使用Windows剪贴板API

使用Windows剪贴板API

   事实上，有两种不同的剪贴板接口机制。第一种机制是使用Windows剪贴板API，第二种机制则是使用OLE。以为剪贴板API是迄今为止最常用的方法，一次本章中主要介绍使用Windows剪贴板API。
1、相关函数的介绍
1）为数据分配内存空间： HGLOBAL GlobalAlloc(UINT uFlags,SIZE_T dwBytes)，uFlags参数用来说明Windows如何分配内存（有GHND、GMEM_FIXED（默认值，可以用0或NULL代替）、GMEM_MOVEABLE和GPTR）。参数dwBytes是一个双字节（DWORD）值，用来指定分配的缓冲区的大小。
2）锁定全局内存：LPVOID GlobalLock(HGLOBAL hMem)
3）解除对全局内存的锁定：BOOL GlobalUnlock(HGLOBAL hMem)
4）打开剪贴板：BOOL OpenClipboard(HWND hWndNewOwner)
5）清空剪贴板：BOOL EmptyClipboard()
6）设置剪贴板数据：HANDLE SetClipboardData(UINT uFormat,HANDLE hMem)，uFormat值常见的有（CF_BITMAP、CF_TEXT、CF_OMETEXT）
7）关闭剪贴板：BOOL CloseClipboard()
2、示例程序
      相关变量没给出，自己看程序创建
  
1)传递纯文本

// 传递纯文本
void CSimpleTextTransferDlg::OnButton2() // 按下Copy按钮事件
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
if (UpdateData())
    {
        CString strData;
        m_edtToClipboard.GetWindowText(strData);
        if (OpenClipboard())
        {
            EmptyClipboard();
            HGLOBAL hClipboardData;
            hClipboardData = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE,strData.GetLength() + 1 );
            char * pchData;
            pchData = ( char * )GlobalLock(hClipboardData);
            strcpy(pchData,LPCSTR(strData));
            GlobalUnlock(hClipboardData);
            SetClipboardData(CF_TEXT,hClipboardData);
            CloseClipboard();
        }
    }       
}

void CSimpleTextTransferDlg::OnButton3() // 按下cut按钮事件
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
    OnButton2();
    m_edtToClipboard.SetWindowText( "" );
}

void CSimpleTextTransferDlg::OnButton4() // 按下Paste按钮事件
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
if (OpenClipboard())
    {
        HANDLE hClipboardData = GetClipboardData(CF_TEXT);
        char * pchData = ( char * )GlobalLock(hClipboardData);
        CString StrFromClipboard = pchData;
        m_edtFromClipboard.SetWindowText(StrFromClipboard);
        GlobalUnlock(hClipboardData);
        CloseClipboard();
    }
}

2）转移位图图像

// 按Alt+Print Screen组合键，可以把当前窗口的位图图像复制到剪贴板上
void CSimpleTextTransferDlg::OnButton7() // 按下Paste Bitmap按钮事件，粘帖剪贴板中的位图图像
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
if (OpenClipboard())
    {
        if (::IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_BITMAP))
        {
            HBITMAP handle = (HBITMAP)GetClipboardData(CF_BITMAP);
            CBitmap * bm = CBitmap::FromHandle(handle);
            CClientDC cdc( this );
            CDC dc;
            dc.CreateCompatibleDC( & cdc);
            dc.SelectObject(bm);
            RECT rect;
            m_grpBitmapFromClipboard.GetWindowRect( & rect);
            ScreenToClient( & rect);
            cdc.BitBlt(rect.left + 10 ,rect.top + 20 ,(rect.right - rect.left) - 10 ,(rect.bottom - rect.top) - 40 , & dc, 0 , 0 ,SRCCOPY);           
        }
        else
        {
            AfxMessageBox( " There is no BITMAP data on the Clipboard " );
        }   
        CloseClipboard();
    }
}

void CSimpleTextTransferDlg::OnButton6() // 按下Copy Test Bitmap按钮事件，吧位图图像复制到剪贴板上
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
if (OpenClipboard())
    {
        EmptyClipboard();
        CBitmap * pNewBitmap = new CBitmap();
        CClientDC cdc( this );
        CDC dc;
        dc.CreateCompatibleDC( & cdc);
        CRect client( 0 , 0 , 200 , 200 );
        pNewBitmap -> CreateCompatibleBitmap( & cdc,client.Width(),client.Height());
        dc.SelectObject(pNewBitmap);
        CString strBitmapText;
        m_edtBitmapText.GetWindowText(strBitmapText);
        DrawImage( & dc,strBitmapText);
        SetClipboardData(CF_BITMAP,pNewBitmap -> m_hObject);
        CloseClipboard();
        delete pNewBitmap;
    }
    // MessageBox("The bitmap has been copied to clipboard.haha",NULL,MB_OK);
}

void CSimpleTextTransferDlg::DrawImage(CDC * pDC, CString pText) // 进行GDI调用进行做图
{
    CRect rectDrawingArea( 0 , 0 , 200 , 200 );
    pDC -> FillSolidRect(rectDrawingArea,RGB( 0 , 208 , 200 ));
    CPen pen;
    pen.CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 3 ,RGB( 0 , 0 , 255 ));
    CPen * oldpen = pDC -> SelectObject( & pen);
    pDC -> MoveTo( 70 , 10 );
    pDC -> LineTo( 70 , 190 );
    pDC -> MoveTo( 130 , 10 );
    pDC -> LineTo( 130 , 190 );
    pDC -> MoveTo( 10 , 70 );
    pDC -> LineTo( 190 , 70 );
    pDC -> MoveTo( 10 , 130 );
    pDC -> LineTo( 190 , 130 );
    pDC -> SelectObject(oldpen);
    pen.DeleteObject();

    pDC -> TextOut( 10 , 10 ,pText);
    pDC -> TextOut( 20 , 50 ,pText);
    pDC -> TextOut( 50 , 100 ,pText);
}

