where x == 1.0
/* 在实例方法中修改值类型
结构体和枚举都是值类型,一般情况下,值类型的属性不能在实例方法中修改
如果要修改需要加“mutating(变异,改变)”方法。
*/
struct Point1 {
var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
mutating func moveByX(deltax:Double , deltay:Double) {
x += deltax
y += deltay
}
}
var somePoint1 = Point1(x: 1.0, y: 1.0)
somePoint1.moveByX(2, deltay: 3)
print("The Point is now at (\(somePoint1.x), \(somePoint1.y))")
//The Point is now at (3.0, 4.0)
//不能在结构体类型常量上调用变异方法,因为常量属性不能改变,即使是想改变的是常量的变量属性也不行
let fixedPoint = Point1(x: 3.0, y: 3.0)
//下面语句会报错
//fixedPoint.moveByX(2.0, deltay: 3.0)
//在变异方法中可以为self属性赋予全新的实例
struct Point2 {
var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
mutating func moveByX(deltax:Double, deltay:Double){
self = Point2(x: x + deltax, y: y + deltay)
}
}
var somePoint2 = Point2(x: 1.0, y: 1.0)
somePoint2.moveByX(5, deltay: 5)
print("The Point is now at (\(somePoint2.x), \(somePoint2.y))")
//The Point is now at (6.0, 6.0)
//枚举的变异方法可以把self设置为相同的枚举类型中的不同的成员
enum TriStateSwitch {
case Off, Low, High
mutating func next() {
switch self {
case Off:
self = Low
case Low:
self = High
case .High:
self = Off
}
}
}
var light = TriStateSwitch.Low
light.next()
print(light) //High
light.next()
print(light) //Off
/*类型方法
类、结构体和枚举都可以声明类型方法,在func关键字前面加上关键字static
在类型方法的方法体中,self指向这个类型本身,而不是类型的某个实例。
*/
class SomeClass {
static func someTypeMethod() {
//
}
}
SomeClass.someTypeMethod()