五、形状 Shapes
5.1自定义形状 Custom Shape
若要用HTML5画布绘制自定义形状,可以创建一个路径,然后调用closePath()方法关闭它。可以使用lineTo()、arcTo()、quadraticCurveTo()或bezierCurveTo()方法来构造构形状的每个子路径。
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="578" height="200"></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
// begin custom shape
context.beginPath();
context.moveTo(170, 80);
context.bezierCurveTo(130, 100, 130, 150, 230, 150);
context.bezierCurveTo(250, 180, 320, 180, 340, 150);
context.bezierCurveTo(420, 150, 420, 120, 390, 100);
context.bezierCurveTo(430, 40, 370, 30, 340, 50);
context.bezierCurveTo(320, 5, 250, 20, 250, 50);
context.bezierCurveTo(200, 5, 150, 20, 170, 80);
// complete custom shape
context.closePath();
context.lineWidth = 5;
context.strokeStyle = 'blue';
context.stroke();
</script>
</body>
</html>
以上代码演示了在画布上绘制闭合的自定义图形,并用蓝色填充。
5.2矩形 Rectangle
要使用HTML5 画布绘制矩形,可以使用rect()方法而不是用4条连接线构造形状。一个HTML5画布矩形用X和Y坐标进行定位,并以width和height参数定义矩形的大小。矩形通过左上角的点进行定位。
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="578" height="200"></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
context.beginPath();
context.rect(188, 50, 200, 100);
context.fillStyle = 'yellow';
context.fill();
context.lineWidth = 7;
context.strokeStyle = 'black';
context.stroke();
</script>
</body>
</html>
以上代码演示了在画布上绘制一个矩形,并填充为黄色。
5.3圆形 Circle
要用HTML5画布绘制一个圆,可以调用arc()方法通过定义起始角为0,结束角为2*PI来创建完整的圆弧。
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="578" height="200"></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
var centerX = canvas.width / 2;
var centerY = canvas.height / 2;
var radius = 70;
context.beginPath();
context.arc(centerX, centerY, radius, 0, 2 * Math.PI, false);
context.fillStyle = 'green';
context.fill();
context.lineWidth = 5;
context.strokeStyle = '#003300';
context.stroke();
</script>
</body>
</html>
以上代码演示了在画布上绘制一个圆形,并以绿色填充。
5.4半圆 Semicircle
为了用HTML5 Canvas绘制一个半圆,我们可以使用arc()方法创建一个弧形,并且定义结束角为startAngle+PI。
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<style>
body {
margin: 0px;
padding: 0px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<canvas id="myCanvas" width="578" height="200"></canvas>
<script>
var canvas = document.getElementById('myCanvas');
var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
context.beginPath();
context.arc(288, 75, 70, 0, Math.PI, false);
context.closePath();
context.lineWidth = 5;
context.fillStyle = 'red';
context.fill();
context.strokeStyle = '#550000';
context.stroke();
</script>
</body>
</html>
以上代码演示了在画布上绘制一个闭合的半圆,并用红色填充。