简介
首部交换机和扇形交换机都不需要路由键routingKey,交换机是通过Headers头部来将消息映射到队列的,有点像HTTP的Headers,Hash结构中要求携带一个键“x-match”,这个键的Value可以是any或者all,这代表消息携带的Hash是需要全部匹配(all),还是仅匹配一个键(any)就可以了。相比直连交换机,首部交换机的优势是匹配的规则不被限定为字符串(string)而是Object类型。
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any: 只要在发布消息时携带的有一对键值对headers满足队列定义的多个参数arguments的其中一个就能匹配上,注意这里是键值对的完全匹配,只匹配到键了,值却不一样是不行的;
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all:在发布消息时携带的所有Entry必须和绑定在队列上的所有Entry完全匹配
生产者
@Test
public void produce() throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
//创建连接工厂
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
//设置RabbitMQ相关信息
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(AMQP.PROTOCOL.PORT);
factory.setUsername("guest");
factory.setPassword("guest");
//创建一个新的连接
Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
//创建一个通道
final Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
// 首部消息
Map<String, Object> headersMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
headersMap.put("api", "login");
headersMap.put("version", 1);
headersMap.put("radom", UUID.randomUUID().toString());
// 生成发送首部消息的属性
AMQP.BasicProperties.Builder properties = new AMQP.BasicProperties().builder().headers(headersMap);
// 消息
String message = "Hello RabbitMQ";
String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange.headers";
// 发布消息
channel.basicPublish(EXCHANGE_NAME, "", false, properties.build(), message.getBytes());
System.out.println(" [Produce] Sent '" + headersMap + "':'" + message + "'");
Thread.sleep(100000);
// 关闭连接
channel.close();
conn.close();
}
消费者1
@Test
public void consume1() throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(AMQP.PROTOCOL.PORT);
factory.setUsername("guest");
factory.setPassword("guest");
Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
// 声明一个headers交换机
String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange.headers";
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.HEADERS);
final Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
// "x-match", "any" 代表:仅匹配一个键(any)就可以收到消息
arguments.put("x-match", "any");
arguments.put("api", "JDK1.9");
arguments.put("version", 1);
arguments.put("dataType", "json");
// 声明一个临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 将队列绑定到指定交换机上
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "", arguments);
System.out.println("Consumer1 waiting receive message...");
System.out.println(" [HeaderRecv ["+ arguments +"]] Waiting for messages.");
// 接收消息
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("[C] received :" + message);
System.out.println(" [HeaderRecv ["+ arguments +"] ] Received '" + properties.getHeaders() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
});
Thread.sleep(100000);
}
消费者2
@Test
public void consume2() throws IOException, TimeoutException, InterruptedException {
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory();
factory.setHost("localhost");
factory.setPort(AMQP.PROTOCOL.PORT);
factory.setUsername("guest");
factory.setPassword("guest");
Connection conn = factory.newConnection();
Channel channel = conn.createChannel();
// 声明一个headers交换机
String EXCHANGE_NAME = "exchange.headers";
channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_NAME, BuiltinExchangeType.HEADERS);
final Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
// "x-match", "any" 代表:仅匹配一个键(any)就可以收到消息
arguments.put("x-match", "all");
arguments.put("api", "JDK1.9");
arguments.put("version", 4.0);
arguments.put("dataType", "XML");
// 声明一个临时队列
String queueName = channel.queueDeclare().getQueue();
// 将队列绑定到指定交换机上
channel.queueBind(queueName, EXCHANGE_NAME, "", arguments);
System.out.println("Consumer2 waiting receive message...");
System.out.println(" [HeaderRecv ["+ arguments +"]] Waiting for messages.");
// 接收消息
channel.basicConsume(queueName, true, new DefaultConsumer(channel) {
@Override
public void handleDelivery(String consumerTag, Envelope envelope, BasicProperties properties, byte[] body)
throws IOException {
String message = new String(body, "UTF-8");
System.out.println("[C2] received :" + message);
System.out.println(" [HeaderRecv ["+ arguments +"] ] Received '" + properties.getHeaders() + "':'" + message + "'");
}
});
Thread.sleep(100000);
}
运行结果
先运行消费者,再运行生产者。
// all:匹配失败,缺少{"dataType", "json"}
Map<String, Object> heardersMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
heardersMap.put("api", "login");
heardersMap.put("version", 1.0);
// all:匹配成功,生产者多发送一个head没关系
Map<String, Object> heardersMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
heardersMap.put("api", "login");
heardersMap.put("version", 1.0);
heardersMap.put("dataType", "json");
heardersMap.put("ext", false);
Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
arguments.put("x-match", "all");
arguments.put("api", "login");
arguments.put("version", 1.0);
arguments.put("dataType", "json");
//------------------------------------------
// any: 匹配成功,只要有一个键值对能满足队列的arguments即可
Map<String, Object> heardersMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
heardersMap.put("api", "login");
Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
arguments.put("x-match", "any");
arguments.put("api", "login");
arguments.put("version", 1.0);
arguments.put("dataType", "json");
// any: 匹配失败,键值对中的key和value必须全部匹配上
Map<String, Object> heardersMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
heardersMap.put("api", "regist");
Map<String, Object> arguments = new HashMap<String, Object>();
arguments.put("x-match", "any");
arguments.put("api", "login");
arguments.put("version", 1.0);
arguments.put("dataType", "json");
直连接和首部类型的比较
绑定规则不同:直连接是一个简单的String;而首部是键值对Entry,而且键值对的value可以是任意类型Object
绑定个数不同:直连接一次只能绑定一个字符串,如果想绑定多个字符串就需要绑定多次或者循环调用queueBind()方法来绑定多次;而首部类型直接可以往Map中添加多个实体Entry即可
映射规则不同:直连接只需要比较路由键是否相等即可,而首部类型除了比较value还要比较key,因为首部类型是Entry类型,需要同时比较key和value,而且首部类型还可以通过x-match来控制匹配的条件,all:需要匹配所有Entry,相当于SQL中的 and操作,any:只需要匹配上一个Entry即可,相当于SQL中的or操作
直连接适用于计较简单的路由,而首部类型相比直连接匹配规则更强大