转:https://yq.aliyun.com/articles/410851
http://www.cnblogs.com/kingleft/p/5991316.html
方法 一:
在yum的ELRepo源中,有 m ain l ine(3.13.1)、 l ong- t erm(3.10.28)这2个内核版本,考虑到long-term更稳定,会长期更新,所以选择这个版本。
1、导入public key
rpm --import https://www.elrepo.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-elrepo.org
2、安装ELRepo到CentOS-6.x中
rpm -ivh http://www.elrepo.org/elrepo-release-6-8.el6.elrepo.noarch.rpm
3、安装 kernel-lt(lt=long-term)
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-lt -y
或者安装kernel-ml(ml=mainline)
yum --enablerepo=elrepo-kernel install kernel-ml -y
4、编辑grub.conf文件,修改Grub引导顺序
复制代码
vim /etc/grub.conf
# grub.conf generated by anaconda
#
# Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file
# NOTICE: You do not have a /boot partition. This means that
# all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /, eg.
# root (hd0,0)
# kernel /boot/vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda1
# initrd /boot/initrd-[generic-]version.img
#boot=/dev/sda
default=0
timeout=5
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz
hiddenmenu
title CentOS (3.10.28-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.10.28-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64 ro root=UUID=0a05411f-16f2-4d69-beb0-2db4cefd3613 rd_NO_LUKS KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD crashkernel=auto LANG=en_US.UTF-8
rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /boot/initramfs-3.10.28-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64.img
title CentOS (2.6.32-431.3.1.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.3.1.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=0a05411f-16f2-4d69-beb0-2db4cefd3613 rd_NO_LUKS KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD crashkernel=auto LANG=en_US.UTF-8 r
d_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-431.3.1.el6.x86_64.img
title CentOS (2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=0a05411f-16f2-4d69-beb0-2db4cefd3613 rd_NO_LUKS KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD crashkernel=auto LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 rd_NO
_LVM rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64.img
复制代码
确认刚安装好的内核在哪个位置,然后设置default值(从0开始),一般新安装的内核在第一个位置,所以设置default=0。
5、重启,查看内核版本号
[root@dev ~]# uname -r
3.10.28-1.el6.elrepo.x86_64
方法二:
[root@vhost data]# wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.6/linux-2.6.35.4.tar.bz2
[root@vhost data]# tar -jxvf linux-2.6.35.4.tar.bz2
[root@vhost data]# mv linux-2.6.35.4 /usr/src
[root@vhost data]# cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.35.4
#配置内核参数,选择自己所需的模块
[root@vhost linux-2.6.35.4]# make menuconfig
#编译安装内核
[root@vhost linux-2.6.35.4]# make
[root@vhost linux-2.6.35.4]# make modules
[root@vhost linux-2.6.35.4]# make modules_install
[root@vhost linux-2.6.35.4]# make install
#修改默认以新的内核启动。
[root@vhost linux-2.6.35.4]# vi /boot/grub/grub.conf
default=0
#将新的内核配置文件复制到/boot目录。
[root@vhost linux-2.6.35.4]# cp /usr/src/linux-2.6.35.4/.config /boot/config-2.6.35.4
[root@vhost linux-2.6.35.4]# reboot
#重启后验证内核版本
[root@vhost /]# uname -r
2.6.35.4
#升级过程中遇到的问题
一、启动报错
mount: could not find filesystem ‘/dev/root’
setuproot: moving /dev failed: No such file or directory
setuproot: error mounting /proc: No such file or directory
setuproot: error mounting /sys: No such file or directory
switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory
Kernel panic – not syncing: Attempted to kill init!
解决方法:
执行完make menuconfig后,修改/usr/src/linux-2.6.35.4/.config
将#CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 is not set
默认被注释掉的,将其改为y。即修改为
CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2=y
再接着编译安装内核
二、启动报错
insmod: error inserting '/lib/dm-region-hash.ko' : -1 File exists
解决方法:
1、解压initrd文件
[root@vhost ~]# cp /boot/initrd-2.6.35.4.img /tmp
[root@vhost ~]# cd /tmp/
[root@vhost tmp]# ls
initrd-2.6.35.4.img
[root@vhost tmp]# mkdir newinitrd
[root@vhost tmp]# cd newinitrd/
[root@vhost newinitrd]# zcat ../initrd-2.6.35.4.img |cpio -i
11282 blocks
释放之后看到如下内容
[root@vhost newinitrd]# ls
bin dev etc init lib proc sbin sys sysroot
2、下边就是编辑init,删掉其中重复的四行中的两行
echo "Loading dm-region-hash.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-region-hash.ko
echo "Loading dm-region-hash.ko module"
insmod /lib/dm-region-hash.ko
3、重新打包initrd
[root@vhost newinitrd]# find .|cpio -c -o > ../initrd
11282 blocks
[root@vhost newinitrd]# cd ..
[root@vhost tmp]# gzip -9 < initrd > initrd.img
[root@vhost tmp]# ls
initrd-2.6.35.4.img initrd initrd.img newinitrd
initrd.img就是重新打包的initrd了,然后把initrd.img拷贝到/boot
[root@vhost tmp]# mv /boot/initrd-2.6.35.4.img /boot/initrd-2.6.35.4.img.bak
[root@vhost tmp]# mv initrd.img /boot/initrd-2.6.35.4.img
[root@vhost tmp]# reboot
这样“insmod: error inserting '/lib/dm-region-hash.ko' : -1 File exists” 就不会有了