centos7 nginx+php7环境搭建及权限配置

   一.安装nginx
    1.安装yum源

rpm -Uvh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
    2.安装nginx

yum install -y nginx
    3.启动nginx并设置开机自动运行

systemctl start nginx    #启动,restart-重启,stop-停止
systemctl enable nginx    #开机启动
    4.查看版本及运行状态

nginx -v    #查看版本
 
ps -ef | grep nginx    #查看运行状态
    二.安装php7
    1.安装yum源

rpm -Uvh https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
    2.查看php7 yum组件，示例安装php7.2

# yum search php72w  #显示如下结果
……
……
mod_php72w.x86_64 : PHP module for the Apache HTTP Server
php72w-bcmath.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the bcmath library
php72w-cli.x86_64 : Command-line interface for PHP
php72w-common.x86_64 : Common files for PHP
php72w-dba.x86_64 : A database abstraction layer module for PHP applications
php72w-devel.x86_64 : Files needed for building PHP extensions
php72w-embedded.x86_64 : PHP library for embedding in applications
php72w-enchant.x86_64 : Enchant spelling extension for PHP applications
php72w-fpm.x86_64 : PHP FastCGI Process Manager
php72w-gd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the gd graphics library
php72w-imap.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use IMAP
php72w-interbase.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use Interbase/Firebird databases
php72w-intl.x86_64 : Internationalization extension for PHP applications
php72w-ldap.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use LDAP
php72w-mbstring.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications which need multi-byte string handling
php72w-mysql.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases
php72w-mysqlnd.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases
php72w-odbc.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use ODBC databases
php72w-opcache.x86_64 : An opcode cache Zend extension
php72w-pdo.x86_64 : A database access abstraction module for PHP applications
php72w-pdo_dblib.x86_64 : MSSQL database module for PHP
php72w-pear.noarch : PHP Extension and Application Repository framework
php72w-pecl-apcu.x86_64 : APCu - APC User Cache
php72w-pecl-apcu-devel.x86_64 : APCu developer files (header)
php72w-pecl-geoip.x86_64 : Extension to map IP addresses to geographic places
php72w-pecl-igbinary.x86_64 : Replacement for the standard PHP serializer
php72w-pecl-igbinary-devel.x86_64 : Igbinary developer files (header)
php72w-pecl-imagick.x86_64 : Provides a wrapper to the ImageMagick library
php72w-pecl-imagick-devel.x86_64 : Imagick developer files (header)
php72w-pecl-libsodium.x86_64 : Wrapper for the Sodium cryptographic library
php72w-pecl-memcached.x86_64 : Extension to work with the Memcached caching daemon
php72w-pecl-mongodb.x86_64 : PECL package MongoDB driver
php72w-pecl-redis.x86_64 : Extension for communicating with the Redis key-value store
php72w-pecl-xdebug.x86_64 : PECL package for debugging PHP scripts
php72w-pgsql.x86_64 : A PostgreSQL database module for PHP
php72w-phpdbg.x86_64 : Interactive PHP debugger
php72w-process.x86_64 : Modules for PHP script using system process interfaces
php72w-pspell.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using pspell interfaces
php72w-recode.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications for using the recode library
php72w-snmp.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that query SNMP-managed devices
php72w-soap.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications that use the SOAP protocol
php72w-sodium.x86_64 : Wrapper for the Sodium cryptographic library
php72w-tidy.x86_64 : Standard PHP module provides tidy library support
php72w-xml.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications which use XML
php72w-xmlrpc.x86_64 : A module for PHP applications which use the XML-RPC protocol
    3.选择自己需要的组件安装，php72w.x86_64 和 php72w-fpm.x86_64 为核心程序必装,下面示例中选择了一些常用组件的安装，不太理解各个组件用处的读者可以全部安装，以免以后使用相关组件时出错。

yum install php72w.x86_64 php72w-fpm.x86_64 php72w-cli.x86_64 php72w-common.x86_64 php72w-gd.x86_64 php72w-ldap.x86_64 php72w-mbstring.x86_64 php72w-mcrypt.x86_64 php72w-mysqlnd.x86_64 php72w-pdo.x86_64 php72w-pecl-redis.x86_64 php72w-opcache.x86_64 php72w-devel.x86_64 php72w-bcmath.x86_64
此处建议安装更加高效的mysqlnd而不是落后的mysql扩展

    4.启动php并设为开机启动

systemctl start php-fpm    #启动,restart-重启，stop-停止
systemctl enable php-fpm    #开机启动
    5.查看版本及运行状态

php-fpm -v    #查看版本
 
ps -ef | grep php-fpm    #查看运行状态
进行完以上步骤之后，读者自行在nginx中配置web目录，已经可以正常运行了，但是此时nginx和php是以root身份运行，以最高权限运行web文件会给系统带来安全隐患，以下为权限配置示例

    三.配置nginx权限
    1.建立www用户及www用户组，将www用户同时加入www用户组和root组

adduser www    #建立www用户
groupadd www    #建立www用户组
usermod -G www www    #将www用户加入www用户组同时从其他组移除
usermod -a -G root www    #将www用户加入root用户组,有-a参数不从其他组移除，此时www同时属于www和root组
    2.将nginx以www用户及www用户组运行，修改nginx.conf文件，在文件头部：

user    www www;    #以www身份运行
    3.将web目录的拥有者改为www:www，权限改为755

chown www:www web目录 -R    #修改拥有者
chmod 755 web目录 -R    #修改权限
    4.重载nginx配置

nginx -t    #测试
 
nginx -s reload    #重载配置
 

如果此时出现静态文件可以访问而php文件显示无权限访问的话，需要检查SELinux，将其关闭即可正常运行。

nginx配置的时候注意错误日志的路径，当你的php运行出现未知错误的时候，可以查看日志检查错误原因。

 四.配置nginx权限
   完成以上三步似乎就可以了，但是还有一些问题，那就是php-fpm的运行用户，默认情况下php-fpm是以apache运行的，这会导致php脚本在行使文件操作权限时受到权限限制：

    1.打开php-fpm.conf，在最下面一行找到：

include=/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
    2.显示引用了配置文件，进入查看

cd /etc/php-fpm.d/
ll
##显示出www.conf文件
vim www.conf
#找到user和group改为:
user = www
group = www
 
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作者：猫猫无心 
来源：CSDN 
原文：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_18358973/article/details/81475217 
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