public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer a = new Integer(3);
Integer b = 3; // 将 3 自动装箱成 Integer 类型
int c = 3;
System.out.println(a == b); // false 两个引用没有引用同一对象
System.out.println(a == c); // true a 自动拆箱成 int 类型再和 c比较
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer f1 = 100, f2 = 100, f3 = 150, f4 = 150;
System.out.println(f1 == f2);
System.out.println(f3 == f4);
}
}
if (i >= IntegerCache.low && i <= IntegerCache.high)
return IntegerCache.cache[i + (-IntegerCache.low)];
return new Integer(i);
}
* Cache to support the object identity semantics of autoboxing forvalues between
* -128 and 127 (inclusive) as required by JLS.
*
* The cache is initialized on first usage. The size of the cache
* may be controlled by the {@code -XX:AutoBoxCacheMax=<size>} option.
* During VM initialization, java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high property
* may be set and saved in the private system properties in the
* sun.misc.VM class.
*/
private static class IntegerCache {
static final int low = -128;
static final int high;
static final Integer cache[];
static {
// high value may be configured by property
int h = 127;
String integerCacheHighPropValue = sun.misc.VM.getSavedProperty("java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high");
if (integerCacheHighPropValue != null) {
try {
int i = parseInt(integerCacheHighPropValue);
i = Math.max(i, 127);
// Maximum array size is Integer.MAX_VALUE
h = Math.min(i, Integer.MAX_VALUE - (-low) - 1);
} catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
// If the property cannot be parsed into an int,ignore it.
}
}
high = h;
cache = new Integer[(high - low) + 1];
int j = low;
for (int k = 0; k < cache.length; k++)
cache[k] = new Integer(j++);
// range [-128, 127] must be interned (JLS7 5.1.7)
assert IntegerCache.high >= 127;
}
private IntegerCache() {
}
}
public class PhoneNumber {
private int areaCode;
private String prefix;
private String lineNumber;
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime * result + areaCode;
result = prime * result + ((lineNumber == null) ? 0 : lineNumber.hashCode());
result = prime * result + ((prefix == null) ? 0 : prefix.hashCode());
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
return false;
PhoneNumber other = (PhoneNumber) obj;
if (areaCode != other.areaCode)
return false;
if (lineNumber == null) {
if (other.lineNumber != null)
return false;
} else if (!lineNumber.equals(other.lineNumber))
return false;
if (prefix == null) {
if (other.prefix != null)
return false;
} else if (!prefix.equals(other.prefix))
return false;
return true;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
String s1 = "Programming";
String s2 = new String("Programming");
String s3 = "Program";
String s4 = "ming";
String s5 = "Program" + "ming";
String s6 = s3 + s4;
System.out.println(s1 == s2);//false
System.out.println(s1 == s5);//true
System.out.println(s1 == s6);//false
System.out.println(s1 == s6.intern());//true
System.out.println(s2 == s2.intern());//false
}
}
/**
* 扑克类（一副扑克）
* @author 骆昊
*/
public class Poker {
private static String[] suites = { "黑桃", "红桃", "草花", "方块" };
private static int[] faces = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 };
private Card[] cards;
/**
* 构造器
*/
public Poker() {
cards = new Card[52];
for (int i = 0; i < suites.length; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < faces.length; j++) {
cards[i * 13 + j] = new Card(suites[i], faces[j]);
}
}
}
/**
* 洗牌 （随机乱序）
*/
public void shuffle() {
for (int i = 0, len = cards.length; i < len; i++) {
int index = (int) (Math.random() * len);
Card temp = cards[index];
cards[index] = cards[i];
cards[i] = temp;
}
}
/**
* 发牌
* @param index 发牌的位置
*/
public Card deal(int index) {
return cards[index];
}
/**
* 卡片类（一张扑克） [内部类]
* @author 骆昊
*/
public class Card {
private String suite;
// 花色
private int face;
// 点数
public Card(String suite, int face) {
this.suite = suite;
this.face = face;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
String faceStr = "";
switch (face) {
case 1:
faceStr = "A";
break;
case 11:
faceStr = "J";
break;
case 12:
faceStr = "Q";
break;
case 13:
faceStr = "K";
break;
default:
faceStr = String.valueOf(face);
}
return suite + faceStr;
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Poker poker = new Poker();
poker.shuffle();
// 洗牌
Poker.Card c1 = poker.deal(0);
// 发第一张牌
// 对于非静态内部类 Card
// 只有通过其外部类 Poker 对象才能创建 Card 对象
Poker.Card c2 = poker.new Card("红心", 1);
// 自己创建一张牌
System.out.println(c1);
// 洗牌后的第一张
System.out.println(c2);
// 打印: 红心 A
}
}
class Outer {
class Inner {
}
public static void foo() {
new Inner();
}
public void bar() {
new Inner();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Inner();
}
}
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.EmptyStackException;
public class MyStack<T> {
private T[] elements;
private int size = 0;
private static final int INIT_CAPACITY = 16;
public MyStack() {
elements = (T[]) new Object[INIT_CAPACITY];
}
public void push(T elem) {
ensureCapacity();
elements[size++] = elem;
}
public T pop() {
if (size == 0)
throw new EmptyStackException();
return elements[--size];
}
private void ensureCapacity() {
if (elements.length == size) {
elements = Arrays.copyOf(elements, 2 * size + 1);
}
}
}
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class MyUtil {
private MyUtil() {
throw new AssertionError();
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T extends Serializable> T clone(T obj) throws Exception {
ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bout);
oos.writeObject(obj);
ByteArrayInputStream bin = new ByteArrayInputStream(bout.toByteArray());
ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bin);
return (T) ois.readObject();
// 说明：调用 ByteArrayInputStream 或 ByteArrayOutputStream对象的 close 方法没有任何意义
// 这两个基于内存的流只要垃圾回收器清理对象就能够释放资源，这一点不同于对外部资源（如文件流）的释放
}
}
import java.io.Serializable;
/**
* 人类
*
* @author 骆昊
*
*/
class Person implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -9102017020286042305L;
private String name;
// 姓名
private int age;
// 年龄
private Car car;
// 座驾
public Person(String name, int age, Car car) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.car = car;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public Car getCar() {
return car;
}
public void setCar(Car car) {
this.car = car;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person [name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", car=" + car + "]";
}
}
/**
* 小汽车类
*
* @author 骆昊
*
*/
class Car implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5713945027627603702L;
private String brand;
// 品牌
private int maxSpeed;
// 最高时速
public Car(String brand, int maxSpeed) {
this.brand = brand;
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
public String getBrand() {
return brand;
}
public void setBrand(String brand) {
this.brand = brand;
}
public int getMaxSpeed() {
return maxSpeed;
}
public void setMaxSpeed(int maxSpeed) {
this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", maxSpeed=" + maxSpeed + "]";
}
}
class CloneTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
Person p1 = new Person("Hao LUO", 33, new Car("Benz", 300));
Person p2 = MyUtil.clone(p1);
// 深度克隆
p2.getCar().setBrand("BYD");
// 修改克隆的 Person 对象 p2 关联的汽车对象的品牌属性
// 原来的 Person 对象 p1 关联的汽车不会受到任何影响
// 因为在克隆 Person 对象时其关联的汽车对象也被克隆了
System.out.println(p1);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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