英语长句的分析

 英语长句的分析方法是什么?
    1）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构;　
　  2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;
　　3）分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;
　　4）分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
长句翻译的步骤举例:　　经典例题470
　　In Africa I met a boy，who was crying as if his heart would break and said，when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.
　　分析:
   第一，拆分句子:这个长句可以拆分为四段:In Africa I met a boy/who was crying as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him，that he was hungry because/he had had no food for two days.　　
   第二，句子的结构分析:
（1）主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语:I met a boy…。
（2）crying后面是壮语从句“as if his heart would break”。
（3）“when I spoke to him”是介于“said”和“that he was hungry because”之间的插入语。　　  第三，难点部分的处理:“crying as if his heart would break”应译为“哭得伤心极了”。

　　参考译文 在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。　　一般来说，长句的翻译有顺序法、逆序法、分译法和综合法四种。现将各种方法