平时我们在使用MySQL的时候,对于MySQL中的NULL值和空值区别不能很好的理解。注意到NULL值是未知的,且占用空间,不走索引,DBA建议建表的时候最好设置字段是NOT NULL 来避免这种低效率的事情的发生。
问题 1: 首先,我们需要搞清楚 "空值" 和"NULL"的概念:
1:空值('')是不占用空间的
2: MySQL中的NULL其实是占用空间的。官方文档说明:
问题2:
`a`
int
(
11
)
NOT NULL
,
`b`
varchar
(
20
)
DEFAULT NULL
,
`c`
varchar
(
20
)
NOT NULL
,
PRIMARY KEY
(
`a`
)
“NULL columns require additional space in the row to record whether their values are NULL. For MyISAM tables, each NULL column takes one bit extra, rounded up to the nearest byte.”
长度验证:注意空值的''之间是没有空格的。
mysql> select length(''),length(null),length('
');
+------------+--------------+--------------+
| length('') | length(null) | length('
') |
+------------+--------------+--------------+
|
0 |
NULL |
2 |
+------------+--------------+--------------+
判断字段不为空的时候,查询语句到底是用 select * from
tablename
where columnname <> '' 还是用
select * from tablename where column is not null,2个查询语句有啥不同。
eg:
mysql> show create table testaa;
+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
Table
|
Create
Table
|
+--------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|
testaa
|
CREATE TABLE
`testaa`
(
)
ENGINE
=
InnoDB
DEFAULT CHARSET
=
utf8
;
插入测试数据:
mysql
>
insert testaa values
(
1
,
'aa'
,
''
);
Query
OK
,
1
row affected
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
insert testaa values
(
2
,
''
,
''
);
Query
OK
,
1
row affected
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
insert testaa values
(
3
,
null
,
''
);
Query
OK
,
1
row affected
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
insert testaa values
(
4
,
NULL
,
''
);
Query
OK
,
1
row affected
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
insert testaa values
(
5
,
'aafa'
,
'fa'
);
Query
OK
,
1
row affected
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
insert testaa values
(
6
,
''
,
NULL
);
ERROR 1048 ( 23000 ): Column 'c' cannot be null
ERROR 1048 ( 23000 ): Column 'c' cannot be null
mysql
>
select
*
from
testaa
;
+---+------+----+
|
a
|
b
|
c
|
+---+------+----+
|
1
|
aa
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
3
|
NULL
|
|
|
4
|
NULL
|
|
|
5
|
aafa
|
fa
|
+---+------+----+
查询验证过程:
mysql
>
select
*
from
testaa
where
c
is
not
null
;
+---+------+----+
|
a
|
b
|
c
|
+---+------+----+
|
1
|
aa
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
3
|
NULL
|
|
|
4
|
NULL
|
|
|
5
|
aafa
|
fa
|
+---+------+----+
5
rows
in
set
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
select
*
from
testaa
where
c
<>
''
;
+---+------+----+
|
a
|
b
|
c
|
+---+------+----+
|
5
|
aafa
|
fa
|
+---+------+----+
1
row
in
set
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
select
*
from
testaa
where
c
=
''
;
+---+------+---+
|
a
|
b
|
c
|
+---+------+---+
|
1
|
aa
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
3
|
NULL
|
|
|
4
|
NULL
|
|
+---+------+---+
4
rows
in
set
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
select
*
from
testaa
where
c
is
null
;
Empty
set
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
select
*
from
testaa
where
b
is
not
null
;
+---+------+----+
|
a
|
b
|
c
|
+---+------+----+
|
1
|
aa
|
|
|
2
|
|
|
|
5
|
aafa
|
fa
|
+---+------+----+
3
rows
in
set
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
select
*
from
testaa
where
b
<>
''
;
+---+------+----+
|
a
|
b
|
c
|
+---+------+----+
|
1
|
aa
|
|
|
5
|
aafa
|
fa
|
+---+------+----+
2
rows
in
set
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql
>
select
*
from
testaa
where
b
=
''
;
+---+------+---+
|
a
|
b
|
c
|
+---+------+---+
|
2
|
|
|
+---+------+---+
1
row
in
set
(
0.00
sec
)
mysql> select * from testaa where b is null;
+---+------+---+
|
a
|
b
|
c
|
+---+------+---+
|
3
|
NULL
|
|
|
4
|
NULL
|
|
+---+------+---+
mysql
>
select
length
(
b
),
length
(
c
)
from
testaa
;
+-----------+-----------+
| length ( b ) | length ( c ) |
+-----------+-----------+
| 2 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 |
| NULL | 0 |
| NULL | 0 |
| 4 | 2 |
+-----------+-----------+
5 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
+-----------+-----------+
| length ( b ) | length ( c ) |
+-----------+-----------+
| 2 | 0 |
| 0 | 0 |
| NULL | 0 |
| NULL | 0 |
| 4 | 2 |
+-----------+-----------+
5 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
mysql
>
select
count
(
b
),
count
(
c
)
from
testaa
;
+----------+----------+
| count ( b ) | count ( c ) |
+----------+----------+
| 3 | 5 |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
+----------+----------+
| count ( b ) | count ( c ) |
+----------+----------+
| 3 | 5 |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set ( 0.00 sec )
mysql
>
create table testbb
(
a
int
primary key
,
b timestamp
);
Query OK , 0 rows affected ( 0.07 sec )
Query OK , 0 rows affected ( 0.07 sec )
mysql
>
show create table testbb
;
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| testbb | CREATE TABLE `testbb` (
`a` int ( 11 ) NOT NULL ,
`b` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ,
PRIMARY KEY ( `a` )
) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8 |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| testbb | CREATE TABLE `testbb` (
`a` int ( 11 ) NOT NULL ,
`b` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ,
PRIMARY KEY ( `a` )
) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8 |
+--------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
mysql
>
insert
into
testbb vales
(
1
,
null
)
;
mysql
>
insert
into
testbb values
(
2
,
''
);
Query OK , 1 row affected , 1 warning ( 0.00 sec )
Query OK , 1 row affected , 1 warning ( 0.00 sec )
mysql
>
show warnings
;
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1265 | Data truncated for column 'b' at row 1 |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Level | Code | Message |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
| Warning | 1265 | Data truncated for column 'b' at row 1 |
+---------+------+----------------------------------------+
mysql
>
select
*
from
testbb
;
+---+---------------------+
| a | b |
+---+---------------------+
| 1 | 2014 - 08 - 15 14 : 32 : 10 |
| 2 | 0000 - 00 - 00 00 : 00 : 00 |
+---+---------------------+
2 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
+---+---------------------+
| a | b |
+---+---------------------+
| 1 | 2014 - 08 - 15 14 : 32 : 10 |
| 2 | 0000 - 00 - 00 00 : 00 : 00 |
+---+---------------------+
2 rows in set ( 0.00 sec )
注意事项:
1
:在进行
count
()统计某列的记录数的时候,如果采用的
NULL
值,会别系统自动忽略掉,但是空值是会进行统计到其中的。
2
:
判断
NULL
用
IS NULL
或者
is
not
null
,
SQL
语句函数中可以使用
ifnull
()函数来进行处理,判断空字符用
=
''
或者
<>
''
来进行处理
3
:
对于
MySQL
特殊的注意事项,对于
timestamp
数据类型,如果往这个数据类型插入的列插入
NULL
值,则出现的值是当前系统时间。插入空值,则会出现
'
0000-00-00 00:00:00'
4:对于空值的判断到底是使用is null 还是 =''要根据实际业务来进行区分。