3）转移自定义数据
   在把自定义数据复制到剪贴板上之前，首先要把该数据注册为Windows可以识别的格式。UINT RegisterClipboardFormat(LPCTSTR lpszFormat)，lpszFormat是要被注册的格式的名称，该名称可以用任何合法的字符串来表示。
   把自定义数据复制到剪贴板上首先，在头文件中添加CCustomer类，接着为Copy Data按钮添加按下事件。

class CCustomer
{
public :
    int iCustomerNumber;
    float dCustomerBalance;
};

void CSimpleTextTransferDlg::OnButton5()
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
if (UpdateData())
    {
        UINT uiCUstomerDataFormat = RegisterClipboardFormat( " CUSTOMER_DATA " );
        if (OpenClipboard())
        {
            EmptyClipboard();
            CCustomer customer;
            customer.iCustomerNumber = m_iCustomerNumber;
            customer.dCustomerBalance = m_dCustomerBalance;
            HGLOBAL hClipboardData;
            hClipboardData = GlobalAlloc(GMEM_DDESHARE, sizeof (CCustomer));
            CCustomer * pchCustomerData = (CCustomer * )GlobalLock(hClipboardData);
            * pchCustomerData = customer;
            GlobalUnlock(hClipboardData);
            SetClipboardData(uiCUstomerDataFormat,hClipboardData);
            CloseClipboard();
        }
    }
}

   从剪贴板上粘贴自定义数据

void CSimpleTextTransferDlg::OnButton8()
{
    // TODO: Add your control notification handler code here
    UINT uiCUstomerDataFormat = RegisterClipboardFormat( " CUSTOMER_DATA " );
    if (OpenClipboard())
    {
        if (::IsClipboardFormatAvailable(uiCUstomerDataFormat))
        {
            HANDLE hData = GetClipboardData(uiCUstomerDataFormat);
            CCustomer * pchCustomerData = (CCustomer * )GlobalLock(hData);
            CCustomer customer =* pchCustomerData;
            m_iCustomerNumber = customer.iCustomerNumber;
            m_dCustomerBalance = customer.dCustomerBalance;
            UpdateData(FALSE);
            GlobalUnlock(hData);
            CloseClipboard();
        }
    }
}

4）接收剪贴板上内容已被修改的通知消息
   添加DispalyClipboardData函数来显示剪贴板中的内容

void CSimpleTextTransferDlg::DisplayClipboardData()
{
    m_strClipboardText = "" ;
    if (OpenClipboard())
    {
        if (::IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_TEXT) || ::IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_OEMTEXT) || ::IsClipboardFormatAvailable(CF_BITMAP))
        {
            m_strNotExt.ShowWindow(SW_HIDE);
            HANDLE hClipboardData = GetClipboardData(CF_TEXT);
            char * pchData = ( char * )GlobalLock(hClipboardData);
            m_strClipboardText = pchData;
            GlobalUnlock(hClipboardData);
        }
        else
        {
            m_strNotExt.ShowWindow(SW_SHOW);
        }
        CloseClipboard();
        UpdateData(FALSE);
    }
}

   初始化两个编辑栏的内容

CSimpleTextTransferDlg::CSimpleTextTransferDlg(CWnd * pParent /* =NULL */ )
    : CDialog(CSimpleTextTransferDlg::IDD, pParent)
    ,m_strLastUpdated( " <Unknown> " )
    ,m_strClipboardText( "" )
{
    m_hIcon = AfxGetApp() -> LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);
}

   在OnInitDialog函数中添加DisplayClipboardData函数和SetClipboardViewer函数（每当剪贴板的内容发生变化时，这个函数将窗口加入被通知的窗口链（通过WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD消息））

BOOL CSimpleTextTransferDlg::OnInitDialog()
{
      

    DisplayClipboardData();
    SetClipboardViewer(); // 每当剪贴板的内容发生变化时，这个函数将窗口加入被通知的窗口链（通过WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD消息）。
   
    return TRUE;
}

   手工添加WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD事件，相关函数为OnClipboardChange。

afx_msg LRESULT OnClipboardChange(WPARAM,LPARAM);

ON_MESSAGE(WM_DRAWCLIPBOARD,OnClipboardChange)

LRESULT CSimpleTextTransferDlg::OnClipboardChange(WPARAM,LPARAM)
{
    CTime time=CTime::GetCurrentTime();
    m_strLastUpdated=time.Format("%a, %b %d, %Y -- %H:%M:%S");
    DisplayClipboardData();
    return0L;
}